• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2024

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been a remarkable advancement. However, the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of these vaccines in individuals with liver cirrhosis require careful evaluation due to their compromised immune status and potential interactions with underlying liver disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in liver cirrhosis patients. In the present study, we searched international databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. The search strategy was carried out by using keywords and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. STATA ver. 15.0 (Stata Corp., USA) was used to analyze the data statistically. The analysis was performed using the randomeffects model. We also used the chi-square test and I² index to calculate heterogeneity among studies. For evaluating publication bias, Begg's funnel plots and Egger's tests were used. A total of 4,831 liver cirrhosis patients with COVID-19 were examined from 11 studies. The rate of hospitalization in the patients with liver cirrhosis was 17.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9%-44%). The rate of fever in the patients with liver cirrhosis was 4.5% (95% CI, 0.9%-8.1%). The rate of positive neutralizing antibodies in the patients with liver cirrhosis was 82.5% (95% CI, 69.8%-95.1%). Also, the rates of seroconversion after the second vaccination in patients with liver cirrhosis and the control group were 96.6% (95% CI, 92.0%-99.0%), and 99.7% (95% CI, 99.0%-100.0%), respectively. COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated promising efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety profiles in individuals with liver cirrhosis, providing crucial protection against COVID-19-related complications.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.836-843
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• 2005

Objective : Liver cirrhosis is a disease of the liver in which normal cells are replated by scar tissue. Chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis are the foutth ranked causes of death in Korea. However, clinical data on liver cirrhosis is not accumulated in oriental medicine. Therefore, clinical characteristics of 33 liver patients admitted to Hana Oriental Hospital from May 2004 to May 2005 were studied. Methods : Clinical characteristics of liver cirrhosis, such sex, age, causes, Child-Pugh class, chief complain, abdomen ultrasonography, disease duration, past history, blood test and urinalysis were reviewed. Results : The results of this study were as follows: 1 The distribution of sex and age in our study is similar to already reported statistics. 2. Hepatitis B and alcohol are the major factors to cause the liver cirrhosis. Diabetes and hypertention contribute more to cause than they have in previous histories. 3. Major symptoms are following: fatigue 87.9%, ascites 84.8%, jaundice 78.8%, leg edema 72.7%, dyspepsia 45.5%. 4. Most liver cirrhosis patients have pancytopenia. Standard Deviation accentuates the big differences between total bilirubin and serum amonia. 5. In urinalysis, Urobilinogen 19 patients (57.6%), bilirubin 12 patients (36.4%), blood 15 patients (45.5%) are positive. 11 cases of 15 in blood positive results scored $3{\sim}4+$. Contusions : In oriental medicine, it will be necessary to research and develop oriental medical therapies for liver disease including liver cirrhosis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was to develop a method by which the sensitivity of radionuclide liver imaging for detection of liver cirrhosis could be enhanced. Dynamic blood flow scan were performed 21 cases of liver cirrhosis patients by using computerized gamma camera named arterialization index. The results were as follows: 1) Arterialization index were higher in liver cirrhosis comparing to normal value 0.33 and its mean is 2. 02. 2) Comparing to static liver scan, higher sensitivity in dynamic hepatic blood flow scan for detection of liver cirrhosis. Sensitivity for detection of liver cirrhosis is over 90%. 3) There are no correlation between arterialization index and serum albumin level. The use of hepatic dynamic blood flow scan proved effective in detection of liver cirrhosis. However, the test may be used as an aid in distinguishing between normal and pathologic livers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2000

We treated a 53 year-old male patient. He had alcoholic liver cirrhosis and diabetes. The main symptoms were fatigue, ascites, edema, anorexia, indigestion, constipation, and abdominal pain. We diagnosed him as 'the retention of pathogenic damp-heat in the liver and gall bladder’ and adminstered Saenggangeonbi-tang three times a day. We observed clinical symptoms, liver function test(AST, ALT, ${\gamma}-GT$, ALP, total bilirubin), nutritional state(total protein, albumin) and capillary blood glucose. After treatment, all the main symptoms disappeared and the patient's nutritional state has improved. Child's grade using the improvement index in liver cirrhosis has changed from B to A. Although the very mechanism of Saenggangeonbi-tang was not proven, we could suggest that Saenggangeonbi-tang is not toxic to the liver and has a good effect on alcoholic liver cirrhosis with diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.608-616
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• 2004

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the experience of patients with liver cirrhosis. Method: This study was performed from march 2003 to June 2003. The participators were five men. Data collected through in-depth personal interviews, which were recorded and analysed according to the Colazzi's method. Result: Liver cirrhosis was classified into 20 themes, 70 formulated meaning, and 10 categories. The Result confirmed that the experience of liver cirrhosis patients were classified into 10 categories; unexpected change, limited daily living and role, difficult compliance with therapeutic regimen, unbelief so untreated with apathy, negative emotional change, lack of cause perception, self control, perceived family support, expectations for recovery and healing. Conclusion: We, cooperative researchers, realized that to reduce not only the days of hospital treatment and the economic loss, as well as the expenditure of insurance the importance of managing liver cirrhosis from early diagnosis and the physical, spiritual, social role in studying the patients who experience liver cirrhosis.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.292-299
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• 2014

