• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.745-761
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• 2000

Literatural study for Delirious speech and Fading murmuring, the results were as follows. 1. Delirious speech and Fading murmuring are given at the speech impediment. Derious speech to be out of language's order and slur the end of his words, and Fading murmuring is to repeat in losing conscious. 2. In constrast with Delirious speech and Fading murmuring, Maniac speech is induced by a general term for manic-depressive psychosis. Luoyan is to say in a feeble voice and mumble in a sleeping condition, and Paraphasia and Solioquy are appeared in a clear mental condition. The speech impediment is caused by damages of the nervous system and speech organ, and Yuyancuoluan is appeared in a feverless condition. 3. The symptoms of Delirious speech are to utter ravings and have a loud and heavy voice, and these resemble the delirium which specially has a speech impediment and muddle in the western medical world. The symptoms of Fading murmuring are to speak ambigously, repeatedly, and illogically and so are similar to the Wernicke dysphasia which is caused by a incomprehensible conversation. 4. The causes of Delirious speech are to spread a stomach heat and the lungs pathogenic qi into heart, not to sweat in cold damage, the Three Yang Combination of syndrome, stomach repletion, yang collapse due to excessive sweat, diarrhea, after diarrhea, heat to enter the blood chamer, feces to remain in the stomach, stasis blood to enter the viscera, to carry anger to extremity, and to be constipated. the cause of Fading murmuring is to despair vacuity desertion of vital essence and energy after a serious illness. 5. The causes of delirium are general infection, postoperative states, and metabolism disorders and those of Wernicke dysphasia are disorders of the blood vessel, brain tumors and traumas. 6. Delirious speech is cured with the discrimination of vacuity and repletion. Baitong Tang(白通湯), Chaihu Guizhi Tang(柴胡桂枝湯), Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Tang(柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯) are prescribed in case of vacuity, while Chengqi Tang(承氣湯), Baihu Tang(白虎湯), Liangge San(凉膈散) are in case of repletion. Fading murmuring is treated with Xiao Chaihu Tang(小柴胡湯), Fuzi Tang Jiawei(附子湯加味), Shengmai San(生脈散), and Renshen Sanbai Tang(人蔘三白湯). 7. To acupunture Qimen-Xue(期門穴) is required when it is late to prescribe a medical decoction or the hyperactive liver qi attacking the spleen.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2007

Purpose: Recently, trauma is more frequent due to the increases in the population, the number of traffic accident, and the incidence of violence. Especially, abdominal trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We analyzed the clinical features and the factors associated with morbidity and mortality. Methods: We analyzed 136 patients of abdominal trauma who were admitted at the Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, from January 2003 to June 2005. We analyzed the cause of trauma, the injured organ, combined injuries, mental status, blood pressure, laboratory findings, morbidity, and mortality. The relationships between by variable were assesed by using the independent samples test and the Kruskal?Wallis test. Results: The causes of trauma were traffic accidents (98 cases, 72%), falling accidents (9 cases, 6.6%), violence (6 cases, 4.4%), and stab injuries (6 cases, 4.4%). The injured organs were the small intestines (47 cases, 34.6%), the liver (35 cases, 25.7%), the spleen (26 cases, 19.1%), the mesentery (17 cases, 12.5%), the large intestines (15 cases, 11.0%), the pancreas (14 cases, 10.3%), etc. The most common combined injury was chest injury (53 cases, 39%). Comatose or semicomatose mental status and shock on admission (<60 mmHg in systolic) were related to high mortality (85.7%). In laboratory findings, decreased hemoglobin (<8 g/dL), and platelet count (<$50,000/mm^3$), and increased creatinine level (>1.6 mg/dL) were significant prognostic factors. The incidence of postoperative complications was 40.4%, and frequent complications were wound infection (8.1%) and re-bleeding (8.1%). The overall mortality rate was 18.4%, and most common cause was hypovolemic shock (18 cases, 13.2%), however, there was no statistical difference according to injurd organ. Conclusion: In the multivariate analysis, mental status, hemoglobin, and serum creatinine level were the most significant prognostic factors. When an abdominal trauma patient arrives at the emergency room, a rapid and accurate evaluation of the patient's status and risk factors, and resuscitation, if necessary, have to be performed to lower the morbidity and mortality.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1991

