• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.174-178
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• 2001

Soybeans contain the phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein, their glucosides genistin and daidzin and coumesterol. These isoflavonoid compounds are capable of producing an estrogenic response in a number of diverse species. This study determined optimum conditions for the extraction of the main isoflavones(daidzin, genistin, daidzein, genistein) in defatted soybean meal using high-performance liquid chromatography. The best optimum extraction was achieved at 75% ethanol, $80^{circ}C$, pH4 and a three hour contact time. In addition, isoflavones with high purity were separated by adding up to 4%(w/v) of calcium chloride dihydrate. Most soybean extracts were composed of $beta$-glucosidic conjugate(daidzin, genistin) which is difficult to adsorb in body. Therefore, $beta$-glucosidase was used to convert as conjugate to aglycone form (daidzein, genistein) which is easy to adsorb. The optimal conditions of enzyme reaction involved to be 8.4 units of enzyme concentration, pH5.0, $40^{circ}C$ and 40 minutes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.482-488
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• 2007

The optimum conditions for the extraction of lecithin from egg yolk were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). On the basis of the results of preliminary experiments, the most effective values were selected. The effects of three independent variables, dilution ratio, solvent composition, and extraction temperature on the response of crude egg lecithin (g) were then determined. The optimum conditions for egg lecithin separation obtained using ridge analysis were 6.51, 95.83%, and $40.2^{\circ}C$ for the dilution ratio, solvent composition, and extraction temperature, respectively. Using the optimum conditions, 55.04% of crude lecithin in total phospholipid can be obtained from 100 g liquid egg yolk. The experimental values (56.21% crude lecithin in total phospholipid) agreed with the predicted values.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to establish an optimized 1D $^1H$ quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) analytical method for analyzing polar metabolites in meat. Three extraction solutions [0.6 M perchloric acid, 10 mM phosphate buffer, water/methanol (1:1)], three reconstitution buffers [20 mM 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid, phosphate buffer], and two pulse programs (zg30, noesypr1d) were evaluated. Extraction with 0.6 M perchloric acid and 20 mM phosphate resulted in a stable baseline and no additional overlap for quantifying polar metabolites in chicken breast. In qNMR analysis, zg30 pulse program (without water-suppression) showed smaller relative standard deviation (RSD) and faster running time than noesypr1d (water-suppression). High-performance liquid chromatography was compared with qNMR analyses to validate accuracy. The zg30 pulse program showed good accuracy and lower RSD. The optimized qNMR method was able to apply for beef and pork samples. Thus, an optimized 1D $^1H$ qNMR method for meat metabolomics was established.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.1130-1142
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• 2023

Objective: Cow urine possesses several bioactive properties but the responsible components behind these bioactivities are still far from identified. In our study, we tried to identify the possible components behind the antimicrobial activity of cow urine by exploring the peptidome and metabolome. Methods: We extracted peptides from the urine of Sahiwal cows belonging to three different physiological states viz heifer, lactation, and pregnant, each group consisting of 10 different animals. The peptides were extracted using the solid phase extraction technique followed by further extraction using ethyl acetate. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was evaluated against different pathogenic strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The safety of urinary aqueous extract was evaluated by hemolysis and cytotoxicity assay on the BuMEC cell line. The urinary peptides were further fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the fraction(s) containing the antimicrobial activity. The HPLC fractions and ethyl acetate extract were analyzed using nLC-MS/MS for the identification of the peptides and metabolites. Results: A total of three fractions were identified with antimicrobial activity, and nLC-MS/MS analysis of fractions resulted in the identification of 511 sequences. While 46 compounds were identified in the metabolite profiling of organic extract. The urinary aqueous extract showed significant activity against E. coli as compared to S. aureus and S. agalactiae and was relatively safe against mammalian cells. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of cow urine is a consequence of the feeding habit. The metabolites of plant origin with several bioactivities are eliminated through urine and are responsible for their antimicrobial nature. Secondly, the plethora of peptides generated from the activity of endogenous proteases on protein shed from different parts of tissues also find their way to urine. Some of these sequences possess antimicrobial activity due to their amino acid composition.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2024

We present a rapid method for the determination of Cs, Sr, and Ba, heat generators found in highly active liquid wastes, by gas-pressurized extraction chromatography (GPEC) using a column containing a cation-exchange resin. GPEC is a microscale column chromatographic technique that uses a constant flow rate of solvent (0.07 mL/min) with pressurized nitrogen gas supplied through a valve. In particular, because this method uses a small sample volume (a few hundred microliters), it produces less chemical waste and allows for faster separation compared to traditional column chromatography. In this study, we evaluated the separation of Cs, Sr, and Ba using GPEC. The eluate from the column (GPEC or conventional column chromatography) was quantitatively analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to measure the column recovery and precision. The column reproducibility of the proposed GPEC system (RSDs of recoveries) ranged from 2.7 to 4.1 %, and the column recoveries for the three elements ranged from 72 to 98% when aqueous HCl was used as the eluent. The GPEC results are slightly different in efficiency and separation resolution compared to those of conventional column chromatography because of the differences in the eluent flow rate as well as the internal diameter and length of the column. However, the two methods had similar recoveries for Cs and Sr, and the precision of GPEC was improved by two-fold. Remarkably, the solvent volume required for GPEC analysis was five times lower than that of the conventional method, and the total analysis time was 11 times shorter.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2001

