• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1297-1303
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• 2012

Aims: Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy often related to hepatitis viral infection. Smad4 is known to mediate the TGF-${\beta}$ pathway to suppress tumorigenesis. However, the function of Smad4 in HCC is still controversial. In this study we compared levels of Smad4 in HCC tissues with or without hepatitis virus infection and adjacent normal-appearing liver. Methods: Samples from HCC patients were analyzed for Smad4 protein and mRNA expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results: We found that tumor tissues expressed less Smad4 mRNA and protein than the adjacent tissues. Most HCC tumor tissues were negative for Smad4 in IHC staining, while the majority of adjacent tissues were positively stained. Interestingly, protein levels were higher in HCC tissues with viral hepatitis than those without virus infection. Suppression of expression appeared closely related to HCC, so that Smad4 appears to function as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG). Conclusion: Patients with hepatitis viral infection, at higher risk for HCC, exhibited increased Smad4 protein expression suggesting hepatitis virus may modulate Smad4 expression, which is functionally distinct from its putative role as a TSG. Smad4 expression may thus be an applicable marker for diagnosis and/or a target to develop therapeutic agents for HCC.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• 제95권5호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze survival outcomes in 1,000 consecutive liver transplantations (LTs) performed at a single institution from 1993 to April 2017. Methods: The study population was divided into 2 groups based on donor type: deceased donor LT (DDLT; n = 181, 18.1%) and living donor LT (LDLT; n = 819; 81.9%), and into 3 periods based on the number of cases (first 300 cases, middle 300 cases, last 400 cases). Results: Infection was the most common cause of death, accounting for 34.8% (95 of 273). Mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence occurred most frequently between 1 and 5 years after transplantation. Mortality rate by graft rejection was highest between 5 and 10 years after transplantation. And mortality by de novo malignancy occurred most frequently after 10 years after transplantation. The patient survival rates for the entire population at 5 and 10 years were 74.7%, and 68.6%, respectively. There was no difference in survival rate between the LDLT and DDLT groups (P = 0.188). Cause of disease, disease severity, case period, and retransplantation had a significant association with patient survival (P = 0.002, P = 0.031, P = 0.003, and P = 0.024, respectively). Conclusion: Surgical techniques and perioperative management for transplant patients have improved and undergone standardization. Controlling perioperative infection and managing patients with HCC as LT candidates will result in better outcomes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-60
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• 1974

During the past 10 years 114 patients with empyema have been treated in hospital of Chonnam University. There were 87 males and 27 females ranging from 20 days to 70 years of age. The etiology was pyogenic pneumonia in 36.7%, tuberculosis in 22.7%, paragonimiasis in 8.8%, post-thoracotomy in 5.4%, post-trauma in 4.4%, lung abscess in 3.5%, malignancy in 3.5%, post-esophageal operation in 1.8%, and sterile in 10.5%. The over-all mortality rate was 2% [3 patients]. The majority of deaths occurred in patients with associated systemic illness [liver cirrhosis in I, and renal tuberculosis in I] and resistant tuberculosis for anti-tuberculosis drugs in one patient. Adequate drainage and obliteration of the pleural space continues to be the most important aspect of treatment and can frequently be achieved by closed chest tube thoracostomy in acute empyema especially in children. The more chronic thick-walled or loculated cavities require open drainage [open window therapy], decortication, thoracoplasty, sterilization, and myoplasty for closure of tracheobronchial fistula.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6277-6283
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• 2012

Background: Northern Iran counts as one of the highest prevalence regions for esophageal cancer (EC) worldwide. This study was designed to assess the epidemiologic aspects of EC in north central and northwest Iran over a 10 year period. Materials and Methods: The Guilan cancer registry study (GCRS) is a population-based cancer registry study featuring retrospective (1996-2003) and prospective (2004-2005) phases. A detailed questionnaire based on WHO standards for cancer registratration was applied to gather the required information. Two trained physicians coded information using ICD-O-3 in close coordination with an expert pathologist. Results: A total of 19,936 cases of malignancy (mean age $55.4{\pm}18.0$ years, range: 1-98 years) were registered, including 1,147 cases (670 males, 447 female; mean age: $64.0{\pm}11.5$ years) of EC. In 1996 the male/female ratio among patients with EC was 1.25 which increased to 1.53 in 2005. The lower third of the esophagus still remained the most common site of tumors. The average age-standardized rate (ASR) was 6.9 and 4.1 per $10^5$ men and women, respectively. In 1996, the ASRs were 7.2 and 5.2 per $10^5$ men and women which decreased to 6.9 and 4.1 per $10^5$ in 2004-2005. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most prevalent histological subtype of EC accounting over 80% of cases. Conclusions: However the prevalence of adenocarcinoma (ADC) showed an increase to 18.4%. Guilan province may be considered a relatively low incidence region for EC.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2006

