• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.2 s.141
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• pp.151-157
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• 2005

This research was performed to investigate the protective effect of Chungpesagan-tang (CST) from hypoxia/reperfusion induced-PC12 cell damage. To elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect of CST, cell viability, changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, caspase 3 and the production of malondialdehyde were observed after treating PC12 cells with CST which was metabolized by rat liver homogenate. Pretreatment of CST with liver homogenate appeared to increase its protective effect against hypoxia/reperfusion insult. The result showed that CST exhibited the highest protective effect against hypoxia/reperfusion at the dose of $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ in PC12 cells, probably by recovering the redox enzyme activities and MDA to control level.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2013

A ten-year-old dog was presented with pancreatitis and increased hepatic enzymes. On necropsy a large firm mass was observed in the liver extending to the gall bladder. Smaller masses with similar texture were found in multiple organs including lung, stomach, pancreas, lymph nodes, omentum, and mesentery. Neoplastic cells were spindle shaped with prominent osteoid production and occasional trabeculae of woven bone. Tumor cell emboli were observed in the blood vessels and lymphatics of the omentum and stomach. Hepatic osteosarcoma with systemic metastasis is very rare and may serve to broaden the diagnostic spectrum of hepatic and pancreatic diseases in dogs.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2001

It is known that alcoholics have significantly lower mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)s'activity than do normal subjects or nonalcoholics with liver disease. However, there are only few reports that explain the reasons behind this reduction of ALDHs'activities. In this study, ALDH activity is inhibited by acetaldehyde, a substrate for ALDH However, the addition of glutathione (GSH) protected ALDH activities against the inhibitory effects of acetaldehyde in vitro. Furthermore, when GSH depletion is induced using diethyl maleate (DEM) in rats by 24% in cytosol and 43% in mitochondria, ALDH activities were also depressed by 31% and 63%, respectively compared to non-treated rats without significant reductions in other hepatic enzymes. These results suggest that ALDHs'activities are closely related to the concentration of acetaldehyde and/or cellular GSH contents . Therefore in alcoholic liver disease, increased productions of acetaldehyde and decreased contents of mitochondrial GSH may involved in the depression of ALDHs'activities.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.189-193
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• 2009

To investigate the antioxidant effect of lutein on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDEA)-induced oxidative stress in mice, we measured lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase of various tissues. Body weight was almost similar in lutein and control groups during 3 weeks. NDEA increased significantly the activities of typical marker enzymes of liver function (AST, ALT and ALP) in both groups. However, the increase of plasma aminotransferase activity significantly decreased in lutein group. Lipid peroxidation and SOD in various tissues, such as heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and plasma were significantly increased by NDEA, which were significantly reduced by lutein at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Catalase activity decreased significantly in control and lutein groups treated with NDEA, the effect being less in lutein group. Lesser effect on SOD and catalase in NDEA-treated lutein group indicates the improvement of protective mechanisms by lutein. Thus, it can be concluded from the present study that lutein can offer a useful protection against NDEA-induced oxidative stress.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.261-264
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• 2002

The heartwood of Caeralpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae) has been used to activate blood flow, remove blood stasis, reduce swelling and relieve pain in Korean folk medicine. In this study. the antioxidant effects of this crude drug and its hepatoprotective activity on CCl$_4$-induced liver injury in rats were evaluated. The levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) reduced by CCl$_4$treatment, were recovered by this crude drug. It is suggested that Caesalpinia sappan L. have antioxidant effect. The increased levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) by CCl$_4$were also recovered by treatment with this crude drug. These results can be attributed to the agent's antioxidant and membrane - stabilizing actions.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1996

We studied the effects of a single, combined and mixed exposure of benzene, toluene and xylene on the activities of rat liver microsomal AHH, ADH and ALDH, and the excretion of their metabolites in urine. The AHH activities of the rats treated in combination and mixture were slightly higher and/or similar to those rats treated with single solvent, while the reverse effects were observed for ADH and ALDH. Similar effects were observed when the metabolites were examined in urine (p < 0.01). These results suggest that each solvent might interJkre the induction and action of ADH and ALDH, and decrease the excretion of their metabolites into urine.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.557-562
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• 1998

