• Title/Summary/Keyword: Lm

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THE ACCURACY ACCORDING TO THE VARIOUS DOWEL PINS OF WORKING CAST WITH REMOVABLE DIES (가철성 다이를 가진 작업모형에서 다우엘 핀의 종류에 따른 정확도에 관한 연구)

  • Lim, Ju-Hwan
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.373-384
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    • 1997
  • In this study, 4 types of dowel pin were used to fabricate removable dies using the Pindex system. The comparison of interabutment distances between before and after sawing were conducted in each type of dowel pin, and the horizontal discrepancies in the interabutment distance according to the abutment location and the type of dowel pin were comparatively analyzed. Abutments LM(left molar), LP(left premolar), A(anterior), RP(right premolar), and RM (right molar) were used for measurement. The interabutment distances were measured between each abutment : LM-LP, LM-A, LM-RP, and LM-RM. The slide scanned image of each model was magnified on the computer screen and the measurements were conducted using the meeting point of the cross on the occlusal surface of each abutment. The results were as follows : 1. In the comparison of interabutment distances between before and after sawing in each type of dowel pin, there was no significant difference in World dowel pin(double), Bi-pin(double), Maxcel dowel pin(single). In the World dowel pin(single) there was no significant difference between LM-LPs, but in the other measurements (LM-As, LM-RPs, and LM-RMs) there was significant difference between before and after sawing(p<0.05). 2. In comparison of horizontal discrepancies of the measurement according to the abutment location, there was significant difference between measurement LM-LP($0.27{\pm}0.19mm$) and the others : LM-A($0.46{\pm}0.20mm$), LM-RP($0.38{\pm}0.25mm$), LM-RM($0.45{\pm}0.22mm$) (p<0.05). 3. In comparison of horizontal discrepancies of the measurement according to the type of dowel, there was no significant difference between each dowel. As a result when fabricating a removable die using the previously mentioned 4 types of dowel pins, it is thought that the horizontal discrepancy increased in proportion to the interabutment span length and does not depend on the type of dowel pin.

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Antibiotic Resistance and R Plasmids in Edwardsiella tarda (양만장 사육조에서 분리한 Edwardsiella tarda의 약제 내성과 R Plasmid)

  • Choi, Min-Soon;Kim, Young-Gill
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 1994
  • A total 103 strains of Edwardsiella tarda was isolated from eel culture-ponds and examined for drug resistance, distribution and transferabilities of R plasmids. The drugs used were lincomycin(LM), penicillin(PM), sulfamethazine(SF), sulfadimethoxine(SD), cephalosprin(CP), chloramphenicol(CH), streptomycin(SM), oxytetracycline(OT), ampicillin(AP), oxolinic acid(OA), kanamycin(KM), amikacin(AK), gentamicin(GM) and enrofloxacin(EF). Two strains were resistant to the all drugs used, and all isolates were multiply resistant to drugs(at least 8 among 14 drugs), mostly restricted to LM(103 strains), PM(103 strains), SD(103 strains), SF(103 strains), CP(102 strains), CM(101 strains), SM(100 strains), OT(94 strains), AM(92 strains), OA(80 strains), KM(60 strains), AK(30 strains), GM(19 strains) and EF(14 strains), in combination at high degree showing 34 different drug resistant patterns. The most frequently encountered patterns were LM PM SD SF CP CH SM OT AP OA KM(22 strains, 22.4%) followed by LM PM SD SF CP CH SM OT AP OT(12 strains, 11.7%). LM PM SD SF CP CH SM OT AP(7 strains, 6.8%), LM PM SD SF CP CH SM OT AP OA KM AK GM(6 strains, 5.8%) and LM PM SD SF CP CH SM OT AM OX KM AK GM(6 strains, 5.8%). Transfer experiment of drug resistance showed that of 103 resistant strains, 100 strains(97%) transferred part or all resistance to all drugs, indicating that most isolates carried conjugally transferrable R plasmids determining multiple drugs. The most frequently observed transferarble R plasmids were LM PM SD SF CP CH SM OT AP OA(10 strains), LM PM SD SF CP CH SM OT AP OX KM(7 strains) and LM PM SD SF CP CH AP OA(7 strains). These results sugested that eel culture-ponds were highly contaminated with different strains of Edwardsiella tarda, and that contaminated bacteria might be highly multiple resistant strains to drugs, carring transferable R plasmids.

