• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.79-95
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• 2009

Background : Eye diseases refer to a wide range of disconveniences from conjunctivitis, pterygium, glaucoma to even blindness. Acupuncture has been widely used in Korea throughout the history and provides an efficient method in the treatment of them. Objectives : Establish a distinctive and efficient acupuncture method for the treatment of eye diseases based in literature research. Method : We reviewed four Korean medical literature, "Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment[治腫指南]", "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine[東醫寶鑑]", "Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion[鍼灸經驗方]", and "Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Saam[舍岩鍼法]", and analyzed the therapeutic characteristics in the treatment of eye diseases. Result : 1. According to "Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment[治腫指南]", various methods were applied in the treatment of eye diseases. We can cite salt water washing method after needling, pricking bloodletting method using three-edged needle, surgery method using bent needle and lance needle, or sore treatment using sliced bean-curd and ground Aristolochiae Fructus among others. Acupuncture points like GV20[百會], BL1[睛明], EX-HN5[太陽], GB20[風池], GV24[神庭], GB1[瞳子髎], and GB15[臨泣] were mostly needled. 2. In "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine[東醫寶鑑]", pricking bloodletting method were most frequently used in comparison to single acupuncture or moxibustion methods. Applied points were GV20[百會], BL1[睛明], LI4[合谷], EX-HN5[太陽], GB37[光明], BL18[肝兪], GB20[風池], BL2[攢竹], GB1[瞳子髎], and ST36[三里]. Also selections of adjacent points were considered important. 3. In respect to treatment methods "Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion [鍼灸經驗方]" has some similarity to "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine[東醫寶鑑]" as pricking bloodletting method were mostly used. Also focused on normal Qi flow through meridian. Points like BL18[肝兪], BL1[睛明], LU5[尺澤], EX-HN5[太陽], LI4[合谷] were used. 4. "Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Saam[校勘舍岩道人鍼法]" considered visceral pattern identification method fundamental in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. Specifically, Liver, Heart, Stomach, Lung, Kidney identification methods are presented. Combined both corresponding and connecting meridians supplementation and draining methods according to mother-child relation. Also Saam master's own experiential prescriptions are noted. Conclusions : After previous study on stroke, we could also find various efficient methods according to eye diseases, through literature research of korean medical classics. This study will concurrently result in establishing distinctive therapeutic method characteristic of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was performed to examine the toxicity of Aconitum ciliare Decaisne pharmacopuncture(ADP). Methods : The toxicity was evaluated for lethal dose for 50 percent kill(LD50), single dose and repeated dose for 4 weeks. Toxic symptoms, weight measurement, hematological test, blood biochemical test, visual examination and weight measurement of major organs and histopathological test were observed for 4 weeks. Dose of 300, 600, 1,200, 2,400, 3,600, 4,800, 6,000, 7,200 mg/kg in the LD50 experiment, 300, 600, 1,200 mg/kg/day in the single experiment, 150, 300, 600 mg/kg/day in 4 weeks experiments were injected into BALB/c mice. The ADP was injected into ST36 of the right leg. Normal saline solution of same volume was used for control group. In 24 hours after the last treatment, blood samples were taken after anesthesia by inhalation of ethyl ether. After that, the BALB/c mice were euthanized. Their heart, lungs, kidneys, liver and reproductive organs were removed and weighed. Histopathological evaluation was also performed. Results : ADP's LD50 was measured at 6,000 mg/kg. In both single and repeated dose toxicity test, no BALB/c mouse died during the experiments. ADP treatment for 4 weeks did not show any significant changes in toxic symptoms, weight measurement, hematological test, blood biochemical test, visual examination and weight measurement of major organs and histopathological test. Conclusions : As a result, ADP's LD50 was 6,000 mg/kg and repeated dose at a concentration of 600 mg/kg or less is considered to be not harmful for clinical treatment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1181-1190
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• 2005

