• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.765-784
• /
• 2014

In comparison with conventional shape memory actuated structures, antagonistic shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators permits a fully reversible two-way response and higher response frequency. However, excessive internal stress could adversely reduce the stroke of the actuators under repeated use. The two-way shape memory effect might further decrease the range of the recovered strain under actuation of an antagonistic SMA actuator unless additional components (e.g., spring and stopper) are added to regain the overall actuation capability. In this paper, the performance of all four possible types of SMA actuation schemes is investigated in detail with emphasis on five key properties: recovered strain, cyclic degradation, response frequency, self-sensing control accuracy, and controllable maximum output. The testing parameters are chosen based on the maximization of recovered strain. Three types of these actuators are antagonistic SMA actuators, which drive with two active SMA wires in two directions. The antagonistic SMA actuator with an additional pair of springs exhibits wider displacement range, more stable performance under reuse, and faster response, although accurate control cannot be maintained under force interference. With two additional stoppers to prevent the over stretch of the spring, the results showed that the proposed structure could achieve significant improvement on all five properties. It can be concluded that, the last type actuator scheme with additional spring and stopper provide much better applicability than the other three in most conditions. The results of the performance analysis of all four SMA actuators could provide a solid basis for the practical design of SMA actuators.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.119-129
• /
• 2021

Bladder cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Most gene mutations related to bladder cancer are dominantly acquired gene mutations and are not inherited. Previous comparative transcriptome analysis of urinary bladder cancer and control samples has revealed a set of genes that may play a role in tumor progression. Here we set out to investigate further the expression of two candidate genes, centromere protein U (CENPU) and mitochondrial ribosomal protein s28 (MRPS28) to better understand their role in bladder cancer pathogenesis. Our results confirmed that CENPU is up-regulated in human bladder cancer tissues at mRNA and protein levels. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in T24 human urinary bladder cancer cell line revealed a hierarchical relationship between CENPU and MRPS28 in the regulation of cell viability, migration and invasion activity. CENPU expression was also up-regulated in in vivo nude mice xenograft model of bladder cancer and mice overexpressing CENPU had significantly higher tumor volume. In summary, our findings identify CENPU and MRPS28 in the molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer and suggest that CENPU enhances the progression of bladder cancer by promoting MRPS28 expression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.3029-3033
• /
• 2014

Background: Dynamic changes of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) among hospitalized patients with colorectal cancer were determined. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal, descriptive study involved 96 hospitalized patients with colorectal cancer, all recruited from a tertiary general hospital in Guangzhou, China. Patients completed questionnaires three times to assess the degree of fatigue, and measurement points were within one week of admission, at 2 to 3 days after surgery and 3 weeks after surgery. Results: Significant differences among the three measurement points (p<0.01) were observed. The scores of fatigue in the second survey were the highest, followed by the third and first surveys. Colon cancer patient scores were higher than those of rectal cancer patients with a significant difference (p<0.05). Colorectal patients experienced different degrees of fatigue at different periods during hospitalization. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of interventions that are carefully tailored to patients based on the characteristics at different periods to alleviate fatigue.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권11호
• /
• pp.3259-3264
• /
• 2010

A label-free amperometric immunosensor has been proposed for the detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in human serum. To fabricate such an immunosensor, a composite film consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ($EMIMBF_4$) suspension was initially formed on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Then cerium dioxide ($CeO_2$) dispersed by chitosan was coated on the GCE. After that, MPO antibodies (anti-MPO) were attached onto the nano$CeO_2$ surface. With a noncompetitive immunoassay format, the antibody-antigen complex formed between the immobilized anti-MPO and MPO in sample solution. The immunosensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The factors influencing the performance of the immunosensor were studied in detail. Under optimal conditions, the current change before and after the immunoreaction was proportional to MPO concentration in the range of 5 to $300\;ng\;mL^{-1}$ with a detection limit of $0.2\;ng\;mL^{-1}$.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
• /
• pp.912-921
• /
• 1993

A small scale solar greenhouse tray dryer suitable for one or few farmer households is designed in place of sunny ground to dry various agricultural products. The tests on the drying of paddy, groundnut and radish slices by this drying unit have been made. The results indicated that this drying unit had a good heat collecting property, a low heat consumption (4518.7-5676.1 KJ per kg water removal) , a high heat utilizing efficiency (43.75%-54,25%) , a low operation cost (0.057 kwh-0.078 kwh per kg water removal) and good drying quality.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
• /
• pp.877-885
• /
• 1993

Three types of solar grain dryers, namely , the solar grain bin dryer, the solar greenhouse rotary drum dryer and small scale solar green house tray dryer, have been tested. The results showed that each type of solar grain dryer has its feature. These solar drying units have three main advantages : (1) Required commercial energy to remove 1Kg moist from rough rice is only 5.3% to 15.8% of the energy consumed by common heated dryer : 2) The area of solar drying system is only about 10% of the area of the sunny ground to give equal drying capacity ; (3) There are good drying quality in the moisture uniform , germination percentage, and grain color.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.1423-1433
• /
• 2018