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Study on potential environmental risk of virus resistant LM plants using co-inoculation of Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (ZGMMV와 CMV 동시 접종을 통한 바이러스 저항성 LM 식물의 잠재적 환경 위해성 연구)

  • Song, Hae-Ryong;Kim, Taesung;Kim, Sun-Jung;Kim, Yong-Hyun;Kim, Ki-Jeong;Chung, Hyen-Mi;Choi, Hee Lak;Yoon, Junheon
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.125-134
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    • 2013
  • Plant virus coat (CP) gene-mediated protection is one of the best known approaches to protect against virus resistant transgenic plants. Transgenic N. benthamiana plants containing the CP gene of Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) were used for the environmental risk assessment of the living modified (LM) plants with plant virus resistance. The most optimal co-infection method of both ZGMMV and CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) on Non-LM and CP-expressing LM tobacco plants was established and co-infection of CMV and ZGMMV was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To address the effects of LM tobacco plants on the mutation of the virus, in-vitro transcripts of CP and Replicase (Rep) derived from CMV and/or ZGMMV were inoculated onto Non-LM or LM tobacco plants. Mutation frequency of CP and Rep from CMV and ZGMMV was examined through six serial passages in Non-LM and LM tobacco plants. Little actual frequency of mutation was estimated, probably due to the limited number of transgenic plants tested in this study. However, it does not suggest environmental safety of these CP-mediated LM plants. Further study at a larger scale is needed to evaluate the environmental risk associated with the CP-expressing LM plants.

The Differences between Luminal Microbiota and Mucosal Microbiota in Mice

  • Wu, Minna;Li, Puze;Li, Jianmin;An, Yunying;Wang, Mingyong;Zhong, Genshen
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.287-295
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    • 2020
  • The differences between luminal microbiota (LM) and mucosal microbiota (MAM) were little known, especially in duodenum. In this study, LM and MAM in colon and duodenum of mice were investigated through 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The lowest bacterial diversity and evenness were observed in duodenal LM (D_LM), followed by duodenal MAM (D_MAM). Meanwhile, the bacterial diversity and evenness were obviously increased in D_MAM than these in D_LM, while no significant difference was observed between colonic MAM (C_MAM) and colonic LM (C_LM). PCoA analysis also showed that bacterial communities of LM and MAM in duodenum were completely separated, while these in colon overlapped partly. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) in D_MAM was significantly higher than that in D_LM. Lactobacillus was largely enriched and was the characteristic bacteria in D_LM. The characteristic bacteria in D_MAM were Turicibacter, Parasutterella, Marvinbryantia and Bifidobacterium, while in C_LM they were Ruminiclostridium_6, Ruminiclostridium_9, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_007 and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010, and in C_MAM they were Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, Mucispirillum, Alistipes, Ruminiclostridium and Odoribacter. The networks showed that more interactions existed in colonic microbiota (24 nodes and 74 edges) than in duodenal microbiota (17 nodes and 29 edges). The 16S rDNA function prediction results indicated that bigger differences of function exist between LM and MAM in duodenum than these in colon. In conclusion, microbiota from intestinal luminal content and mucosa were different both in colon and in duodenum, and bacteria in colon interacted with each other much more closely than those in duodenum.

Extract of Listeria monocytogenes Induces the Apoptosis on the Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells, HL-60 Cells (Listeria monocytogenes에 의해 HL-60 cell의 세포고사 유도 효과 규명)

  • Yang, Eun-Ju;Kim, Dong-Hyun;Chang, Jeong-Hyun
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.339-348
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    • 2012
  • Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. Although all-trans retionic acid (ATRA) is the agents for ALP therapy, there are various side effects. For overcome this problem, we need the development of new therapeutic agents for APL. A number of bacteria produce various virulence factors with cytotoxic effects on human cancer cells. To understand the anti-cancer effect of Listeria monocytogenes on APL, we examined alteration of the cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60 cells. The cell supernatant (LmSup) and the extract of L. monocytogenes (LmE) inhibited the cell viability and induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. These cytotoxic effect of LmSup and LmE mediated by modulation of cell cycle and ROS production. These results indicate that released or included bacterial molecules from L. monocytogenes have a cytotoxicity in HL-60 cells. Therefore, LmSup and LmE may be used as the potential target for the treatment of cancer induced by HL-60 cells.

