• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.114-117
• /
• 2024

A lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery that uses the reversible reduction of lithium ions to store energy and is the predominant battery type in many industrial and consumer electronics. The lithium-ion batteries are essential to ensure they operate safely. We conducted an exposure assessment five days after a fire in a battery-testing facility. We assessed some of the potentially hazardous materials after a lithium-ion battery fire.We sampled total suspended particles, hydrogen fluoride, and lithium with real-time monitoring of particulate matter (PM) 1, 2.5, and 10 micrometers (㎛). The area sampling results indicated that primary potential hazardous materials such as dust, hydrogen fluoride, and lithium were below the recommended limits suggested by the Korean Ministry of Labor and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Values. Based on our assessment, workers were allowed to return to work.

• 전자통신동향분석
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.90-99
• /
• 2023

Recently, with the trend of information technology convergence and electrification, batteries are being widely used in fields such as industry, transportation, and specific applications. By 2030, the secondary battery market is expected to grow explosively by more than eight times compared with 2020 to $351.7 billion owing to the expanding adoption of electric vehicles. Depending on the electrochemical reactions in the electrode, a primary battery can only discharge through an irreversible reaction, while a secondary battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged using reversible reactions. According to the type of charge carrier ions, secondary batteries may be classified into those made of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and aluminum ions. We analyze the current status and technological issues of lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and solid-state batteries, which are representative examples of lithium secondary batteries. In addition, research trends in lithium secondary batteries are discussed.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.290-294
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 밀도 범함수 이론을 이용하여 Li이온전지에 사용되는 Li코발트 산화물에서의 Li이온 삽입 전압과 전도에 관한 것이다. Li이온은 Li코발트 산화물 원자구조의 각 층을 1개씩 채우거나 한 층을 다 채우고 다음 층을 채울 수 있다. 평균 삽입 전압은 3.48V로 동일하나, 전자가 후자보다 더 유리하였다. 격자상수 c는 Li농도가 0.25보다 작을 때는 증가하였으나, 0.25보다 클 때는 감소하였다. Li농도가 증가하면, Li코발트 산화물에서의 Li이온 전도를 위한 에너지 장벽은 증가하였다. Li이온전지가 방전 중 출력 전압이 낮아지는 현상은 Li농도 증가에 따른 삽입 전압의 감소와 전도 에너지 장벽의 증가로 설명할 수 있었다.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 2008

The effects of carbon-coated silicon anode on the electrochemical properties and structural change were investigated. The carbon-coated silicon powders have been prepared by thermal decomposition under argon/10wt% propylene mixed gas flow at $700^{\circ}C$. The surface and crystal structure of the synthesized materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Lithium cells with electrodes made from the uncoated and the carbon coated silicon anode were assembled and tested. The carbon-coated silicon particles merged together well after the insertion/extraction of lithium ions, and showed a relatively low irreversible capacity compared with the uncoated silicon particle.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 2023

드론의 배터리 시스템은 리튬이온 또는 리튬폴리머 배터리를 사용하는데, 드론 사용 후 폐기 과정에서 화재 원인은 폐기되는 배터리에서 발생하는 가연성 가스인 것으로 알려졌다. 폐기공정에 들어간 배터리는 대부분 산소가 발생했지만 미량의 가연성 가스도 발생했고, 처리에 사용된 장비에서도 다량의 염소 이온과 황산염이 검출됐다. 이를 조기에 감지하는 시스템이 구성된다면 폐기 배터리로 인한 사고 위험을 줄일 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제37권7호
• /
• pp.665-667
• /
• 2013

리튬이온 전지의 양극은 다양한 종류의 전이금속재료로 구성되며, 전지의 성능은 양극을 구성하는 금속재료에 의해 많은 영향을 받는다. 이는, 양극 내부에서 리튬이온의 확산 및 상전이 양상이 재료마다 서로 다르게 나타나기 때문이다. 따라서, 충방전 시 양극 내부 리튬이온의 확산 및 상전이를 이해하는 것은 고용량, 고전압 리튬 이차전지를 설계하기 위해 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 phase field model을 바탕으로 양극 내부의 리튬이온 확산 및 상전이 과정을 분석한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권12호
• /
• pp.3675-3678
• /
• 2010

In-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to elucidate the structural variation of $\alpha-MoO_3$ electrode upon discharge/charge reaction in a lithium ion battery. According to the XAS analysis, hexavalent Mo atoms in $\alpha-MoO_3$ framework are reduced as the amount of intercalated lithium ions increases. As lithium de-intercalation proceeds, most of pre-edge peaks are restored again. However, according to the Fourier transforms of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra, lithium de-intercalation reaction is partially irreversible upon the charge reaction, which is one of the main reasons why the capacity of $\alpha-MoO_3$ electrode decreases upon successive discharge/charge cycles.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.127-130
• /
• 2010

Boron doped fullerene $C_{60}$ ($B:C_{60}$) films were prepared by the thermal evaporation of $C_{60}$ powder using argon plasma treatment. The morphology and structural characteristics of the thin films were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical application of the boron doped fullerene film as a coating layer for silicon anodes in lithium ion batteries was also investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were applied to the $B:C_{60}$ coated silicon electrodes at a scan rate of $0.05\;mVs^{-1}$. The CV results show that the $B:C_{60}$ coating layer act as a passivation layer with respect to the insertion and extraction of lithium ions into the silicon film electrode.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.167-167
• /
• 2014

Graphite is used as a negative electrode active material of Lithium ion capacitor (LIC). At the cathod, electrostatic reaction of EDLC is a very high reaction rate compared to a oxidaion reduction reaction. When the graphite was expanded that the length between the sheet, the intercalation of lithium ions is smoothed. And thus, the power density increases. By measuring the XRD, it was confirmed that the increase in interlayer spacing of graphite. And by measuring an electrochemical reactionin Lithium Ion Battery (LIB), it was confirmed the tendency of power density is improved.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.14-26
• /
• 2014

Copper is an important component from coin metal to electronic wire, integrated circuit, and to lithium battery. Copper oxides, mainly including $Cu_2O$ and CuO, are important semiconductors for the wide applications in solar cell, catalysis, lithium-ion battery, and sensor. Due to their low cost, low toxicity, and easy synthesis, copper oxides have received much research interest in recent year. Herein, we review the crystallization of copper oxides by designing various chemical reaction routes, for example, the synthesis of $Cu_2O$ by reduction route, the oxidation of copper to $Cu_2O$ or CuO, the chemical transformation of $Cu_2O$ to CuO, the chemical precipitation of CuO. In the designed reaction system, ligands, pH, inorganic ions, temperature were used to control both chemical reactions and the crystallization processes, which finally determined the phases, morphologies and sizes of copper oxides. Furthermore, copper oxides with different structures as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries were also reviewed. This review presents a simple route to study the reaction-crystallization-performance relationship of Cu-based materials, which can be extended to other inorganic oxides.