• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.831-836
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• 2006

This study compared the effects of two levels of crude protein (CP) supplementation during a close-up dry period on the productive performance, nitrogen balance, and blood profiles of Holstein cows. Eighteen cows (8 primigravid and 10 multiparous), 21 days prior to calving, were divided into four groups and fed a diet containing a low (11.5 to 12.7% CP) or high (14.1 to 15.3% CP) level of protein. Following parturition, all cows were offered the same diet. Nitrogen balance was measured 12 d to 10 d prior to the expected calving date. Whole feces and urine were collected. The higher close-up CP did not improve milk production during the early lactation period (14 w) in multiparous cows but tended to increase production by 2 kg of milk per day in primigravid cows. There were no differences in the weight of calves, the weight of the placenta, or the incidence of calving difficulty. Nitrogen intake, urine nitrogen and nitrogen retention were increased by the higher CP diet in primigravid and multiparous cows. All groups of cows showed a positive nitrogen balance. In particular, higher nitrogen retention was observed in primigravid cows fed the higher CP diet. With the exception of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), non of the blood profiles were influenced by the CP level. The higher close-up CP increased the PUN during the period studied in primigravid and multiparous cows. These results indicate that a CP level of 14% during a close-up dry period is optimal for primigravid cows, and 12% CP level is sufficient for multiparous cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2005

An attempt was made to analyze the factors affecting mating performance of rams in pen mating systems. Due to many types of social interactions, mating performance of rams may decrease or increase. Six intact Muzaffarnagari rams were used and divided into three dominant subordinate pairs by food and ewe competition test. For dominant rams subordinate ram became competitor and vice versa. In the first experiment, ram was exposed to ewe but the competitor ram was kept outside the pen with the facility of visibility only. In the second experiment each ram was exposed to ewe along with the competitor ram and in third experiment ram was exposed to ewes (two) along with competitor ram in observation pen. Recordings of different mating and agonistic behaviour were done in all the experiments. It was found that subordinate ram's mating behaviour was inhibited by mere presence of a dominant ram out side without physical contact. However, when ram exposed to oestrus ewe(s) along with competitor ram, both dominant and subordinate rams spent much of their time in guarding activities instead of mating. In addition dominant ram tried to curtail the subordinate ram mating by agonistic interaction like fight and butting. Different guarding activities were observed either as active or passive type depending on level of dominanace. It was concluded that in a limited space the interaction of two or more rams might affect the number of services adversely.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.539-543
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• 2013

Male cattle calves (n=24), 9-12 months age, with an average body weight of 120 {\pm} 20 kg were fed total mixed rations (TMR) for 120 days to determine their growth performance. Animals were divided into four groups (six of each breed): Crossbred (Friesian${\times}$Sahiwal), Dhanni, Lohani, and Cholistani. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance techniques under a completely randomized design. The average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), and dressing percentage ranged from 639-892 g/d, 0.105-0.155 kg/kg, and 51.2-51.5%, respectively, in the different breeds. The ADG and FE did not differ between the Crossbred, Dhanni, and Lohani breeds, but these values were lower in Cholistani calves (P<0.05). The dressing percentage was similar in all breeds. The highest increase in body height was observed in Dhanni calves, but heart girth was obviously higher in Lohani calves. The feed cost per kg gain was higher for Cholistani calves but similar among Crossbred, Dhanni, and Lohani calves (P>0.05). In conclusion, Dhanni, Lohani, and Crossbred calves possess the promising potential for beef production under the rainfed (Barani) conditions of the Punjab.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2003