Effects of Application Method of Pig Compost and Liquid Pig Manure on Yield of Whole Crop Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Chemical Properties of Soil in Gyehwa Reclaimed Land (계화간척지에서 돈분뇨 퇴.액비 시용이 청보리 (Hordeum vulgare L.) 수량 및 토양화학성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Sang-Bok;Cho, Kwang-Min;Baik, Nam-Hyun;Lee, Jung-Jun;Oh, Young-Jin;Park, Tail-Il;Kim, Kee-Jong
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2011
  • In order to develop the application method of pig compost (PC) and liquid manure (LM) for whole crop barley cultivation, experiments were conducted at Munpo series (coarse loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Typic Fluvaquents) soil in Gyehwa-reclaimed land, six plots, a LM applied rate as N% ; non-application, chemical fertilizer (CF)100, 100, 50+50, 50+CF50 and (PC30+LM40)+LM50 as basal and additional fertilizer. $NO_3^-$-N content in soil was decreased as along with the growth of plant, highest in LM100% as basal fertilization at early growth stage and highest in (PC30%+LM40%)+LM40% and CF100% at last growth stage. Amount of $NO_3^-$-N and $NH_4^+$-N in soil was high in (PC30%+LM40%)+LM40% and CF100% of top soil but in subsoil significant difference was little in all treatment. Amount of OM, $A_V.P_2O_5$, T-N, exchangeable Ca and Na in soil was higher (PC30%+LM40%)+LM40% than non-application after harvest. Amount of nutrient uptake in plant was higher in CF100% and split application of LM than LM 100% application. Nitrogen utilization rate was in the order of CF100% >LM50%+LM50%=LM50%+CF50%>(PC30%+LM40%)+LM40% >LM100%. The yield of whole crop barley in (PC30%+LM40%)+LM40% and CF100% was 3.2 times more than in non-application ($309kg\;10a^{-1}$). Feed values such as crude protein and TDN was increased 1.0% ~ 1.4% in LM as split application than basal 100% treatment. Accordingly, in order to increase yield of a whole crop barley with application PC+LM in reclaimed land treat split application rather than to treat LM 100% into the land.

Epidemiological properties of salmonellosis of poultry farms in Kyongbuk province at recent year (최근 경북지역의 양계농장에서 발생한 salmonellosis의 역학적 특성)

  • 오강희;박노찬;김영환;조민희;이준규;신상희;손재권;정종식
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.45-59
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    • 2000
  • The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological properties of salmonellosis of poultry farms in Kyongbuk province during the relied from November 1998 to November 1999 And antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical characteristics of 120 Salmonella cultures isolated from chicken samples were also investigated. The results obtained through this study were summarized as follows, 1. Among 667,200 chickens of 31 flocks in 17 layer farms and 9 broiler farms, 61,350 chickens of 31 flocks were died with salmonellosis. The death rate of 25 farms varied from 0.1% to 75.0%, and the average death rate was 9.2%. 2. According to etiological agents, fowl typhoid was shown the most predominant outbreak among the salmonellosis during a year, which accounted for 8R.0%(22/25) of the total case 3. The serotypes of 120 Salmonella isolates were identified as 7 strains(5.8%) of S pullorum, 10 strains(8.4%) of S typhimurium and 103 strains(85.8%) of S gallinarum. 4. Most outbreak of fowl typhoid were prevalent on the layer chicken farms(77.1%), and the summer season(45.5%) also appeared the most hazardous season during the year. 5. It seemed that the Hyline breed(70.6%) was the most susceptible among the layer chicken breeds, and followed by Isabrown(23.5%), Tetra(5.9%) in order. 6. In layers, 76.4% of fowl typhoid occurred commonly from 14 to 40 weeks including the early laying peroid, but in broiler farms, all cases was outbreak within first second weeks. 7 All the strains of S pullorum were resistant to lincomycin(Lm), penicillin(Pm), and steptomycin(Sm), but sensitive to amikacin(Ak), ampicillin(Am), cephalothin(Ce), ciprofloxacin (CiP), chloramphenicol(Cm), colistin(Co), enrofloxacin(Enr), furazolidone(Fu), gentamicin(Gm), kanamycin(Km), neomycin(Nm), polymyxin(Po), and teracycline(Tc). All the strains of S typhimurium were resistant to Lm(100%), Pm(100%), Po(90%), and Sm(90%), but were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, CiP, Cm, Co, Enr, Fu, Gm, Km, Nm, and Tc. 8. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 103 strains of S gallinarum were also evaluated and their patterns were much more variable than others. All the strains of S gallinarum were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, Cip, Cm, Enr, Fu, Km, and Nm, but resistant to Lm(100%), and Sm(100%), 99(96.1%) to Co, 83(80.6%) to Pm, and 83(80.6%) to Po, 55(53.4%) to Gm, and 33(32.0%) to Tc. 9. The multiple drug resistance patterns of 120 Salmonella strains were CoLmPmPo Sm pattern(34.2%), CoGmLmPmPoSmTc(20.8%), CoGmLmPmPoSm(13.3%), CoGmLmSm(7.5%), LmPmSm(7.5%), LmPm(6.7%), CoLmSmTc(3.3%),, CoGmLmSmTc(1.7%), GmLmSmTc(1.7%), CoGmLmPoSm(0.1%), LmPmPo(0.1%), CoLm Sm(0.1%), and LmSm(0.1%), in order.

