• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to determine the risk factors for recurrent fallers (2+falls) compared to single fallers. Methods: Participants were 104 community-dwelling people 65 yr of age or older. The data were collected from June 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009 using the Residential Assessment Instrument-Home Care. Results: Over the past 90 days, 55.7% of the 104 participants fell once, and 44.2% experienced recurrent falls (2+falls). In comparison of recurrent fallers with single fallers, there were significant differences in scores on the following factors: gender ($X^2$=4.22, p=.040), age ($X^2$=5.74, p=.017), educational level ($X^2$=5.22, p=.022), living arrangements ($X^2$=35.02, p<.001), cardiovascular diseases ($X^2$=17.10, p<.001), hypertension ($X^2$=4.43, p=.035), diabetes mellitus ($X^2$=4.44, p=.035), glaucoma ($X^2$=13.95, p<.001), Minimal Data Set (MDS)-Pain (t=-2.56, p=.012), fear of falling ($X^2$=4.08, p=.034), reduced vision (t=-3.06, p=.003), MDS-activity of daily living (t=3.46, p=.001), MDS-Instrumental Activities of daily living (t=3.24, p=.002), cognition (MDS-Cognition Performance Scale) (t=3.40, p=.001), and 'difficulties entering and leaving the house' ($X^2$=4.53, p=.033). Conclusion: It is important to assess the risk factors for recurrent falls and develop differentiated strategies that will help prevent recurrent falls. Additionally, utilizing a standardized tool, such as RAI-HC, would help health professionals assess multi-variate fall risk factors to facilitate comparisons of different community care settings.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.229-240
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• 2016

Academic resilience of individual competencies that have overcome fatal or chronic adversity seen as a excessive threat in academic scene is the psychological ability to overcome stress. This study is a survey research carried try to identify the factors that affect the academic resilience of nursing students. Interpersonal communication competence and happiness to target the nursing students of the total 554 people to investigate the effect on the academic resilience, were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0. The main results are as follows. (1) academic resilience could vary depending on the grade, living arrangements, Interpersonal relationship, personality and academic performance. (2) academic resilience had a positive correlation with interpersonal communication competence(r=.46, p<.001) and happiness(r=.35, p<.001). (3) factors that had significant impact on academic resilience of nursing students were grade(p=.002), living arrangements(p=.001), academic performance(p<.001), interpersonal communication competence(p<.001) and happiness(p<.001) and explanatory power was 36.9%. Through this study, interpersonal communication competence and happiness were identified as having the positive effect on academic resilience. As a follow-up, in order to improve academic resilience, a study to develop programs that would promote interpersonal communication competence and happiness are suggested.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.278-283
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• 2009

This study aims to figure out the old people's needs for modification of their housing to maintain an independent lifestyle despite their health status and living arrangements. The total of 438 residents take part in the questionnaire survey research through the quota sampling method grouped by age (60-64 group, 65-69 group, 70-74 group, and over 75 group), sex (male and female), and house type (apartment houses and others). The results are as follows. (1) The old people's most inspired modification needs in interior spaces are remodeling the heating controls in the living room and the bedroom, ventilation facilities and storage spaces in the kitchen, non-slip tile flooring and ventilation facilities in bathroom, an easy door-lock, non-slip tile flooring, a draft cut-off, and storage spaces in the entrance. Besides they require emergency alarm, easy door and window locks, fire and gas alarm, and furniture with easy handling. It is necessary to supply the aged with the appropriate heating controls for their sensitivity to heat, with enough storage spaces for the increased possessions, and with diverse safety systems reflected blunting of mobility and sensibility. (2) As they grow older, the aged require more remote controls and safety facilities such as emergency alarm, easy locks and furniture with distinguishable colors. Male elderly is more concerned with safety, while female elderly do with convenience due to their different time spending in the house. The elderly residents in the apartment houses require the heating controls, a draft cut-off, and storage space less than other types of houses. Thus modification of the heating controls, a draft cut-off, and storage space are regards as basic needs for the elderly residents in non-apartment houses.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 1981