Allyl alcohol is metabolized in the liver through two steps, first to reactive acrolein by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), subsequently to acrylic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Since ethanol could compete the same enzymes to be metabolized in the liver, we have determined the plasma concentrations of allyl alcohol and ethanol followed by combined treatment. Pretreatment of rats with 2g/kg ethanol followed by ip administration of 40mg/kg allyl alcohol increased the lethality significantly. Determination of in vivo blood concentrations revealed that ethanol pretreatment caused the apparent decrease in allyl alcohol clearance, whereas acetaldehyde level in blood increased significantly by allyl alcohol treatment, as determined by head space GC analysis. Treatment of 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of ADH, delayed allyl alcohol elimination significantly and reduced its lethality. Collectively, these findings suggested that reduction of allyl alcohol clearance in the presence oj ethanol was mediated through ADH competitive inhibition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.968-972
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• 1998

Allium tuberosum Rotter(Liliaceae) is a perennial herb of which leaves are used for food. Leek has been reported to have pharmacological effects including alleviations of abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematemesis, snakebite, and asthma. To investigate the effect of dietary leek supplementation on the drug-metaboizing enzymes, quinone reductase(QR) and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase(AHH) activities in the liver, stomach, small intestine and lung, and on the plasma testosterone and dihydrosterone hormone levels, mice were fed 2% and 5% leek diets for 8 weeks. Quinone reductase, an anticarcinogenic enzyme, was significantly induced in stomach, small intestine, and lung but slightly lowered in hepatic tissue in the experimental groups compared to control group. Arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, involved in bioactivation of procarcinogens, was significantly decreased in liver and lung. Leek feeding led to the reduction in the plasma level of dihydrotestosterone which is associated with the incidence of prostate cancer. These findings support the potential chemopreventive activity of leek supplementation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 1985

In order to evaluate the effect of water soluble extract of lichens (Physcia, Parmelia and Clandonia species) on liver damage, activities transaminase(GPT) and 5'-nucleotidase in serum and liver were measured in rats fed lichens extract. DNA and RNA were measured in liver and spleen, as well as various organ weights and blood components. Control group was fed water to compare with the lichen group. Three sets of experiments were conducted: the first set was done with normal rats, the second one with rats with liver damage induced by $CCl_4$ injection was divided into three subgroups. i.e. no treatment group, pre-treatment group and post-treatment group, and the third one was with rats with acute and chronic liver damage. In normal rats, lichens extract feeding reduced serum GOT and GPT activities. In liver damaged rats, both pre-and post-treatment had suppressing effect against increase of serum enzymes. In rats with acute and chronic liver damage, lichens fed group had lower activities of serum GOT, GPT and 5'-nucleotidase but higher activities of liver enzymes than control group. This effect was more pronounced in rats with acute liver damage. Liver weight increased considerably with lichens intake. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were also higher in lichens fed group. Nucleic acid contents in spleen but not in liver were increased in lichens fed group. The latter increase was more significant with chronic liver damage. It is suggested from the present study that water soluble lichens extract play protective and therapeutic roles in organs against infection and atrophic disease.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2018

Objective : In this study, we investigated the effect of SAL5(mixing extracts of Schisandra chinensis Baillon, Artemisia capillaris Thunb., and Aloe vera Linne) on chronic ethanol-induced fatty liver model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed Liber-DeCarli (normal), ethanol liquid diet (control), SAL5 (200 mg/kg). We administrated the SAL5 on chronic ethanol-induced fatty liver model for 5 weeks. We measured alkaline phosphtase (ALP), alanine transminase (ALT), aspartate transminase (AST) and ${\gamma}-glutamyl$ transpeptase (${\gamma}-GTP$) in serum and triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver. Liver histopathology was examined by Hematoxylin-eosin and Oil red O staining of the fixed liver tissues. Real-time PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-2, MMP-9. Results : SAL5 administration resulted in significantly decreased liver marker enzymes activities of alanine transminase (ALT), ${\gamma}-glutamyl$ transpeptase (${\gamma}-GTP$) in serum and triglyceride (TG) activities in liver. The control group decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) with the reduced level of glutathione (GSH) in liver. On the other hand, SAL5 group increased the activities of SOD, CAT and the level of GSH. SAL5 delayed the development of an alcoholic fatty liver by reversing fat accumulation in the liver, as evidenced in histological observations. The gene expression of mRNA were significantly decreased at the $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II and MMP-2 by SAL5. Conclusions : These results indicate that SAL5 might have protective effect chronic ethanol-induced fatty liver models.