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Vulcanization and Mechanical Properties of High Molecular Weight Slyrene-Butadiene Rubber/Low Molecular weight Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Mixtures (고분자량 스티렌-부타디엔 고무와 저분자량 스티렌-부타디엔 고무 혼합물의 가황과 기계적 물성)

  • Lee, Hwa-Woo;Kim, Byeong-Cheol;Hong, Suk-Pyo;Lee, Dai-Soo
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.121-127
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    • 1999
  • Characteristics of high molecular weight styrene-butadiene rubber(HM-SBR)/low molecular weight styrene-butadiene rubber(LM-SBR) mixtures were studied to investigate how to modify the processability and the mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). Mooney viscosity of the HM-SBR/LM-SBR mixtures and torque increase due to the vulcanization decreased by increasing the LM-SBR content of the mixtures. Shore A hardness and rebound properties were decreased by increasing the LM-SBR content of the mixtures. It was found that the value of tan ${\delta}$ of the mixtures in rubbery state was increased, while glass transition temperatures of the vulcanized blends were constant by increasing the LM-SBR content of the mixtures. It was postulated that the decrease of Mooney viscosity by increasing the LM-SBR content of the blends was due to plasticizing effects of the LM-SBR and the increased polydispersity of the mixtures. Change of mechanical properties of the vulcanized HM-SBR/LM-SBR mixtures was attributed to the decreased crosslink densities of the mixtures by increasing the LM-SBR content of the mixtures.

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A Computational Modeling Reflecting Static and Dynamic Characteristics of LM Bearings for Machine Tools (공작기계 LM 베어링의 정동적 특성을 반영하는 전산 모델링)

  • Kim, Hye-Yeon;Jeong, Jong-Kyu;Won, Jong-Jin;Jeong, Jay-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.29 no.10
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    • pp.1062-1069
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    • 2012
  • This paper suggests a computational modeling to reflect static/dynamic characteristics of LM bearings. A theoretical study for modeling LM bearings is elucidated by using the Hertz contact theory, the Lagrange's equation of motion, normal mode analysis and a calculation of equivalent moment center. The complex geometry of LM bearings is replaced by a simplified model with eight springs only. The suggested model reflects static and dynamic characteristics of LM bearings without any consideration for the shape of the bed or stages on the LM bearings. The modal experimental results are compared to the simulation results with the suggested computational modeling. The difference between the experiments and simulation is calculated less than 8%.

A proposal of binary sequence generator, Threshold Clock-Controlled LM-128 (클럭 조절 방식의 임계 클럭 조절형 LM-128 이진 수열 발생기 제안)

  • Jo, Jung-bok
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.1104-1109
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    • 2015
  • Due to the rapid growth in digital contents, it is important for us to design a high speed and secure encryption algorithm which is able to comply with the existing and future needs. This paper proposes an alternative approach for self-decimated LM-128 summation sequence generator, which will generate a higher throughput if compared to the conventional generator. We design and implement a threshold clock-controlled LM-128 and prove that it has a lower clock cycle and hence giving a higher key stream generation speed. The proposed threshold clock-control LM-128 generator consists of 256 bits inner state with 128 bits secret key and initialization vector. The cipher achieves a security level of 128 bits to be adapted to the digital contents security with high definition and high quality.