Extracts of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai were decreased as the ethanol concentration was increased, but eleutherosides were increased. Extracts were increased as the extraction time was prolonged. Compared to 15 hrs extraction, extract yield and eleutherosides for 5 hrs extraction were 90.6% and 96%, respectively. Yields of extract and eleutherosides were 6.5% and 75% at $100^{\circ}C$. The optimum extraction conditions were obtained from the samples of 4 years' tree harvested at September, which were water and 50% ethanol as solvents, and $90^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs extraction. Soluble solids, minerals, free sugars, free acids, free amino acids and total eleutherosides in the extract of Acanthopanax koreanum were $48.2{\sim}47.4%$, $4.5{\sim}5.3%$, 11.2711.80%, $3.02{\sim}3.18%$, 185.33 mg/100 $g{\sim}$ 348.14 mg/100 g and 990.84 mg/100 $g{\sim}$l,416.10 mg/100 g, respectively. The extract was viscous and yellowish brown liquid.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.55-63
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• 2020

In order to investigate the separation of Co(II) and Ni(II) by ionic liquids from weak hydrochloric acid solutions, extraction experiments were performed by changing the type and concentration of ionic liquids and the initial pH of the aqueous phase. Two kinds of ionic liquids based on Aliquat 336 were employed in this work; one was synthesized by reacting organophosphorus acids(D2EHPA, PC88A, Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301) with Aliquat 336 and the other was prepared by exchanging the chloride ion of Aliquat 336 with SCN^-. The three types of ionic liquids (ALi-D2, ALi-PC, and ALi-CY272) showed better extraction of Co(II) than Ni(II), and the equilibrium pH was higher than the initial pH. In the case of ALi-CY301, the selectivity of Co(II) and Ni(II) depended on the extraction conditions. In addition, the effect of the addition of TBP to the ionic liquid on the extraction of two metals was also investigated. Employment of ALi-SCN as an extractant resulted in selective extraction of Co(II) and complete separation of the two metal ions was possible.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.397-406
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• 2009

The low quality fresh ginseng was extracted by water at $80^{\circ}C$ and 240 bar for 20 min (HPE, High pressure extraction process). The cytotoxicity on human normal kidney cell (HEK293) and human normal lung cell (HEL299) of the extracts from HPE showed 28.43% and 21.78% lower than that from conventional water extraction at $100^{\circ}C$ in adding the maximum concentration of $1.0\;mg/m{\ell}$. The human breast carcinoma cell and lung adenocarcinoma cell growth were inhibited up to about 86%, in adding $1.0\;mg/m{\ell}$ of extracts from HPE. This values were 9-12% higher than those from conventional water extraction. On in vivo experiment using ICR mice, the variation of body weight of mice group treated fresh ginseng extracts from HPE of 100 mg/kg/day concentration was very lower than control and other group. The extracts from HPE was showed longer survival times as 35.65% than that of the control group, and showed the highest tumor inhibition activities compared with other group, which were 70.64% on Sarcoma-180 solid tumor cells. On the high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC), amount of ginsenoside-$Rg_2$, $Rg_3$, $Rh_1$ and $Rh_2$ on fresh ginseng were increased up to 43-183% by HPE, compared with conventional water extracts. These data indicate that HPE definitely plays an important role in effectively extracting ginsenoside, which could result in improving anticancer activities. It can be concluded that low quality fresh ginseng associated with this process has more biologically compound and better anticancer activities than that from normal extraction process.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.954-961
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• 2017

We investigated the purifications of PE-gal and CPN-gal, synthesized by transgalactosylation reaction using recombinant ${\beta}$-gal. The reaction mixture containing PE and PE-gal was first mixed with EA, and thereafter PE and PE-gal were distributed in two-phase (EA/water) system. In this system, PE and PE-gal was selectively moved into EA and water phase, respectively. Then, the water phase was collected, and silica gel chromatography was carried out using the collected water phase. Finally, we compared two purified PE-gal samples using HPLC and TLC analysis, in which the one was purified only by silica gel chromatography and the other was purified by EA extraction followed by silica gel chromatography. In the latter case, the residual PE was almost completely removed, whereas, in the former case, the residual PE was remained remarkably. Additionally, the purification yield of PE-gal was about 21% on the basis of mole. In the same purification protocol, CPN-gal was able to be purified using EA extraction followed by silica gel chromatography, in which the residual CPN was almost removed when CPN-gal was purified by EA extraction followed by silica gel chromatography.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2012

In this study, effective gene extraction methods were compared to identify raw materials of processed meat products through molecular biological methods. Species specific primers were used to identify ingredients of processed foods and, as a sample, 13 kinds of processed meat products including beef, pork and chicken. According to the type of sample, 13 kinds of samples were classified into liquid type, source type and powder type. The samples were pre-treated (centrifugation) and (or) performed Whole Gene Amplification (WGA) kit for amplification of the extracted DNA. As a result, it was possible to identify the raw material of products through the centrifugation of sample 1 ml for liquid type of processed meat products. For source type of products after gene extraction, it was required to perform WGA for the identification of ingredients. For powder type products did not required any further pre-treatment and WGA. In this study, it was an opportunity to confirm the possibility of identification of raw material from the gene extraction of processed meat products and this method could be used to examine the authenticity of raw material of products.