• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8411-8418
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• 2016

The effect of Eruca sativa seed extract (SE) on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene expression levels was investigated in rat mammary gland carcinogenesis induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(${\alpha}$)anthracene (DMBA). DMBA increased NF-${\kappa}B$, COX-2 and Bcl-2 gene expression levels and lipid peroxidation (LP), while, decreased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and total antioxidant concentration (TAC) compared to the control group. After DMBA administration, SE treatment reduced NF-${\kappa}B$, COX-2 and Bcl-2 gene expression levels and LP. Hence, SE treatment reduced inflammation and cell proliferation, while increasing apoptosis, GST and SOD activities and TAC. Analysis revealed that SE has high concentrations of total flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids and polyphenolic compounds such as gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, 3,4-dicaffeoyl quinic, 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic, tannic, cinnamic acids, catechin and phloridzin. These findings indicate that SE may be considered a promising natural product from cruciferous vegetables against breast cancer, especially given its high antioxidant properties.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2010

The objective of our study was to investigate the major reasons for the different growth and visible injury on the needles of black pine growing in Ulsan and Yeocheon industrial complex areas, South Korea. After 12 years of growth, we collected climatic and air pollutant data, and analyzed soil properties and the physiological characteristics of black pine needles. Annual and minimum temperatures in Ulsan were higher than those in Yeocheon from 1996 to 2008. Ozone ($O_3$) was the pollutant in greatest concentration in Yeocheon, and whereas the $SO_2$ concentration in most areas decreased gradually during the whole period of growth, $SO_2$ concentration in Yeocheon has increased continuously since 1999, where it was the highest out of four areas since 2005. Total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity in Yeocheon soil were significantly lower than those of Ulsan. The average growth of black pine in Yeocheon was significantly smaller than that in Ulsan, and the growth of damaged trees represented a significant difference between the two sites. Photosynthetic pigment and malondialdehyde content and antioxidative enzyme activity in the current needles of black pine in Yeocheon were not significantly different between damaged and healthy trees, but in 1-year-old needles, there were significant differences between damaged and healthy trees. In conclusion, needle damage in Yeocheon black pine can be considered the result of long-term exposure to oxidative stress by such as $O_3$ or $SO_2$, rather than a difference in climatic condition or soil properties, and the additional expense of photosynthate needed to overcome damage or alleviate oxidative stress may cause growth retardation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2009

This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of solvent extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis. The S. baicalensis was successively extracted with 5 kinds of solvents. The obtained samples were as follows; hexan fraction (IPK-1), chloroform fraction(IPK-2), ethyl acetate fraction(IPK-3), butanol fraction(IPK-4), and water fraction(IPK-5). These extracts were determined to process antibacterial effects using a paper disc method against 18 species of human pathogenic bacteria, antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method and inhibiting ability of linoleic acid autoxidation. Extracts of S. baicalensis has shown selective antibacterial effects on various strains of bacteria. Ethyl acetate fraction(IPK-3) showed the highest antimicrobial activity against selective bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus 285, S. aureus 503. In antioxidant activity test, free radical scavenger activity of IPK-3 fraction was 92% compared with BHA at the same concentration, while lipid peroxidation inhibition was 48%. These results suggest that IPK-3 fraction of S. baicalensis could be suitable in development of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2005

Six kinds of spirulina added dressing $(0\~1.09\%)$ were prepared and their rheological, physical and sensory characteristics were evaluated The hardness and adhesiveness of spirulina-added salad dressing were increased with the added amounts of spirulina. Viscosity of spirulina-added salad dressing was not significantly different up to $0.28\%$ whereas that of dressing added more than $0.55\%$ spirulina significantly increased, compared with that without spirulina. Emulsion stability of all of spirulina-added salad dressings was $40\%$ Antioxidant activities of spirulina-added salad dressing increased with spirulina increased: $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of $0.28\%$ added-dressing were 104.98 mg/mL and $6.71{\mu}g/mL$ of TBARS, respectively, which were higher than those of mayonnaise. The fat globule size of $0.28\%$ spirulina-added salad dressing was distributed within $0.5\~4.0{\mu}m$, of which $85.6\%$ of total fat globules were consisted of the size of less than $1.5\{\mu}m$. Total microbial number of salad dressing was 6.2log(CFU/mL), but E coli was not detected Sensory preference test of spirulina-added salad dressing showed that scores of appearance, flavor, viscosity and over-all preference for $0.28\%$ added-dressing were the highest with 7.83, 7.50, 5.33 and 7.97, respectively. Based on these results, spirulina-added salad dressing might have heath promoting effect showing antioxidant activity, and the most appropriate concentration of spirulina for salad dressing was $0.28\%$.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.34-34
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• 2017

Various extracts of roots, stems, and leaves of Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3' were evaluated for total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. The conjugate form of stem samples contained the highest total phenolics ($5.092{\pm}0.739mg$ gallic acid equivalent per g dry weight） and the highest total flavonoids ($2.218{\pm}0.021mg$ rutin equivalent per g dry weight) was found in the hexane extract of leaves. The ethyl acetate extract of roots showed the maximum antioxidant activity as compared to other extracts. Of which, the $IC_{50}$ value of this sample were 0.070 mg/mL and 0.450 mg/mL in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and reducing power, respectively, while the lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPI) value was as 94.2% by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching method. Five phenolic compounds including caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, ellagic acid, and cinnamic acid were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is suggested that roots of the hybrid Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3' can be explodited as an effective source of antioxidants.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2007