Generation of Solid Wastes grew rapidly with the increase of living standard of the people in Korea recently and their composition was more complicate. The weight of Solid wastes generated in Seoul into year of 1979 was about 420 million tons which required 1.5 million $m^2$ of burial land and daily generation for person was 1.6kg. The Composition of more than 80% ash contents was suitable for sanitary landfill but recently ash was decreasing while paper, synthetic materials, glass etc, increasing and alternative method had to be found to dispose the wastes properly. Weight and Composition of Wastes by season and living standard were surveyed for one year from June 1980 to May 1981 in Seoul. Disposal mathods by waste composition was studied. Results were summarized as follows: 1) Each component stored separately at generation point was to be collected and to be reused or disposed by public organization or private company. Some incentives have to be arranged. 2) Wastes collected from household were transfeted to about 420 temporally storing places and transported to two dumping areas by about 700, 4-8 tons trucks which droped litters on the streets. Large dumping lots should constructed along the western coasts and the wastes would be transported through big container trucks or trains to the lots. 3) Ash contents decreased to 40-70% while garbage, synthetic materials, paper increased and they are two to three times in summer of those in winter. Ash in affluent residential areas is less than 50% of whole wastes while that in poor apartment and residential areas is 60-70%. 4) Large dumping places should be constructed along the western coasts which are not far from Seoul because no suitalbe lands are available, and proper leakage protection arrangements should be made.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

This study is aimed to discover the deciding factors in senior employment programs for improving the quality of life for the elderly. The dependent variable used in this study was the quality of elderly persons. Personal and familial characteristics, and the community involvement of the elderly were used as independent variables in a Multiple Regression analysis. First, the most influential factor encouraging the elderly to participate in a senior employment promotion program was previous experience of senior employment programs. Second, health condition, residence in city areas, experience of volunteer work, and knowledge of senior employment programs had positive effects on the continuous participation of the elderly men and women. However, living arrangements had an effect solely on elderly men, and home ownership and participation in economic activities had effects solely on elderly women. Third, the life quality of the elderly was affected differently by sex. Health condition had the greatest effect on male elderly persons, whereas, the effective variable, the composition of the family had the most effect on female elderly persons. Thus, active campaigns through various mass media and information sessions are needed to promote participation in senior employment programs, according to the above mentioned deciding factors. In particular infrastructure providing the elderly with more volunteer work opportunity needs to be built for baby boomers to improve their quality of life. In addition, diversified senior employment programs are needed. Because the elderly living in city areas are more willing to participate in senior employment programs, specialized programs suitable for the elderly in city areas are needed. The government should also prepare programs that help the elderly stay healthy while they are working.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2016

Objectives: This study is purpose to recognition the of smoking behavior and the electronic cigarette of university students have a current smoking. Methods: The subjects were university living in Busan, the survey was conducted from March 23 to April 12, 2015, 314 except for 24 copies of non-response and error response among a total of 340 questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analysis methods used in this study are $x^2$-test, Linear Regression Analysis and other basic statistics such frequency, percentage using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Electronic cigarette has been analyzed to be recognized non smoking, smoking reduces, good health than conventional cigarettes, convenient to use, there is no smell, can smoke in any place and as safe. Gender, grade, non smoking experience, non smoking and accept factors were analyzed to influence the use of electronic cigarettes. Conclusions: We suggest an established institutional arrangements and regulations, take advantage of various health programs development, and ongoing health education.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.101-111
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the indiscriminate development occuring as a result of high-density land use per lot in residential areas of Seoul, which mainly consist of detached houses. The primary goals of this study were: (1) to suggest a block unit development method as an alternative architectural method of the current uniform development, in which high-rise and high-density apartments are usually built; and (2) to check the feasibility of the suggested method. Based on the analyses of the existing block composition types of residential areas, the prerequisite planning indices for applying a collective housing model were investigated. Subsequent to applying a collective housing type within each unit block, the collective housing model was analyzed. The results of the analyses showed that indiscriminate development was rampant in detached urban houses areas, and more than 70% of the buildings constructed before the 1980s needed re-development. The feasibility of the models was investigated depending on the models of low-rise and high-density collective housing, which utilize various block arrangements such as the court type, linear type, villa type, and composite type. The results of this study showed that the newly applied low-rise and highdensity multiple dwelling housing model in urban individual residential area significantly contributed to creating a good living environment in terms of both physical and psychological aspects.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.211-223
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• 2013