육용종계 육성기의 체중조절 방법이 산란기의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여, 갓 부화한 아바 에이커 암평아리 540수를 3처리구 3반복, 반복당 60수씩 총 540수를 평사에 공시하여 64주간 실행하였다. 처리구는 아바 에이커 사양표준에서 성장단계별로 권장하는 체중에 도달하는 방법(Control), 12주령 체중을 Control보다 10% 높게 성장시킨 후 20주령에 Control과 동일하게 도달하는 방법(T1), 12주령 체중을 Control.보다 10% 낮게 성장시킨 후 20주령에 Control과 동일하게 도달하는 방법(T2)으로 하였다. 초산일령은 T2에서 Control과 T1에 비하여 0.3~1.0일 지연되었다. 그리고 총산란율은 Control, T1, T2에서 각각 61.1, 61.6, 63.5%로 처리구간에 통계적인 차이는 없었지만 T2에서 다른 시험구에 비하여 1.9~2.2% 향상되었다. 평균 난중은 Control, T1, T2에서 각각 63.6, 64.2, 63.4g으로T1에서 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 37주령의 입란대비 수정율은 Control, T1, T2에서 각각 97.8, 97.2, 98.3%로 육성기 사육전기(0~12주령)에 체중을 억제하였다가 사육후기(13~20주령)에 증체시켜 목표체중에 도달시킨 T2에서 가장 높았으며, 부화율은 89.7, 87.2, 88.6%로 Control,에서 가장 높았지만 처리구간에 유의차는 없었다. 수정율은 53주령에 Control, T1, T2에서 각각 94.3, 94.8, 95.2% 였으며, 부화율은 각각 80.7, 83.6, 85.7%로 사육전기에 체중을 억제하였다가 사육후기에 증체시켜 목표체중에 도달시킨 ,T2에서 다른 시험구에 비하여 수정율과 부화율이 높은 경향을 보였지만 통계적인 유의차는 보이지 않았다. 종란 생산수는 전기에 체중을 억제하였다가 후기에 중체시켜 목표체중에 도달시킨 T2에서 167.9개로 다른 체중 조절 방법보다 9.9~10.6개 많이 생산하였으며, 초생추 생산수 수도 다른 시험구에 비하여 11.0~12.1수를 더 많이 생산하였으나 처리구간에 유의차는 보이지 않았다. 이러한 시험결과 육용종계의 생산성을 개선하려면 사육전기(0~12주령)에 제중을 억제하였다가 사육후기 (13~20주령)에 체중을 증가시켜 목표체중에 도달시키는 방법이 가장 효율적이라고 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1991

Collection, evaluation and preservation of tropical forage grasses, napier grass breeding, tissue culture of pangola grass and alfalfa selection were conducted in Taiwan. The results showed that some species such as pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) with good performance and wide adaptability were selected and released. Forage yield and quality of napier grass have been improved and have good results in animal performance. Embryogenic callus cultures from young inflorescences and stem segments of pangola grass could provide an alternative method for rapid propagation and improvement. Three better varieties of alfalfa were selected. They maintain satisfactory stands for two or three years on well-drained sand loam and loam soil, and used only as annual crop in flat area and acid soil. However, more studies in forage breeding for acid soil arc required to maximise the forage quality and animal production. Thus, animal fed with forages of high quality and a few grains supplement will be the future achivement in livestock industry.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

This study was carried out to simultaneous determination of penicillin G and chloramphenicol in livestock products by HPLC. The results obstained were as follows; 1. Penicillin G and chloramphenicol were analyzed by HPLC on symmetry $C_{18}$ column with acetonitrile-0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 0.0157 M thiosulfate (25 : 75) as mobile phase at UV 325nm and 280nm, respectively. 2. Samples were applied to a SeP-Pak $C_{18}$ cartridge, from which eluted penicillin derivatized with 2 M 1,2,4-triazole containing 0.001 M mercuric chloride. 3. The average recovery rates of penicillin G and chloramphenicol were 81.8% and 80.3%, respectively, and the detection limits were 5 ppb (5$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg: 7.9IU/kg) for penicillin G and chloramphenicol in porcine and bovine muscle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1404-1408
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• 2006

In order to investigate the genetic marker associated with economic performance in Hanwoo (Korean Brown Cattle), proteomic approach was used. Breeding values were estimated from performance tested steers. The top 20 and bottom 19 steers based on carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS) evaluation for one progeny testing period was used. Meat samples dissected from longissimus dorsi muscles were taken from the slaughter house and analyzed for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A total of 102 significant spots out of total 146 on each gel were detected and compared with the reference gel (synthetic gel) to be evaluated. Four candidate spots for marbling score were identified: 205, 84, 204 and 198. The study confirmed the relationship between breeding values of economic traits of Hanwoo cattle and spot intensity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.557-561
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of weekly administration of implant type recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) on the performance and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 120 crossbred (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) pigs were employed for 11 weeks in a growth trial in experiment. A rpST designed to implant every 7 d was used. Forty pigs, each weighing 75 kg, were allocated into three rpST treatments; control (CONT), implant of rpST from 75 kg (TRT1) or 90 kg (TRT2) of body weight. The CONT pig and pigs in TRT2 from 75 kg to 90 kg were treated without rpST but with placebo. In rpST-treated pigs, each 100 mg and 125 mg of the equivalent rpST was implanted from live weight of 75 kg to 90 kg and from 90 kg to market weight, respectively. Half of the pigs from each treatment were marketed at live weight of 110 kg and the rest at 130 kg. All pigs were allowed ad libitum access to a commercial feed containing 0.94% and 0.88% of lysine from 75 to 110 kg, 110 to 130 kg of body weights, respectively. rpST had no effect on daily gain, while feed efficiency was improved by 7 to 13% (p<0.05) in the rpST-treated groups compared with the CONT. Compared with the CONT, backfat thickness was decreased by 12% (p<0.05) in TRT1 at 110 kg of market weight, and by 23 to 32% (p<0.05) in the rpST-treated groups at 130 kg of market weight, respectively. Lean muscle rate tended to be higher in TRT1 at both 110 kg and 130 kg of market weight, and carcass fat percentage in the rpST-treated groups was decreased by 33 to 46% (p<0.05) compared with the CONT.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.475-482
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• 2002

