• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2017

Increased alcohol consumption is a burden on the world because it is associated with various health problems. However, the effects of silkworms on alcohol metabolism have not been studied yet. The hard-to-eat mature silkworms have become easier to ingest recently due to the development of technology, steam-lyophilising mature silkworm larvae. In this study, we investigated and compared the effects of SMSPs from three silkworm varieties, Baekokjam, Golden-silk and Yeonnokjam weaving white, golden, and light green cocoons on alcohol metabolism in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with three SMSPs (0.1 g/kg or 1 g/kg body weight) or normal diet (AIN-76A) for 2 weeks were subjected to intragastric administration of absolute ethanol (3 g/kg body weight, 3 h). Three SMSPs did not affect the final body weight and liver weight. All 3 SMSPs were effective to reduce the enzymes in alcohol metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and liver damage and enzymes involved in liver damage, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Among SMSP from 3 varieties of silkworm, preadministration of 1 g/kg Baekokjam SMSP showed the most effective suppressive effect on the activities of ADH, ALDH, AST and ALT. The Baekokjam SMSP contained higher amounts of beneficial amino acids than Golden-silk or Yeonnokjam SMSP. These results suggest that Baekokjam SMSP might be used as a new and promising candidate for improving alcohol metabolism and liver injury through promoting rapid alcohol metabolism.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2003

In the biological world, there are a number of ecological fights for survival between each organism such as plants, animals and microorganism In such events, an organism can use its natural bioactive products as defence agent against other organisms. Furthermore, natural bioactive products can be utilized for medicine or functional food. Recently, we investigate the effect of Monascus pigment extracted from a fungus, Monascus anke, on the alcohol metabolism and blood lipid profile. In the present study, it is observed that Monascus pigment supplemented dietary may have a hepatoprotective effect on rat's liver damage induced with $CCl_4$ . By treatment with $CCl_4$(3 times, I.P), liver damage was reduced more in the rats fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet than those fed standard diet, based on the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, microsomal glucose-6-phosphatse activity and hepaic malondialdehyde content. On the other hand, oxygen free radical generating enzymes, hepatic P-450 dependent aniline hydroxylase, xanthine oxidase, and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes, hepatic glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities were generally higher both in $CCl_4$ treated group and control fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet than those fed standard diet. In conclusion, the rats fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet showed more reduced liver damage than those fed standard diet, which may be due to the acceleration of oxygen free radical metabolism.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2017

Patients with lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency and glycogen storage disease (GSD) demonstrated hepatomegaly and dyslipidemia. In our case, a 6-year-old boy presented with hepatosplenomegaly. At 3 years of age, GSD had been diagnosed by liver biopsy at another hospital. He showed elevated serum liver enzymes and dyslipidemia. Liver biopsy revealed diffuse microvesicular fatty changes in hepatocytes, septal fibrosis and foamy macrophages. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated numerous lysosomes that contained lipid material and intracytoplasmic cholesterol clefts. A dried blood spot test revealed markedly decreased activity of LAL. LIPA gene sequencing identified the presence of a novel homozygous mutation (p.Thr177Ile). The patient's elevated liver enzymes and dyslipidemia improved with enzyme replacement therapy. This is the first report of a Korean child with LAL deficiency, and our findings suggest that this condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with hepatosplenomegaly and dyslipidemia.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2023

Objective: This study identified the effects of Korean medicine treatment on a patient with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Methods: A 43-year-old man with MAFLD was treated with Saenggangunbi-tang with regular exercise from August 13, 2022, to December 24, 2022, to reduce fatigue and dyspepsia and to improve laboratory findings, such as liver enzymes and lipid profiles. We observed changes in symptoms and laboratory findings during the approximately four-month treatment. Results: Treatment with Saenggangunbi-tang resulted in decreased serum levels of liver enzymes, triglycerides, hepatic steatosis index scores, and clinical symptoms. During the treatment, the patient performed regular exercise; however, there was no significant change in body weight until the end of the study. Conclusion: This study suggests the availability of Saenggangunbi-tang as a therapeutic option for managing MAFLD patients.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2010