간흡충의 충체 부위별 항원성을 알아보고자 면역조직화차적 방법을 이용하여 간흡충의 소화기관, 생식기관, 배설기관, 흡반, 표피 등의 염색강도를 비교 관찰하였다. 간흡충 실험 감염 후 2~8주 된 토끼에서 담관 내 충체를 포함하는 간 조직을 얻어 중성 포르말린 용액에 고정하고 파라핀으로 포매한 다음 4 $\mu\textrm{m}$두께로 잘라 항원으로 이용하였다. 항-간흡충 항체(1차 항체)는 실험 감염 10주 된 고양이 혈청을 희석하여 사용하였고 peroBidaseconjugated goat anti-cat IgG를 2차 항체로 하여 간접 면역효소 염색을 시행하였다. 가장 적합한 1차 항체의 희석 농도는 1 : 1,000~1 : 2,000, 2차 항체의 희석 농도는 1 : 1,000이었다. 충체의 장 상피세포, 장 내용물 및 배설낭은 1차 항체 희석 농도 1 : 1,000~1 : 2,000에서 강한 양성 반응을 보인 반면, 자궁 및 일부 자궁 내 충란, 난관선, 웅성 생식기관 등은 1차 항체 회석 농도 1 : 1,000에서 미약한 양성 반응을 나타내었다. 한편, 흡반, 표피, 표피하 세포, 충체 실질 등은 1차 항체 회석 농도 1 : 1,000에서도 음성 반응을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 간흡충 감염시 숙주의 항체 반응은 충체의 소화-분비 기관에서 유래된 이른바 분비-배설 항원에 의해 가자 강력하게 유발되는 것으로 추측된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1987

감작복강삼출세포가 BALB/c마우스에서 간흡충에 대한 면역을 이입 할 수 있는지 규명하기 위해 10마리의 donor마우스를 5마리씩 2군으로 나누어 한 군에는 20개의 간흡충 피낭유충을 강구감염시켰고 다른 군에는 20마리의 본 탈낭유충을 간강내 주입한 30일 후에 도살하여 복강삼출세포를 얻었다. 제1차 감작을 하기위해 20마리의 recipient마우스를 4마리씩 4군으로 나누어 제1군은 간흡충 피낭유충을 가구감염시킨 donor마우스의 복강삼출세포를 recipient마우스의 복강내 주입하였고, 제2군은 본 탈낭유충을 간강내 주입한 donor마우스의 복강삼출세포를 recipient마우스의 복강내 주입하였으며, 제3군은 20개의 본 피낭유충을 경구감소시켰다. 제4군은 비처치대조군으로 하였다. 제1차 감작한 4일후에 전 recipient마우스에 20개의 본 피낭유충을 challenge강구감소시켜 30일후에 모두 도살하여 대조군의 대편 g당 충란수, worm burden 및 비장당에 의한 면역이입의 여부를 판정하였다. Donor마우스의 복강삼출세포를 recipient마우스의 복강내 주입하였을 때 제1군과 제2군마우스에서는 제4군마우스에 비해 대편 g당 충란수의 현저한 감소를 나타내었으나 제3군에서는 그 충란수가 감소되지 않았다. Worm burden은 제2군 마우스에서만 제4대조군에 비해 유의적 감소를 나타내었으며 plaque형성세포는 제1군보다 제2군에서 많이 검출되었고 특히 간흡충 피낭유충으로 감작한 복강삼출세포를 복강내 주입받은 BALB/c마우스에서는 면역에 이입됨을 알았다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2017