목적: 다른 기관들에 비해 간에서는 상대적으로 FDG 섭취 양상이 매우 불규칙하며, 악성 병변이 없는 간에서 비정상적으로 FDG 섭취가 증가하기도 한다. 하지만, 이제까지 이러한 다양한 간의 FDG 섭취를 간의 다른 양성 질환과 연관시킨 연구가 없어, 저자들은 이 연구에서 간에서의 FDG 섭취 양상과 지방간, 간 기능 검사, 지질 프로필을 포함하는 다양한 임상 요인과의 관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 건강검진 목적으로 $^{18}F-FDG$ PET/CT를 시행한 188명 (남/여: 120/68, 평균나이: $50{\pm}9$세)을 대상으로 분석하였다. 간의 FDG 섭취에 영향을 줄 수 있는 당뇨 및 내당증 장애 환자, 심한 간질환이나 오랜 약물 복용의 기왕력이 있는 환자는 연구대상에서 제외하였다. PET/CT의 횡단면에서 간의 5번 분절에 해당하는 부위에 관심영역을 설정하고 이 부위의 평균 SUV를 구하여, 지방간이 있는 군과 없는 군 사이의 차이를 분석하였다. 또한 혈중 간 기능(ALT, AST), 알코올성 간질환(${\gamma}-GT$), 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방 수치와 간의 FDC 섭취와의 관계를 알아보았다. 지방간 환자들의 체질량지수, 음주력을 조사하여 이 인자들이 간의 FDG 섭취에 미치는 영향도 분석하였다 결과 지방간이 있는 군의 평균 SUV가 지방간이 없는 군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 혈중 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방 수치는 간의 FDG 섭취와 유의한 상관관계를 보인 반면, 다른 요인들은 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 또한, 지방간 환자에서 음주나 체질량 지수의 위험군과 비위험군 사이에 간의 FDG 섭취 정도는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 다변량 분석 결과, 지방간의 유무와 혈중 중성지방 수치가 간의 평균 SUV에 영향을 주는 유의한 독립 인자였다. 결론: 결론적으로 간의 FDG 섭취 정도는 지방간의 유무에 영향을 받으며, 중성지방 수치와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.466-473
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• 2001

Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (PEH), originally termed an intravacular bronchioloalveolar tumor, is a rare pulmonary neoplasm with a vascular origin and slow rate of malignancy. It affects various organs such as the liver, the central nervous system, lung, etc. Clinically, pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma has been considered to be a borderline malignancy, a generally indolent and nonaggressive tumor that displaces the pulmonary parenchyma over a number of years by slowly enlarging the tumor nodule. The clinical course of PEH is known to be usually benign. Here we report an unusual case of PEH that was highly malignant and was eventually fatal. The PEH was confirmed by microscopic analysis and immunohistochemical staining of CD31+(a membrane receptor and a sensitive and specific marker for vascular lesions) from an open lung biopsy specimen.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2022

Background/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is warranted when cross-sectional imaging demonstrates common bile duct (CBD) dilatation without identifiable causes. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of EUS in CBD dilatation of unknown etiology. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with dilated CBD without definite causes undergoing EUS between 2012 and 2017. Results: A total of 131 patients were recruited. The mean age was 63.2±14.1 years. The most common manifestation was abnormal liver chemistry (85.5%). The mean CBD diameter was 12.2±4.1 mm. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of EUS-identified pathologies, including malignancy, choledocholithiasis, and benign biliary stricture (BBS), was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.00). The AUROC of EUS for detecting malignancy, choledocholithiasis, and BBS was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.97), 1.00 (95% CI, 1.00-1.00), and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.87-0.99), respectively. Male sex, alanine aminotransferase ≥3× the upper limit of normal (ULN), alkaline phosphatase ≥3× the ULN, and intrahepatic duct dilatation were predictors for pathological obstruction, with odds ratios of 5.46 (95%CI, 1.74-17.1), 5.02 (95% CI, 1.48-17.0), 4.63 (95% CI, 1.1-19.6), and 4.03 (95% CI, 1.37-11.8), respectively. Conclusions: EUS provides excellent diagnostic value in identifying the etiology of CBD dilatation detected by cross-sectional imaging.

• Oncology Letters
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.6852-6868
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• 2019

There is a wide disparity in the incidence, malignancy and mortality of different types of cancer between each sex. The sex-specificity of cancer seems to be dependent on the type of cancer. Cancer incidence and mortality have been demonstrated as sex-specific in a number of different types of cancer, such as liver cancer, whereas sex-specificity is not noticeable in certain other types of cancer, including colon and lung cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular basis for sex-biased gene expression in cancer. The mRNA expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-associated genes was investigated, including E-cadherin (also termed CDH1), vimentin (VIM), discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in female- and male-derived cancer cell lines by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and the Broad-Novartis Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database analysis. A negative correlation was observed between DDR1 and ZEB1 only in the female-derived cancer cell lines via RT-PCR analysis. A negative correlation between DDR1 index (defined by the logarithmic value of DDR1 divided by ZEB1, based on the mRNA data from the RT-PCR analysis) and an invasive phenotype was observed in cancer cell lines in a sex-specific manner. Analysis of the CCLE database demonstrated that DDR1 and ZEB1, which are already known to be sex-biased, were negatively correlated in female-derived liver cancer cell lines, but not in male-derived liver cancer cell lines. In contrast, cell lines of colon and lung cancer did not reveal any sex-dependent difference in the correlation between DDR1 and ZEB1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves using the transcriptomic datasets such as Gene Expression Omnibus, European Genome-phenome Archiva and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases suggested a sex-biased difference in the correlation between DDR1 expression pattern and overall survival in patients with liver cancer. The results of the present study indicate that sex factors may affect the regulation of gene expression, contributing to the sex-biased progression of the different types of cancer, particularly liver cancer. Overall, these findings suggest that analyses of the correlation between DDR1 and ZEB1 may prove useful when investigating sex-biased cancers.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

