• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present basic data which would be applied on the early stage of the architectural design. And that determines the introduction of the atrium by comparing and analysing the environmental performance of atrium building. Method: The building forms are classified into low storied building, middle storied building and high storied building. This study compares and analyses energy performance of the standard building without atrium and the atrium building which has one-side, two-side, three-side, four-side, and linear atrium by measuring of annual heating and cooling load with EnergyPlus. Result: As a result of the analysis of the relative annual heating and cooling load by building type, it is shown that the fluctuation of cooling load in low storied building is large because heat storage in atrium affects building, and the fluctuation of heating load in high storied building is large owing to the effect of external wall area of atrium which makes heat loss. Especially, it indicated the largest annual heating and cooling load in four-side atrium of low storied building, and in one-side atrium of high storied building.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.166-172
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• 1996

This paper presents the characteristics of the crankshaft speed fluctuations. To analyze them, the speed waveforms were measured both at the flywheel and at the front end of the engine. The speed waveform measured at the flywheel shows better result than at the front end one, because of the torsional vibration and the auxiliary components. And the patterns of the speed fluctuations are classified into three region, such as low load, middle load and high load region with the variations of the loads. Additionally, as the engine speeds increase and the loads decrease, the analysis of the speed becomes more difficult due to lower variation of the speed. And in all the regions, the main frequency component of the speed fluctuation is firing frequency.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1996

Frictional characteristics with the change of loading method and normal stiffness at dry sliding surfaces were experimentally and theoretically evaluated in this study. For the study, a ball-on-disk typed test rig was built and implemented, which allowed a proper selection of loading mechanism and normal stiffness of the test rig. Loading method were varied from dead weight to pneumatic cylinder and spring loading, and the normal stiffness was varied by a spring of different stiffness. Test results showed that frictional characteristics at various loading methods were different even though the operating variables were the same. Discrepancy in the frictional characteristics, such as coefficient of friction and fluctuation in the normal load, were explained by the change in dynamic parameters of the test rigs. Results also showed that coefficient of friction, which defines as a ratio of frictional force divided a normal load, could be differently evaluated in the calculation when fluctuation in the normal load was significant.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

A real train load fluctuates along the track because of complicated movements(Bouncing, Rolling, Pitching and Yawing) and rail conditions. This research has for its object in development of a numerical real train load model including fluctuation characteristics of lateral forces. It is based on Klingel movement theory of a wheelset on straight track it presents a propriety of application by comparison between a 3D-Numerical analysis result using this train load model and a measured data. And this paper presents further study subject to improve a method about the train load modeling.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2008

The fluctuation of inlet flow to a water treatment plant makes a serious problem that it can change the outlet flow-rate from each process abruptly, and ultimately occur the detachment of the attached particles inside each unit process. Also, since it takes very short time for the surface wave occurred from the fluctuation of inlet flow to reach the latter processes, it is impossible for operators to cope with that stably. Therefore this study was conducted to suggest the methodology for accurately predicting the travel time of surface wave occurred from the fluctuation of inlet flow to reach the latter process. Through the experiment, which was carried out for the full-scale water treatment plants(capacity : 2,000m3/d), it could be confirmed that the flow rate fluctuation from equalization tank produce the surface wave. And the wave transfer velocity is a function of the hydraulic radius and the length of each open type tanks which are comprised in the latter processes.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.196-208
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• 2015

This study analyzed the characteristics of sewer flow and its water quality, and investigated changes in the characteristics in three areas where the sewer rehabilitation projects have been carried out. In S1 area, the patterns of the flow became regular and the range of the fluctuation decreased after the sewer rehabilitation. The flow and its BOD concentration increased. The infiltration/inflow and exfiltration showed clear distinction before and after the sewer rehabilitation in this area. In S2 area, the patterns and the range of the fluctuation of the flow made no differences before and after the sewer rehabilitation. The flow decreased slightly and its BOD concentration increased considerably after the sewer rehabilitation. Big decrement in stormwater inflow but small in exfiltration appeared in this area. In S3 area, the patterns and the range of the fluctuation of the flow made no differences before and after the sewer rehabilitation. The flow decreased slightly and its BOD concentration increased in a small rate in this area.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

IEC 61000-3-7 provides guidance for limiting flicker and enabling the connection of fluctuating load installations, that is, producing flicker in MV, HV and EHV power systems. In Korea, the flicker have been restricted by Japanese standard of ${\Delta}V_{10}$ method. ${\Delta}V_{10}$ was developed only for arc furnaces in 1960's. And now it is revealed that it is not suitable for application to other fluctuating load installations through many researches. $P_{st}$ which is a flicker index used in IEC 61000-3-7, indicates visual inconvenience due to voltage fluctuation across large range of frequency and can be applied to fluctuating load installations as well as arc furnaces. In this paper, we introduce how to calculate and assess flicker emission level for the individual fluctuating load installations connected in EHV system and how to manage the emission levels in the power system according to IEC 61000-3-7.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

For the reliability evaluation of the track drive unit(TDU), firstly, we analyzed the major failure modes through FMEA(failure mode & effects analysis), FTA(failure tree analysis), and 2-stage QFD(quality function deployment), and then quantitatively determined the priority order of test items. The Minitab analysis was also performed for prediction of life distribution and parameters of TDU by use of field failure data collected from 430 excavators for two years. In addition, we converted the fluctuation load in field conditions into the equivalent load, and for evaluation of the accelerated lift by the cumulative fatigues, the equivalent load is again divided into the fluctuation load by reference of test time. And then, by use of the test method in this paper, the acceleration factor(AF) of needle bearing inside planetary gear which is the most weakly designed part of TDU is achieved as 5.3. This paper presents the quantitative selection method of test items for reliability evaluation, the determination method of the accelerated life test time, and the method of non-failure test time based on a few of samples. And, we proved the propriety of the proposed methods by experiments using a TDU for a 30 ton excavator.

• 전기의세계
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1975

This paper describes the results of a study for the stability of power system when the Kori Nuclear #1 P/P is operated with existing system. First, a transient disturbance, which effects the stability of entire power system, was analysed and to cope with the problem a load shedding method was studied to recover the fluctuation of the power system. Second, transient stability problem was studied when three phase fault occurs in 345 Extra High Voltage power System, and from this result, it was found to be highly effective that high speed protecting device should be provided and operated to recover the fault.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2014

Industrial Static Var Generator (SVG) is typically applied at or near the load center to mitigate voltage fluctuation, flicker, phase unbalance, non-sine distortion or other load-related disturbance. Special attention is paid to the influence of grid voltage quality on SVG current, the non-sine distortion and unbalance of grid voltage causes not only the AC current distortion and unbalance but also the DC voltage fluctuation. In order to let the inverter voltage contain the fundamental negative sequence and harmonic component corresponding to the grid voltage, a new dual-loop control scheme is proposed to suppress the influence in this paper. The harmonic and negative sequence voltage decomposition algorithm and DC voltage control are also introduced. All these analyses can guide the practical applications. The simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the present control strategy and analyses.