목적: 가와사키병의 환아뿐만 아니라, 다른 전신 염증 질병의 환아들에 관상동맥 병변(coronary arterial lesion [CAL])의 발생이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 전형적인 전신염증반응증후군(systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS])의 소견을 보이는 패혈증 마우스 모델에서 가와사키병 환아에게 관찰되는 CAL이 발생하는지 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 생후 6주 C57BL/6 마우스에 내독소를 복강내주사하여 SIRS를 보이는 패혈증 모델을 유도하였다. 대조군과 패혈증군의 주요 장기의 조직학적 소견을 비교하였고 패혈증 마우스에서 CAL을 찾기 위한 시도를 하였다. 결과: 대조군과 비교하여, 염증세포의 침윤이 패혈증 마우스의 심장, 간, 신장에 상대적으로 증가하였다. 패혈증 마우스의 심장에서 심근(심근염)과 심장 주위 연조직에 림프구 침윤을 확인하였다. 또한, 패혈증 마우스의 관상동맥을 관찰하였지만, CAL을 확인할 수는 없었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 패혈증 마우스 모델에서 CAL의 존재를 확인하는 것은 실패하였다. 하지만, SIRS를 유발하는 많은 종류의 원인 질병에서 CAL이 발생한다는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 가와사키병을 포함한 다양한 전신 염증 질병에 나타나는 CAL의 임상적 의미에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.185-199
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• 2021

Vibriosis is an important septicemic bacterial disease that affects a variety of commercial fish species, including cultured Dicentrarchus labrax. Nanotechnology has become an important modern tool for fish diseases prevention. Furthermore, nanomaterials have the ability to prevent and treat fish diseases. The current study was aimed to identify the causative agent of massive mortality of D. labrax commercial farm in Alexandria, Egypt. Experimental infection and the median lethal dose (LD50) of pathogenic isolate were assessed. Also, the effect of ginger nanoparticles (GNPs) and Sacchromyces cerevisiae as feed additives for prevention of vibriosis in D. labrax was carried out. Similarly, the tissue immunstimulant genes, IL-1β and TLR2 were measured in the spleen of feeding groups. The clinical signs of naturally diseased D. labrax showed corneal opacity and paleness of gills with excessive mucous secretion. The post-mortem abnormalities were severe hemorrhage and adhesion of internal organs. After bacteriological isolation and identification, the causative agent of mortality in the current study was Vibrio alginolyticus. The LD₅₀ of V. alginolyticus was 1.5×10^5.4 CFU/ml. The experimentally infected D. labrax showed ulceration, exophthalmia and skin hemorrhages. The post-mortem findings of the experimentally infected D. labrax revealed internal hemorrhage, spleen darkness and paleness of liver. There is no mortality and 100% RPS in groups fed GNPs then injected with V. alginolyticus, in those fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae and a group fed normal diet then injected with physiological saline (control negative), respectively. Contrarily, there was 10% mortality and 87.5 RPS in the group fed S. cerevisae then injected with V. alginolyticus. On the other hand, the control positive group showed 79% mortality. The spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes were significantly increased in groups of fish fed GNNP, S. cerevisiae and a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, respectively compared to control group. The highest stimulation of those immunostimulant genes was found in the group fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, while fish fed S. cerevisiae had the lowest level. Dietary combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae was shown to be efficient in preventing of vibriosis, with greatest stimulation of spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2018

2017~2018년에 거쳐 인천 및 경기지역 뱀장어 양식장 4개소를 대상으로 질병 예찰 및 모니터링을 실시한 결과, 특징적으로 아가미울혈증상을 동반한 질병이 빈번히 발생하였다. 이 질병은 크기에 상관없이 발생하지만 입식 후 3개월 이내의 당년생 뱀장어에서 감염 빈도와 누적 폐사율이 높게 나타났다. 감염어는 새변의 중심정맥동(CVS)의 심한 울혈과 팽창, 간과 신장 조직의 출혈 등과 같은 병리조직학적 감염 특성을 보였다. 또한 아가미 혈관내피세포의 핵과 세포질에서 정이십면체 구조를 가진 직경 70 nm 전후의 바이러스 입자가 관찰되었다. PCR에 의한 분자생물학적 진단법과 유전자 분석을 통해 이 질병의 원인 병원체는 일본에서 주로 보고한 뱀장어바이러스성내피세포괴사증(VECNE)의 원인체인 JEECV로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 국내 뱀장어 양식장에서 JEECV 및 VECNE 감염특성을 밝힌 첫 보고이다.