녹차 추출물이 에탄올에 의한 조기 간세포에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위해 흰쥐에 에탄올과 녹차 추출물을 투여하고 1시간 및 3시간 후 흰쥐의 간 글루타치온과 TNF-$\alpha$량, 간항산화효소 활성도, 지질과산화물량 및 혈청 AST 및 ALT 활성도를 측정하였다. 또한 에탄올에 의한 만성 간 손상에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위해서 에탄올과 녹차 추출물을 2일 간격 투여 20일 후 흰쥐의 간 글루타치온과 TNF-$\alpha$량, 간 항산화 효소활성도, 지질과산화물량 및 혈청 AST 및 ALT 활성도를 측정하였다. 간 글루타치온량은 대조군에 비하여 에탄올 투여군에서 1시간, 3시간 및 20일 경과 후에 모두 감소되었고, 에탄올과 녹차추출물 혼합투여로 간 글루타치온량이 에탄올 투여군에 비하여 증가되어 녹차추출물이 에탄올에 의한 간 글루타치온량 감소를 억제시킴을 알 수 있다. 간 TNF-$\alpha$량은 에탄올 투여 1시간, 3시간 및 20일경과 후 증가되었고, 녹차추출물과 에탄올 혼합투여군은 에탄올 투여군에 비하여 1시간, 3시간 및 20일 경과 후 모두 감소되어 녹차추출물 투여로 에탄올 투여에 의한 간조직의 TNF-$\alpha$량 증가가 억제됨을 알 수 있다. 에탄올 투여군의 간조직 TBARS량을 측정한 결과 에탄올을 투여한 후 1시간 경과 및 3시간 경과 후 대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 에탄올 투여군의 간 조직 항산화효소(SOD, catalase, GPx) 활성도를 측정한 결과 에탄올을 투여한 후 1시간 경과 및 3시간 경과 후 대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 에탄올 투여군의 혈청 ALT와 AST 활성도를 측정한 결과 에탄올을 투여한 후 1시간 경과 및 3시간 경과 후 대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 실험 결과 녹차 추출물은 간에서 에탄올에 의해서 조기에 일어나는 글루타치온량 감소 및 TNF-$\alpha$량 증가를 억제시키는 작용이 있는 것을 알 수 있는데, 녹차 추출물의 이러한 효과는 녹차 추출물이 에탄올에 의한 간 손상을 억제하는데 중요한 작용을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 녹차 추출물에 함유된 에탄올에 의한 간 손상 방지 물질의 검색과 글루타치온 및 TNF-$\alpha$에 대한 작용 기전 및 특성에 대한 연구가 계속된다면 우수한 간 손상 방지작용을 가진 물질이 개발될 수 있을 것으로 추측된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.814-824
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• 2007

Liver cirrhosis (LC) is defined as comprising diffuse fibrosis and regenerating nodules of the liver. The biochemical and anatomical dysfunction in LC results from both reduced liver cell number and portal vascular derangement. Although several studies have investigated dysregulated genes in cirrhotic nodules, little is known about the genes implicated in the pathophysiologic change of LC or about their relationship with the degree of decompensation. Here, we applied cDNA microarray analysis using 38 HBsAg-positive LC specimens to identify the genes dysregulated in HBV-associated LC and to evaluate their relation to disease severity. Among 1063 known cancer- and apoptosis-related genes, we identified 104 genes that were significantly up- (44) or down- (60) regulated in LC. Interestingly, this subset of 104 genes was characteristically correlated with the degree of decompensation, called the Pugh-Child classification (20 Pugh-Child A, 10 Pugh-Child B, and 8 Pugh-Child C). Patient samples from Pugh-Child C exhibited a distinct pattern of gene expression relative to those of Pugh-Child A and B. Especially in Pugh-Child C, genes encoding hepatic proteins and metabolizing enzymes were significantly down-regulated, while genes encoding various molecules related to cell replication were up-regulated. Our results suggest that subsets of genes in liver cells correspond to the pathophysiologic change of LC according to disease severity and possibly to hepatocarcinogenesis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.750-756
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• 1994