Massive migration is underway in rapidly urbanizing Guangzhou, the south gate of P. R. China. Over half the migrants choose to rent in "villages-in-the-city" in the downtown area because of the low-cost and prime location. The overpopulation and resulting poor environment and high crime-rate turn villages-in-the-city into de facto ghettos. As a result, these ghettos are undergoing a manner of demolition-development, leaving migrants' housing needs unmet. A private-sector initiative-the Tulou Commune-intends to address this considerable market potential. Targeting low-income groups, the Tulou Commune creates a socio-spatially exclusionary enclave. This paper analyzes the Tulou Commune and the implications if more low-income migrants shifting from village-in-the-city (excluded ghetto) to Tulou Commune (exclusionary enclave). This study argues that the intervention of the private sector causes the demographic, social, and spatial similarities and differences of the two living arrangements. Socioeconomic and institutional factors also affect the initiative. This study also provides more empirical evidence in the field of low-cost housing and socio-spatial development in transitional Chinese cities. As the first project of its kind, the analysis of the case can suggest how to improve strategies for accommodating migrants in the future.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to analyze correlations between depression, cognitive function, oral health state, ability to perform activities of daily living, oral dryness symptoms, and oral health-related quality of life, and determine factors influencing the latter. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on questionnaires completed by 260 participants with suspected dementia, residing in South Korea. Psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and dental hygienists visited clinics in the participating regions for examination and questionnaire administration. General characteristics, the geriatric depression scale, ability to perform activities of daily living, cognitive function, oral health state, and oral health-related quality of life were analyzed. Independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted, identifying factors affecting oral health-related quality of life. Data analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., USA), and the significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Approximately 65.0% of participants were female, 63.5% were in their 70s, and 90.0% had health insurance. About 21.5%, 42.0%, and 36.5% were normal, slightly impaired, and had dementia, respectively. High cognitive impairment was associated with poor oral health. Sex, education levels, marital status, and living arrangements influenced oral health-related quality of life. According to the regression analysis, geriatric depression and oral dryness affected the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index scores. Conclusion: In conclusion, oral dryness and depression levels among elders influenced oral health-related quality of life. The results showed that to enhance elders' oral health-related quality of life, it is essential to not only improve their oral health state, but also relieve oral health problems, especially oral dryness, and take into consideration their psychological aspects.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.57-85
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• 2010

Using the Survey of Wisconsin Works Families, the survey of the Child Support Demonstration Evaluation (CSDE) project in Wisconsin, this study examines whether the family structures of nonresident fathers and resident mothers are associated with nonresident fathers' economic contributions, measured by the level of informal support provided to their children living in the mothers' households. Findings show that the level of informal support is associated with not only individual and economic characteristics of nonresident fathers and resident mothers, but also family structures and institutional factors such as child support arrangements and the CSDE experiment. Both mothers' repartnering with another man and fathers' repartnering with another woman are negatively associated with the level of informal support. Fathers who lived together with mothers when their children were born provide more informal support than do fathers who did not. Fathers' multiple partner fertility is not associated with the level of informal support provided. Among fathers who have children with multiple partners, fathers provide more informal support to their children born by their first partner. Fathers who have multiple children with the mother of the focal child provide more informal support. Fathers who have other biological children living elsewhere provide less informal support. Fathers who pay higher levels of formal child support also provide higher levels of informal support. Fathers associated mothers assigned to the CSDE experiment group provide more informal support. The findings suggest that child support programs may increase informal support, thereby improving the well-being of resident mothers and their children living in poverty.