• 대한간학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.374-383
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• 2018

Background/Aims: There have been numerous efforts to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with antiviral agents during pregnancy. However, there are limited data regarding the outcomes of pregnant women after delivery. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral agents in preventing MTCT of HBV and maternal long-term outcomes. Methods: The HBV-infected pregnant women treated with antiviral agents to prevent MTCT were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-one pregnant women who received telbivudine or tenofovir during late pregnancy (28-34 week) were analyzed. Hepatitis B virus surface antibody (HBsAb) positivity was tested in 43 infants after 7 months of birth. Eleven mothers were followed >1 year after delivery. Results: The mean HBV DNA titer before antiviral therapy was 8.67 (6.60-9.49) log copies/mL, and the median age at delivery was 32 years (range, 22-40). Eleven patients were treated with tenofovir and 30 with telbivudine. The median duration was 57 days (range, 23-100), and the median HBV DNA titer at birth was 5.06 log copies/mL (range, 2.06-6.50). Antiviral treatments were associated with significant HBV DNA reduction (P<0.001). Among 43 infants (two cases of twins), HBsAb was not detected in two, subsequently confirmed to have HBV infection. Biochemical flare was observed in two of 11 mothers followed >12 months, and an antiviral agent was administered. Conclusions: Antiviral treatment during late pregnancy effectively reduced MTCT. Long-term follow-up should be required in such cases. In addition, given that maternal biochemical flare occurred in 18% of mothers, re-administration of antiviral agents might be required.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2021

국내외에서 80여 종이 넘는 담수 및 해산어류를 감염시켜 대량폐사를 발생시키는 바이러스성 출혈성 패혈증 바이러스(VHSV) 진단검사를 위해 넙치의 여러 조직의 바이러스 발현량에 대한 정량적 데이터를 시간순서에 따라 분석하였다. 무작위 선별된 넙치에 3.0E+07 TCID₅₀ per 0.1mL per fish의 VHSV를 복강 주사하여 시간순서(0시간, 6시간, 12시간, 1일, 2일, 3일, 5일, 7일)에 따라 조직(아가미, 간, 신장, 비장, 근육)을 채취하였다. Real-time PCR 법을 통해 상대 정량한 결과 5일차 아가미, 간, 신장, 비장에서 바이러스의 발현량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이번 연구를 통해 감염 초기단계에서 비장이 VHSV 확정진단을 위한 적정조직임을 입증하였으며, 국내 법정전염병 진단에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2022

Canine babesiosis has been scarcely investigated in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Although it is known that Babesia gibsoni is its primary causative agent, its clinical presentation has not been completely clarified in the ROK. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical appearance of this parasitic infection based on the anamnesis of the patient and compare of hematological and biochemical test results. Four hundred whole blood samples from patients with a presumptive diagnosis of tick-borne disease were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the Babesia spp. 18S rRNA gene and by a rapid diagnostic test kit (VetAll Laboratories^®) to detect B. gibsoni seroreactive animals. Thirty-six (9.0%) dogs were PCR-positive but only 24 (6.0%) were seropositive. The investigation revealed that all the courses of the disease are present in the ROK, with the acute course being predominant. The acute course tends to consist of inappetence, lethargy, pyrexia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and occasionally hematuria. It also occurs with common hematological abnormalities, such as thrombocytopenia and anemia, and to a lesser extent biochemical abnormalities, such as hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated liver enzymes. This research shows that B. gibsoni is an endemic hemoparasite capable of producing a variety of clinical manifestations in dogs. For its accurate diagnosis, a descriptive history of the clinical signs, hematology, and biochemical profile of the patient, along with a well-performing PCR assay, are essential. These findings will help in planning pragmatic preventive strategies against this potent threat in the ROK.