After study about the shapes of Jung, Gi, Sin, Hyul-kwa advocated by Master Jisan, the conclusions are drawn as follows. It pursues the rules of universe being changed from formless to concrete objects that the Body Essence, Vital energy, Mentality, and Blood are materialized to Jung, GE, Sin, Hyul-kwa. It can be drawn an inference from the next three theories that Jisan considered Jung, Gi, Sin, Hyul-kwa as round, square, reverse triangle, and triangle or oval shape. First, it was taken to following the shapes of viscera. Namely Jung-kwa was taken as Kidney, Gi-kwa as Lung, Sin-kwa as Heart, Hyul-kwa as Liver. Second, it was adopted from five kinds of constitutions according to the five elements in [Yeongchu Yin and Yang twenty five shapes] that is Jung-kwa is purchased with Water-earth phases, Gi-kwa with metal phase Sin-kwa with fire phase, Hyul-kwa with Wood phase, Third, it is taken in order to eliminate contradictions. Hyul-kwa disliking to move is assumed to round shape to easily move. Gi-kwa tending to disperse is chosen to square in order to be unmoved. Sin-kwa declining to stagnate of seven emotions is pursued to reverse triangle to compose oneself. Hyul-kwa inclining to gather is preferred to acreage phase to harmonize ascending tendency. Among shapes which Jisan was divided Hado, Nakseo, Bokhee pal kwoe, Moonwang pal kwoe, Jung-kwa as round is Hado, Gi-kwa as square is Nakseo, Sin-kwa as reverse triangle is Bokhee pal kwoe order shape, Hyul-kwa as acreage phase or oval shape is accord with Moonwang pal kwoe order shape. The reason being classified into Jung, GE, Sin, Hyul-kwa from the shapes of the face is that the face is the place to reflect the whole conditions of the body connected with all of the viscera and meridian system such as semen of plants. Above contents are drawn an inference from the transcription of Jisan's lectures and his writings. And it is considered that insufficient parts of the Jisan's theory must be demonstrated continuously.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2021

Objectives : In the current study, we performed the 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity test and a 4-week recovery test of standardized Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. and Psoralea corylifolia L. 30 % ethanol extract (SCP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats owing to aims for verifying no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Methods : The animal study was performed according to OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals section 4 health effects test No.408 repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rodents (03 October 2008). In the repeated dose toxicity study, SCP was orally administered to female and male rats at dose levels of 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg/kg/day for 13-week. The control group and high dose (4,000 mg/kg/day) group were then monitored for 4 extra weeks to determine recovery time after the study period. 1) Results : Compared with the control group, there were no treatment-related adverse effects in clinical signs, body weight, hematology, serum biochemistry (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, 𝛾-Glutamyl transpeptidase, Blood urea nitrogen, Creatinine, Glucose, Total cholesterol, Total protein, Creatine phosphokinase, Albumin, Total bilirubin, Triglyceride, Inorganic phosphorus, Albumin/Globulin ratio, Calcium ion, Sodium ion, Potassium ion, Chloride ion), necropsy findings and organ weight (Ovary, Adrenal gland, Pituitary, Thymus, Prostate, Testis, Epididymis, Spleen, Kidney, Heart, Lung, Brain, Liver) at any dose tested. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that the NOAEL of SCP in both genders was considered as over 4,000 mg/kg. Results from this study provide scientific evidence for the safety of SCP.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.152-171
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• 2022