The effect of onion juice on ethanol -induced lipid peroxidation were studied were studied in rats. The contents of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) -reactants increased significantly in liver thanol(4ml/kg/day) administered -rats. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase increased by ethanol administration compared with control group, but alterations of antioxidant enzymes activities in liver of ethanol administered rats were not significant vs control group. The glutathione contents in liver decreased by ethanol , whereas the glutathione level increased in ethanol and onion juice group compared with ethanol group. The contents of hepatic TBA-reactants and serum aminotrasnferase activity in ethanol group were reduced by onion juice administration. In these results, increased hepatic TBA-reactants of liver in ethanol group might be due to decreased glutathione contents in liver. Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays an important roles in the liver in several detoxification and the reduction of lipid peroxides. So the protective effects of onion juice on ethanol-induced increment of TBA-reactants may be due to the increament of lgutathions content. The glutathione depletion by ethanol was an important factor of ethanol-induced cell damage, and the prevention of onion juice to the glutathione depletion reduced by ethanol may be an important factor on the protection from ethanol-induced lipid perpxidation in rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.687-696
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate effects of hesperidin and naringin on linpid peroxide formation and antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured in plasma and liver. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured in erythrocyte and liver. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dauley rats weighing 275.3$\pm$3.3g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight and were raised fro four weeks on diets containing 0.25, 0.50 or 1.00%(w/w) hesperidin or naringin . Food intake, weight gain , food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen ,and epididymal fat pad were not significantly different among groups. In 0.50 and 1.00% naringin groups , plasma TBARS concentrations were significantly decreased with a dose response patter. In 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00% hesperidin groups, liver TBARS concentrations were significantly decreased without a dose dependent patter. Antiosidative enzyme activities in erythrocyte and liver were not significantly affected by type and amountof dietary bioflavonoid, but in the 1.00% hesperidin group, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutahione perosidase activities in linver showed a tendency to increase. In conclusion, naringin inhibited lipid peroxide formation with a dose response pattern in plasma without changing the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Hesperidin adminstration, regardless of the level in the diet, inhibited lipid peroxide formation in liver.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.923-934
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• 2001

In order to investigate a pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn, thermal injury was induced by scald burn on entirely dorsal surface in rats (total body surface area 30%) except for inhalated injury. At 5 and 24 h after scald bum, biochemical assay and morphological changes in skin tissue, serum and liver tissue were examined. The effects of bum injury on the levels of glutathione, lipid peroxide and on the activities of oxygen free radical generating and scavenging enzymes have been determined in association with observing of histologic and ultrastructural changes, measuring the protein concentration in plasma, and counting the number of intravascular polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme of oxygen free radical generating system. was elevated (p<0.01) in serum, but not in skin and in liver tissue. Futhermore, thermal injury decreased not only the protein concentration in plasma but also the number of leukocytes, that indicates induction of edema formation with protein exudation and inflammation by neutrophil infiltration into the internal organs. These data suggest that acute dermal scald burn injury leads to liver damage, that is related to elevation of xanthine oxidase activity in serum. Xanthine oxidase may be a key role in the pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.78-87
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• 1993

The accumulations of mercury, lactate dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes activities of which are glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and pathological changes were investigated in liver and kidney of mice which were fed the water supplemented with two levels (0.5 mM and 1.0 mM) of mercury chloride (HgCl$_2$). During the mercury feeding, the weight gain of mice in experimental groups was less than that of control group mice, while no overt signs related to mercury toxicity were noted in any experimental groups. Mercury concentrations in liver and kidney increased significantly in the early period (1~2 weeks) after mercury administration, which were measured as high as 100 times in liver and kidney in comparison to those of the control groups, but there were relatively stable for the levels of accumulation in following periods. The lactate dehydrogenase activities in liver and kidney were relatively increased in the period of 2~3 weeks of mercury administration in the experimental groups, there were normal levels in other periods of administration without the dose-dependencies. The glutathione peroxidase activities were not affected by the dosages of mercury chloride and the duration of ingestion. But the catalase activities significantly increased in 2~3 weeks after ingestion, and the superoxide dismutase activities of kidney also showed a peak in 3 weeks of ingestion while this peak was not found in the results measured in liver tissues.