Purpose: This is a study on the structural model that aims to build a path model of multivariates affecting the quality of health-related living for liver cirrhosis patients and specify causal relations affecting the quality of health-related living for liver cirrhosis patients. Methods: The research was conducted on 244 patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and the data were collected from July 2013 to January 2014. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 21.0 statistical programs. Results: All the fit indexes of the path model properly met the assessment criteria. Anxiety, depression, functional status, and perceived health directly affected the quality of health-related living for liver cirrhosis patients and anxiety, depression, and functional status directly affected perceived health. Social support, anxiety, and depression directly affected the functional status. Conclusion: It is necessary to segment the severity of liver cirrhosis in testing its direct and indirect effects on the quality of health-related living for patients with the condition.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1993

This survey was performed to report rare outbreak of liver cirrhosis in Korean native goat (KNG) which was died of Yangpyeong's goat farm on Feb. 1992. The examination for the KNG was carried out by clinical signs, necropsy and various lab-oratory test including parasitic, bacterial and histological test. The KNG looked jaundice, ascite, hemorrhage of lumen, abomasum and intestine, and brownish smooth cirrhotic liver at necropsy. Histological examination for liver revealed considerable proliferation of connective tissue and piecemeal necrosis which was caused by chronic active inflammation in interlobules and intralobules. There were atrophic micro and macro nodules which were sur-rounded by connective tissue. The lobular structure lack almost all central vein. The portal areas appearred proliferation of bile ducts, blood vessels and connective tissues. These connective tissue infiltrated heavily with plasma cells, Iymphocytes and histocytes. Histological examination for brain proved to be hepatic encephalopathy by virture of congestion and edema in cerebral medullary. From these results were demonstrated miked nodular, active, postnecrotic liver cirrhosis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

Hepatic cirrhosis is an important feature of chronic liver disease. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by hyperaccumulation of fibrous tissue components and is commonly observed in latter or terminal states of chronic hepatic disease. The antifibrotic effects on liver cirrhosis by oriental herbs extraction material were examined in bile duct ligated rats. Oriental herbs extraction (0.99 mg/kg rat weight/day) was administrated to cirrohotic rats for 4 weeks. Liver collagen content of bile duct ligated rats was significantly increased. And liver histology showed collagen fiber deposition was increased as well as the normal architecture was lost with large zone of necrosis being observed. Herbs extraction administrated rats showed significantly decreased liver collagen content, accumulation of collagen fiber in histological analysis, and biochemical markers of hepatic diseases. Those results demonstrate the usefulness of herbs extraction materials as an antifibrotic agent for liver cirrhosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 1995

Alcoholic liver disease is defined by the development of three types of liver damage following chronic heavy alcohol consumption, namely, alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis, The clinical features and laboratory tests often do not distinguish among these types of liver injuries. In addition, a considerable number of the patients who have clinical and laboratory features compatible with alcoholic liver disease are diagnosed on liver biopsy to have chronic viral hepatitis or other lesion. Because of these factors, liver biopsy is frequently needed to arrive a definite diagnosis of the disease, its activity, and its chronicity. Fatty liver is usually a benign and reverible condition that disappears on abstinence from alcohol. However, alcoholic hepatitis is usually regarded as a precursor of cirrhosis. The principle factors in the development of alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis are the quantity and length of ingestion of alcohol. women are much more susceptible than men to hepatic injuries. Since only 10 - 20% of alcoholics develop cirrhosis, however, it is conceivable that other factors, either genetic, environmental, or nutritional may contribute in the genesis of liver injuries. The most important factor in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease is prolonzed abstinence from alcohol, since abstinence by itself improves clinical status and survival, Nutritional support in patients with nutritional deficiency, and specific drug therapies such as corticosteroid or anabolic steroids for hospitaliged patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis also play an important role in devreasing morbidity and improving survival. Liver transplantation is a newer treatment modality in the patients with advanced cirrhosis, not responsible to medical treatment.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.622-628
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• 1997

Hepatic cirrhosis is a common response to chronic liver injury from many causes and is one of the most common cause of all deaths. This study was carried out to compare experimental hepatic cirrhosis in rats to understand this disease and to apply for the pharmacokinetics in disease state. Following three kinds of experimental models were induced; 1) Bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/S), 2) N, N-dimethylnitrosamine(DMN), 3) Carbon tetrachloride. The hepatic cirrhosis was characterized by examing the liver/body weight ratio, serum biochemical values, hydroxyproline content in liver and histopathological lesions in cirrhotic rat liver. The results are as follows : (1) In BDL/S, the liver was enlarged to 250% of normal liver. In contrast the liver was shrinked to 48% and 78% of the normal liver in DMN and carbon tetrachloride, respectively. (2) In carbon tetrachloride and BDL/S, the serum ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin levels were significantly increased to 200~300% of normal level, while ALT and total bilirubin levels were significantly increased in DMN group. (3) Hydroxyproline content in cirrhotic rat liver was significantly 200~500% higher than that of normal liver. (4) Nodular formation with fibrosis was observed in BDL/S, DMN, carbon tetrachloride induced cirrhotic rat liver.