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Sunbanghwalmyung-eum gamibang on Monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods : Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 5 groups of 8 rats each. Osteoarthritis (OA) was induced by injecting MIA (2 mg/50 µl) into the joint cavity of the left knee of SD rats belonging to the experimental group, and normal saline was injected into the joint cavity of the left knee instead of MIA in the normal group. To the normal group and the controlled group (OA group), 2 ml of distilled water was orally administered. To the positive control group (Indomethacin group), indomethacin 2 ml at a concentration of 2 mg/kg, to the low concentration group of SHG (Low group), 2 ml of SHG at a concentration of 2 mg/kg, and to the high concentration group of SHG (High group), 2 ml of SHG at a concentration of 4 mg/kg ml was orally administered. The drug was administered for a total of 4 weeks, and histological changes were analyzed by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and Safranin-O staining. In addition, inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and MMP-13, TIMP-1, and GAGs were immunohistochemically analyzed. Finally, hematological examination, blood biochemical examination, and liver and kidney biopsy were performed. Results : SHG groups (Low and High) inhibited the matrix destruction and damage of the knee joint cartilage in SD rat model, and significantly prevented the reduction in cartilage thickness. In SHG groups, the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-13 were significantly decreased, and the expressions of TIMP-1, GAGs were significantly increased compared with OA group. The safety indicators had no significant differences among five groups. Conclusions : These results show that SHG has cartilage protection capacity, anti-inflammatory effect.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.109-127
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• 2023

Objectives : It was conducted to experimentally analyze the effects of acupuncture treatment at CV12, ST25, and ST36 on weight, FBCS, fat metabolism, microbiome, and metabolome changes in the general diet rat and the high-fat diet rat. Methods : It was classified into four groups: general diet & non-treatment group (ND), general diet & acupuncture treatment group (ND+AT), high-fat diet & non-treatment group (HFD), and high-fat diet & acupuncture treatment group (HFD-AT). After acupuncture treatment was performed on CV12, ST25, and ST36, changes in body weight, FBCS, fat metabolism, microbiome, and metabolome were analyzed. Results : Compared to the ND group, acupuncture treatment performed on CV12, ST25, and ST36 in the ND+AT group had no significant effect. Compared to the HFD group, CV12, ST25, and ST36 acupuncture in the HFD+AT group reduced weight, fat weight, inflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression, and lipid droplet accumulation in liver tissue. Acupuncture can promote fat metabolism and relieve inflammatory conditions. Differences in diversity between ND and HFD groups were clear in changes in microbiome, fecal metabolites, and serum metabolites. As a result of some microbiome and metabolites involved in fat decomposition, intestinal lipid absorption, and blood lipid concentration control, such as Intestinimonas, Ruminococcus 1, pyroglutamic acid, tryptophan, and inositol, it was observed that the acupuncture treatment effect was evident in the disease-induced imbalance. Conclusions : Acupuncture treatment performed on CV12, ST25, ST36 clearly observed various regulatory actions on obesity induced by high-fat diet, confirming that the action of acupuncture treatment mainly plays a role in controlling an unbalanced state.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1642-1647
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• 2011

본 연구는 왕쥐똥나무잎(Ligustrum ovalifolium H.) 추출물의 항산화 활성을 탐색하고자 물과 에탄올로 각각 추출하였다. 왕쥐똥나무잎에 포함된 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과, 물 추출물($105.5{\pm}1.31$ mg GAE/g extract)과 에탄올 추출물($102.1{\pm}1.82$ mg GAE/g extract)은 비슷한 총 폴리페놀 함량을 함유하고 있었으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량 또한 물 추출물($84{\pm}1.72$ mg CE/g extract)과 에탄올 추출물($82.8{\pm}1.65$ mg CE/g extract)이 비슷한 양을 함유하고 있었다. ESR을 이용한 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 결과, hydroxyl 라디칼을 제외한 DPPH, alkyl 라디칼 소거능은 물 추출물 및 에탄올 추출물 모두 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 특히 alkyl 라디칼 소거능은 비타민 C와 같은 활성을 나타내었다. ABTS를 이용한 라디칼 소거활성, FRAP을 이용한 총항산화능 측정 및 환원력을 통한 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과에서도 왕쥐똥나무잎 추출물이 뛰어난 항산화효과를 가지고 있음이 확인되었다. 특히, FTC 및 TBA법을 이용한 지질과산화 억제 효능을 살펴본 결과, 왕쥐똥나무잎 물추출물과 에탄올 추출물 모두 지질과산화 억제효과가 높았으며 ${\alpha}$-토코페롤보다 활성이 훨씬 우수하였다. 한편, 세포독성을 살펴보기 위하여 정상 간세포(human liver, Chang cells)를 이용하여 MTT assay를 통한 세포의 생존율을 살펴본 결과 물 추출물 및 에탄올 추출물 모두 0.5 mg/mL의 농도까지 전혀 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 이 연구를 바탕으로 앞으로 왕쥐똥나무잎을 이용한 천연 항산화제로서의 가능성에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1525-1531
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• 2011