This paper is concerned about several quasilinear elliptic systems with m-Laplacians. According to the Liouville theorems of those systems on ${\mathbb{R}}^n$, we obtain the singularity estimates of the positive $C^1$-weak solutions on bounded or unbounded domain (but it is not ${\mathbb{R}}^n$ and their decay rates on the exterior domain when ${\mid}x{\mid}{\rightarrow}{\infty}$. The doubling lemma which is developed by Polacik-Quittner-Souplet plays a key role in this paper. In addition, the corresponding results of several special examples are presented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.863-876
• /
• 2019

Farm animals such as piglets are often affected by environmental stress, which can disturb the gut ecosystem. Antibiotics were commonly used to prevent diarrhea in weaned piglets, but this was banned by the European Union due to the development of antibiotic resistance. However, the use of probiotics instead of antibiotics may reduce the risk posed by pathogenic microorganisms and reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus casei Zhang on the mechanical barrier and immune function of early-weaned piglets infected using Escherichia coli K88 based on histomorphology and immunology. Fourteen-day-old weaned piglets were divided into a control group and experimental groups that were fed L. casei Zhang and infected with E. coli K88 with or without prefeeding and/or postfeeding of L. casei Zhang. The L. casei Zhang dose used was $10^7CFU/g$ diet. Jejunum segments were obtained before histological, immunohistochemical, and western blot analyses were performed. In addition, the relative mRNA expression of toll receptors and cytokines was measured. Piglets fed L. casei Zhang showed significantly increased jejunum villus height, villus height-crypt depth ratio, muscle thickness, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin. The use of L. casei Zhang effectively reduced intestinal inflammation after infection. We found that L. casei Zhang feeding prevented the jejunum damage induced by E. coli K88, suggesting that it may be a potential alternative to antibiotics for preventing diarrhea in early-weaned piglets.

• 공연문화연구
• /
• 제19호
• /
• pp.317-346
• /
• 2009

숭의묘는 유비를 주향으로 하고 관우와 장비를 배향한 것 외에도 제갈량·조운·마초·황충·왕보·주창·조루·관평 이상 8인을 종향한 사당이다. 배향 인물 중 관우가 포함되어 있어 관왕묘의 하나로 인식되고 논의되었다. 이는 기존에 있던 관왕묘인 동묘, 남묘, 북묘에 이어 '서묘(西廟)'라고도 불린 명칭에서도 확인된다. 물론 관우라는 인물을 모셨다는 공통분모 때문에 관왕묘와 숭의묘의 관련성을 배제할 수는 없다. 그렇지만 숭의묘는 관왕묘와 차별되는 면모가 있다. 숭의묘는 배향인물의 측면에서 관왕묘보다 격이 높았고 아악·아악악현·육일무가 수반되어 사용되는 악무(樂舞)의 종류가 현격히 달랐다. 러일전쟁 발발 직후 1904년 4월 27일에 첫 봉안의식이 행해진 후 1908년 7월에 폐지되기까지 숭의묘제례가 행해진 기간은 불과 4년 밖에 안 되었기 때문에 비교적 덜 알려져 있었다. 게다가 숭의묘 터를 조선총독부에서 고아원과 맹아원으로 사용해 버리는 바람에 그 묘역까지 철저히 훼손되어 숭의묘의 기억을 되돌릴 공간마저 잃어버렸다. 그러나 숭의묘제례는 조선의 전통적인 제례용 악무(樂舞)의 형태를 두루 갖추어 중사(中祀)격으로 행례된 중요한 국가제례의 하나였다. 또한 고종이 황제로 즉위한 후 대한제국의 군사력을 강화하려는 강병책의 일환으로 구상된 제례로, 칭제(稱帝) 이후 환구제례와 더불어 새롭게 만들어졌으며, 대한제국 최후의 국가사전이라는 측면에서 큰 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2000

The freshwater green alga Chlorococcum sp. grew on NH_4^{+},{\;}NO_3^{-}$, urea, yeast extract, and peptone as the nitrogen source showing similar pattens of growth and secondary carotenoid (SC) production. However, the most suitable nitrogen source for the induction fo SC was urea. The dffects of nutrient levels (urea, phosphate, sulfate, ferrous iron, and salt) on growth and SC production were stydied by varying the concentration of each nutrient in batch cultures. High biomass production was achieved in cultures containing 20-28 mM urea, 4.8-10 mM phosphate, 1.6 mM sulfate, 70 mM phosphate, 1.6 mM sulfate, 170 mM NACl, and $50{\;}\mu\textrm{M}$ iron. The optimum concentrations of nutrients for biomass and for the SC accumulation in biomass were evaluated and the two media for achieving high biomass production and SC production were thus developed. The extent to which each parameter to stimulate the formation of SC in the alga were varied and the potentially improned SC prodution by manipulating the nutrient levels in the modified media were descussed.