• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2013.11a
• /
• pp.188-189
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this research is to comprehend experimentally the characteristic of human dynamic load and provide the result as basic data to suggest a valid impact-resistance evaluation method. Human motions exerting dynamic load are classified to 3 types. Selecting 3 ranks of motion strength, 3 ranks of load plane stiffness (A:20kN/cm, B:4.7kN/cm, C:2.2kN/cm), and 30 male grownup inspectors in their twenties, load was measured when they applied force on load plane. Result of this research is as follows: (1) Human dynamic load has different nature from object collision in the highest load ratio depending on the load plane stiffness and action time (2) The highest load ratio for each motion was 10.06 for kicking, 4.44 for hitting with shoulder, and 5.58 for fist blow.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.172-179
• /
• 2001

A component based method out of load modeling is to aggregate component load model according to the composition rate of each component load at load bus based on the circuit theory. But the most of component loads respond complex nonlinear characteristics respect to voltage and frequency variation due to the control techniques and semiconductor elements applied to component load. It needs to verify this approach through actual experiment of the aggregation of component load even if it can be down. To identify this aggregation method well known, this paper is proposed the classifying method of component load characteristics for component loads to group by quantitative analysis. The component load characteristics were divided into several types by KSOM (kohonen self organizing map), which can classify multi-dimension vector, component load pattern, into two-dimension vector. Some ambiguous cases happened from KSOM were classified by the proposed closing degree.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.134-139
• /
• 2012

The power characteristics of the Mg-Air fuel cell were investigated with regard to variation of load conditions. The types of load current using for the Mg-Air fuel cell with 10% NaCl electrolyte were step type, ramp type and pulse type. It was found that transient phenomena occurred in the step current load, which is due to activate of the oxidation-reduction reaction process. And the transient time increase with the load current increase. In the load current of ramp type, the slop of voltage drop increased with current load slop ${\alpha}$ increase. The load voltage and power decreased according to the pulse period of load current decrease were attributed to the metal sludges.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2000.03a
• /
• pp.107-141
• /
• 2000

Large diameter piles can be defined as piles with diameter of at least 0.76 m (2.5 ft). In bridge foundation, large diameter piles have been used as pier foundations and their use has been increased greatly. In this study, static pile load tests for large diameter piles peformed in Kwangan Grande Bridge construction site were introduced. Also, various sensor installation methods for several types of piles (that is, open-ended steel pipe pile, drilled shafts and socketed pipe piles), pipe axial load measuring method, load transfer analysis method and pile load test results (pile-head load - settlement curve, and pile axial load distribution curve along the pile depth) were introduced.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.443-456
• /
• 2019

Although numerous researchers demonstrated the significant difference in performance between the various beam-to-column connection types, most of the previous studies in the area of infilled steel frames focused on the behaviour of frames with welded connections. Therefore, there is a need for conducting studies on infilled steel frames with other common connection types (extended endplate with and without rib stiffeners, flush endplate and shear connections). In this paper, firstly, a two-dimensional finite-element model simulating the cyclic response of infilled steel frames was presented. The infill-frame interaction, as well as the interactions between connections' components, were properly modelled. Using the previously-validated model, a parametric study on infilled steel frames with five different beam-to-column connection types, under cyclic loading, was carried out. Several parameters, including infill material, fracture energy of masonry and infill thickness, were investigated. The results showed that the infilled frames with welded connections had the highest initial stiffness and load-carrying capacity. However, the infilled frames with extended endplate connections (without rib stiffeners) showed the greatest energy dissipation capacity and about 96% of the load-carrying capacity of frames with welded connections which indicates that this type of connection could have the best performance among the studied connection types. Finally, a simplified analytical model for estimating the stiffness and strength of infilled steel frames (with different beam-to-column connection types) subjected to lateral cyclic loading, was suggested.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The apartment complex constructed recently is composed of very various types of building, plan, and orientation etc. However, it is difficult to remark conclusively that these various types of buildings are designed energy-effectively, since it is difficult for architects to find useful energy design guideline for decision making. By the preceding study, the present condition and problem about this subject was grasped, apartment building types were examined and representative types were extracted. Method: Large apartment building complex having 1940 households, located in haengbok-dosi, sejong city, Korea is used as an example to conduct this study. Representative building types are extracted first. Then, heating and cooling load of households is analyzed. Lastly, effect of outdoor air cooling is investigated by computer simulation. Result: Results of this research are summarized as follows: 1. Besides solar gain, household layout of building, orientation, and plan have compositive effects on heating and cooling load. 2. The effect of outdoor air cooling in apartment can be improved by arranging windows of households.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.561-564
• /
• 2009