본 연구는 돼지감자잎(Helianthus tuberosus L.) 추출물의 항산화 활성을 탐색하고자 물과 에탄올로 각각 추출하였다. 돼지감자잎에 포함된 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과, 에탄올 추출물(94${\pm}$2.03 mg GAE/g extract)이 물 추출물(89.6${\pm}$1.96 mg/GAE/g extract)보다 더 많은 총 폴리페놀 함량을 포함하고 있었으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 물 추출물(65.1${\pm}$2.84 mg CE/g extract)이 에탄올 추출물(54.6${\pm}$1.87 mg CE/g extract)보다 더 높았다. ESR을 이용한 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 결과, hydroxyl 라디칼을 제외한 DPPH, alkyl 라디칼 소거능은 물 추출물 및 에탄올 추출물 모두 비타민 C와 비슷하거나 더 높은 활성을 나타내었다. ABTS를 이용한 라디칼 소거 활성, FRAP을 이용한 총항산화능 측정 및 환원력을 통한 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과에서도 돼지감자잎 추출물이 항산화효과를 가지고 있음이 확인되었다. 또한, FTC 및 TBA법을 이용한 지질과산화 억제 효능을 살펴본 결과, 특히 돼지감자잎 물추출물이 에탄올 추출물보다 지질과산화 억제효과가 높았으며 이는 ${\alpha}$-토코페롤보다 활성이 우수하였다. 한편, 세포독성을 살펴보기 위하여 정상 간세포(human liver, Chang cells)를 이용하여 MTT assay를 수행한 결과, 세포의 생존율은 0.5 mg/mL의 농도까지는 독성을 나타내지 않았고 간세포 보호효능 실험에서는 t-BHP로 유발시킨 산화적 스트레스에 대해 농도 의존적인 간세포 보호 효과가 있었으며, 이는 세포내 ROS의 감소로 인한 산화스트레스 억제를 통하여 세포를 보호하는 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.851-859
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)에 의해 유도된 아토피성 피부염 마우스 모델에서 고삼, 감초 및 백선피 추출물과 그들 복합 추출물(GGB)의 항아토피 효능을 평가하였다. 아토피성 피부염의 병리학적 형태인 홍반, 귀부종, 부종, 각질과 상처는 복합 추출물 중 고삼, 감초 및 백선피 추출물이 3:1:1로 혼합된 GGB-1 처리군에서 다른 시료 처리군들에 비하여 유의적인 억제 효능을 나타내었다. 또한 면역 기관인 비장의 무게도 GGB-1 처리군에서 감소하였고, 간의 무게는 정상군과 시료 처리군의 값이 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 아울러 GGB-1 처리군에서 비만 세포의 침윤이 감소되었으며, 혈청 중 IgE의 농도 역시 GGB-1 처리군에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 비록 단일 한약재와 그들의 혼합물 처리군에서는 면역 사이토카인(IFN-${\gamma}$, IL- 1, 4, 5, 6, 13, $1{\beta}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$) 의 값이 유의적으로 감소되었으나, 여러 가지 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 고삼, 감초 및 백선피 추출물이 3:1:1로 혼합된 복합 추출물인 GGB-1이 아토피성 피부염의 개선에 효과적인 약물로 판단된다.