비장 변연부 림프종(Splenic marginal zone lymphoma)은 드문 종양이며, 주로 노년층에서 발견되며, 절반 이상이 10년 이상 생존할 만큼 양호한 경과를 보인다. 본원에서는 이전에 보고된 바가 없는 비장 변연부 림프종과 조기위암이 동시에 발견된 환자의 수술적 치료를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 74 세 남자환자로 5년 전 알코올성 간경화를 진단 받은 이후 추적관찰 중 시행한 위내시경 검사에서 유문부에 조기위암이 발견되었다. 복부 전산화 단층 촬영 결과, 경미한 간경화와 비장비대, 복강 내 림프절병증이 관찰되었고, 근치적 절제를 위해 위 아전절제술을 시행하였다. 수술 당시 경미한 간경화와 비장이 매우 커져 있는 것과 더불어 다수의 복부 림프절비대가 관찰되었다. 이후 조직 검사 결과에서 조기위암과 림프절에서 비장 변연부 B 세포 림프종으로 진단되었다. 환자는 회복 후 골수검사와 PET 검사 등을 시행하였으며, 조직검사와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 이후 환자는 항암치료 계획 중이다. 비장 변연부 림프종은 Schmid 등에 의해 처음 명명되었으며, 비호치킨성 림프종의 1~2%를 차지한다. 이는 진단 당시 평균 나이가 65세이고, 드문 질환이지만 완만한 경과로 긴 생존 기간을 가지므로 추가로 악성종양이 발생될 수 있다. 대부분 진단 당시 무증상이며, 심각한 혈구 감소증이 없거나, 중등도의 비장비대를 동반한 무증상의 환자는 경과를 관찰하는 것이 타당하다. 본 환자는, 조기 위암 수술 중 발견되어 비장 변연부 림프종으로 진단된 경우로, 동시에 발견된 경우는 보고된 바가 없다. 드물기는 하지만, 비장 변연부 림프종을 가진 환자의 주의 깊은 추적 관찰로 이차로 발생되는 악성 종양을 조기에 발견하는 것이 중요하다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1981

Bone scans with $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ (methylene diphosphonate) were obtained and analysed in 574 patients with biopsy-proven malignancy, who visited Seoul National University Hospital from April, 1979 to June, 1931. Clinical staging was done in all patients without bone scan information and compared with bone scan to determine the predictive value of bone scanning. 1. Primary site of the maligancies were lung in 152, breast in 97, stomach in 43, colon in 15, esophagus in 9, liver and pancreas in 11, kidney in 14, bladder in 27, prostate in 22, thyroid in 20, skin in 11, bone in 9, head and neck in 36, ovary and uterus in 17, hematopoietic and lymphoretic ular system in 33, nervous system in 10, and others in 9 cases. Primary site was not defined in 39 cases. 2. Bone scans were positive in 186 cases (32.4%), which, included 48 cases (31.6%) of lung cancer, 27 cases (27.8%) of breast cancer, 12 cases(28%) of stomach cancer, 6 cases(40%) of colon cancer, 6 cases(43%) of kidney tumor, 4 cases(15%) of bladder cancer, 14 cases(64%) of prostate cancer, 3 cases(15%) of thyroid cancer and 66 other cases. 3. Bone scans were suspicious in 64 cases (11.2%) which included 29 cases (19.1%) of lung cancer, 10 cases (10.3%) of breast cancer, 4 cases (9.3%) of stomach cancer, one case (7%) of colon cancer, 3 cases(11%) of bladder cancer, 2 cases(10%) of thyroid cancer and 15 other cases. 4. Out of 121 cases with early stage of malignancy (which included 20 cases of lung cancer in stage I, II, 38 cases of breast cancer, 13 cases of stomach cancer, 8 cases of kidney tumor, 14 cases of thyroid cancer in stage $I{\sim}III$, and 6 cases of colon cancer, 14 cases of bladder cancer, 8 cases of prostate cancer in stage $A{\sim}C$, bone scans were positive in 5 cases (4.1%) which included 3 cases of lung cancer one case of breast cancer and one case of prostate cancer, and considered as further advanced stage. Out of 121 cases with early stage of malgnancy, bone scans were suspicious in 21 cases (17.4%) which inlcuded 9 cases of lung cancer, 4 cases of breast cancer, 2 cases of stomach cancer, one case of colon cancer, 3 cases of bladder cancer, and 2 cases of thyroid cancer. From these results, we concluded bone scan was useful in detecting bone metastasis in patients of early stage of malignancy, determining prognosis and establishing therapentic plan.