본 연구는 무창계사에 대한 효율 비교분석 연구가 전무한 실정으로 무창계사의 환경효율을 검증하고자 하였다. 본 실험은 축산기술연구소 신축 실험계사에서 2002년 5월 9일에서 5월 30일 사이에 실시하였으며 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 무창계사는 외부의 기온은 9.6${\sim}$21.2$^{\circ}C$로 편차는 약 11.6$^{\circ}C$를 나타내었는데 비하여 단열이 우수한 무창계사에서는 병아리 사육적온기인 32${\sim}$33$^{\circ}C$ 범위를 유지하여 약간의 보조열원으로 낮과 밤의 편차는 2$^{\circ}C$ 이상 나타나지 않아 온도효율이 높았다. 2. 공기풍속에 있어서는 무창계사는 상부 0.57 m/sec, 하부 0.04 m/sec로 각각 나타나, 계사내 적정 풍속유지를 위한 덕트입기구의 천공으로 인하여 계사내 전체공간에서 공기의 유속흐름 분포가 고르게 나타났다. 이상의 실험결과를 종합해 볼 때 조사대상이 된 무창계사의 온도 및 습도 환경이 우수하게 나타났으며, 특히 공기속도는 계사 공간 내에서 아주 고른 분포를 가져와 측벽 덕트 입기사설과 측벽 배기기스템이 우수하였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2010

본 시험은 육계 사료 내 발효 마늘 및 양파 부산물을 첨가 급여하였을 때 생산성, 혈액 성상 및 장내 미생물에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시험을 실시하였다. 육계(Ross) 초생추총 480수를 공시하여 4처리 4반복, 반복 당 30수씩 공시하여 5주간 시험을 실시하였다. 처리구로는 항생제를 첨가하지 않은 처리구(NC, negative control), 항생제 처리구(PC, positive control), 발효 양파 부산물 1.0% 첨가구 (T1), 그리고 발효 마늘 부산물 1.0% 첨가구 (T2)로 나누어 실험을 실시하였다. 종료 체중은 발효 마늘 부산물 첨가구에서 1,752 g으로 다른 처리구와 비교 시 가장 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 무항생제 처리구에서 1,606 g으로 가장 낮았다. 증체량에서 역시 발효 마늘 부산물 처리구에서 무항생제 처리구 및 항생제 처리구보다 각각 9%와 5% 이상 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 발효양파 발효물 첨가구에서는 무항생제 처리구와 비교 시 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나, 항생제 첨가구와 비교하였을 때는 처리 간 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 5주간 사양 실험 후 혈구 분석 및 혈액 생화학 분석 결과, 무항생제 처리구를 비롯한 모든 처리구에서 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 육계 맹장 내유산균 수는 발효 마늘 부산물 첨가구에서 다른 처리구와 비교 시 가장 높았으며(P<0.05), 발효 양파 부산물, 항생제 첨가구에서는, 그리고 무항생제 처리구에서는 통계적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 대장균수와 살모넬라에서는 무항생제 처리구와 비교 시 항생제 처리구와 발효 마늘 및 양파 부산물 첨가구에서 낮은 경향을 나타냈으나 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 결과적으로 육계 사료 내 발효 양파 및 마늘 부산물의 첨가 급여는 장내 균총에 효과적이며, 결과적으로 생산성을 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 현재까지 발효 농산 부산물에 대한 연구가 부족하다는 점을 감안할 때 향후 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.