In order to reduce damage from natural disasters, prevention activities through analysis and predicting based on meteorological factor and damage data is required. Other countries already have continuously studied on natural disasters and developed reducing disasters damage. But the risk assessment model for natural disaster is not to Korea. Therefore, a previous model of hurricane, Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model(FPHLM), is the basis and is applying to domestic situation. Accordingly, this study introduces the variables selecting process because input variables should be selected under Korea present state and be used. The estimating representative damage method would be necessary along with selecting housing types representing relevant areas because estimating damage amount of all over relevant areas housing was very hard during damage estimating process. But there is no exact representative housing types in the Korea. Therefore, we select housing types applicable to risk assessment model for natural disasters representing the Korea through previous studies and literature reviews. We using ASCE 7-98(Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, 1998) standard which estimated wind load using 3-second gust. ASCE 7-98 divided Main Wind Force Resistance System(MWFRS) and Component and Cladding(C&C) and it estimated wind load. Therefore, we estimate wind load affected by 3-second gust of a typhoon Maemi through calculating wind load process using selected representative detached house types in the process of selecting input variables for previous disaster predict model. The result of houses damage amount is about 230 hundred million won. This values are limit the 1-story detached dwelling, 19~29pyeong(62.81~95.56 $m^2$) of total area and flat roof. Therefore, this process is possible application to other type houses.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.233-256
• /
• 2015

This paper presents an experimental study to assess the effectiveness of using ferrocement to strengthen deficient beam-column joints. Ferrocement is proposed to protect the joint region through replacing concrete cover. Six exterior beam-column joints, including two control specimens and four strengthened specimens, are prepared and tested under constant axial load and quasi-static cyclic loading. Two levels of axial load on column (0.2fc'Ag and 0.4fc'Ag) and two types of skeletal reinforcements in ferrocement (grid reinforcements and diagonal reinforcements) are considered as test variables. Experimental results have indicated that ferrocement as a composite material can enhance the seismic performance of deficient beam-column joints in terms of peak horizontal load, energy dissipation, stiffness and joint shear strength. Shear distortions within the joints are significantly reduced for the strengthened specimens. High axial load (0.4fc'Ag) has a detrimental effect on peak horizontal load for both control and ferrocement-strengthened specimens. Specimens strengthened by ferrocement with two types of skeletal reinforcements perform similarly. Finally, a method is proposed to predict shear strength of beam-column joints strengthened by ferrocement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.72-81
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the soil load for artificial ground on a building's structural expenses. Three types of soil - 100% soil, soil mixed with 50% perlite, and 100% artificial soil - were used for this study. A one story concrete steel building specific to each soil load was designed, and then, the cost of steel and concrete used for the design was estimated. As the result of this study, the structural expenses in the case of 5:5 mixed soil can be reduced about 17% compare with 100% soil. Using artificial soil, the structural expenses can be cut about 32% compare to 100% soil and about 12% less when 5:5 mixed soil is used. However, considering total expense which includes the structural expense and soil expense, the expense of 5:5 mixed soil have an increase 25% compared with 100% soil. In the artificial soil, the total expense is 45% more expensive than 100% soil and 17% higher when 5:5 mixed soil is used because of the high unit price of artificial soil. This study expected substantial savings in structural cost as the soil-load was lightened. But, savings were significantly reduced because the unit price of the artificial soil is much more expensive than the price of the natural one. Therefore, further research on methods of reducing the unit price of the artificial soil should be conducted in order to extend green space on to artificial ground.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.655-672
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prior-knowledge level and supportive information types in web-based learning using 4C/ID model(Four-Components Instructional Design model) on cognitive load and schema acquisition. To achieve the purpose, this study applied a web based learning. 166 university students participated in web-based learning for 4 weeks. After web-based learning, they checked self report for cognitive load and made concept map for schema acquisition and the datum from them were used for 2 ways ANOVA. According to the findings, groups in prior-knowledge level invested significantly differences on cognitive load and a question group in case of supportive information types didn't invested significant differences on cognitive load with statement group. Second, groups in prior-knowledge level invested significantly differences on schema acquisition and a question group in case of supportive information types invested significantly higher schema acquisition than a statement group. Furthermore, it happened interaction effect between supportive information types and prior-knowledge level on schema acquisition. This research has several implications with regard to suggesting the guidelines and conditions for the authentic task of the novice.