The fruits and stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten have been reported to exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions, including antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer effects. In the present study, we evaluated effects of the butanol fraction (SK OFB901) prepared from the 50% ethanol extract of the stems on various types of neuronal injuries induced by oxidative stress, excitotoxins, and amyloid ${\beta}\;(A_{\beta})$ in primary cultured rat cortical cells. Its antioxidant and radical scavenging activities were also evaluated by cell-free bioassays. We found that SK OFB901 strongly inhibited the oxidative neuronal damage induced by $H_2O_2$ or xanthine/xanthine oxidase. In addition, it exhibited marked inhibition of the excitotoxic neuronal damage induced by glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, or kainate. Furthermore, the $A_{\beta(25-35)}$-induced neurotoxicity was also significantly attenuated by SK OFB901. It was found to inhibit lipid peroxidation initiated by $Fe^{2+}$ and L-ascorbic acid in rat brain homogenates and scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. These results indicate that the butanol fraction prepared from the stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten exerts potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects through multiple mechanisms, implying its potential applications for the prevention or management of neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and $A{\beta}$.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.230-236
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• 2009

Acrolein, a known toxin in cigarette smoke, is the most abundant electrophilic $\alpha$, $\beta$-unsaturated aldehyde to which humans are exposed in a variety of environmental pollutants, and is also product of lipid peroxidation. Increased unsaturated aldehyde levels and reduced antioxidant status plays a major role in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's and atherosclerosis. The findings reported here show that low concentrations of acrolein induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. HO-1 induction by acrolein and signal pathways was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining analyses. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity significantly attenuated the induction of HO-1 protein by acrolein, while suppression of Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 activity did not affect induction of HO-1 expression. Moreover, rottlerin, an inhibitor of protein kinase $\delta$, suppressed the upregulation of HO-1 protein production, possibly involving the interaction of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which has a key role as a HO-1 transcription factor. Acrolein elevated the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in nuclear extraction. The results suggest that RAW 264.7 may protect against acrolein-mediated cellular damage via the upregulation of HO-1, which is an adaptive response to oxidative stress.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.494-499
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 유아의 분변에서 분리한 항산화 효과를 갖는 유산균인 Lactobacillus gasseri KACC 91155의 Jurkat T cell line에서의 지질 과산화 억제 효과, 세포 보호 효과 및 DNA 손상 억제 효과를 측정하였다. 그 결과 1. gasseri 91155는 세포 산화에 의해 생성된 지질 과산화물인 MDA의 생성을 방지하였으며, 또한 뚜렷하게 세포 생존성을 증가시켰다. 그리고 산화적 손상으로부터 DNA 손상을 줄여주는 효과를 나타내었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4981-4985
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Targeting autophagic cell death is emerging as a novel strategy in cancer chemotherapy. Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the rate limiting step of the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism; besides reducing glucose to sorbitol, AR reduces lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates. A complex interplay between autophagic cell death and/or survival may in turn govern tumor metastasis. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the potential role of AR inhibition using a novel inhibitor Fidarestat in the regulation of autophagy in CRC cells. Materials and Methods: For glucose depletion (GD), HT-29 and SW480 CRC cells were rinsed with glucose-free RPMI-1640, followed by incubation in GD medium +/- Fidarestat ($10{\mu}M$). Proteins were extracted by a RIPA-method followed by Western blotting ($35-50{\mu}g$ of protein; n=3). Results: Autophagic regulatory markers, primarily, microtubule associated protein light chain (LC) 3, autophagy-related gene (ATG) 5, ATG 7 and Beclin-1 were expressed in CRC cells; glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as an internal reference. LC3 II (14 kDa) expression was relatively high compared to LC3A/B I levels in both CRC cell lines, suggesting occurrence of autophagy. Expression of non-autophagic markers, high mobility group box (HMG)-1 and Bcl-2, was comparatively low. Conclusions: GD +/- ARI induced autophagy in HT-29 and SW-480 cells, thereby implicating Fidarestat as a promising therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer; future studies with more potent ARIs are warranted to fully dissect the molecular regulatory networks for autophagy in colorectal carcinoma.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of medicinal plants used by diabetic patients. Fourteen medicinal plants were selected and antioxidant activity such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, inhibition effect of linoleic acid autoxidation and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value were measured. The Cornus officinalis had DPPH radical scavenging activity of 84.79%, which was higher than the 78.79% for $\alpha$-tocopherol. Rosa rugosa Thunberg, Pueraria thundergiana Bentham, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis and Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai also had high values. Extracts with higher DPPH radical scavenging activities had higher total phenol concentrations, and positive correlations between these parameters were found. Inhibitory activities of linoleic acid autoxidation, LDL oxidation and TBA value, used as indices of oxidative stress, were observed in most of the selected medicinal plants. The highest inhibitory activity for TBA value was observed in the extract of Pueraria thundergiana Bentham. Rosa rugosa Thunberg (75.50 %), Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai (74.00 %), and Cornus officinalis (73.00 %) all had high antioxidant activity against linoleic acid autoxidation, similar to that of $\alpha$-tocopherol. The same 3 plants also had high in inhibitory activity against LDL oxidation. Therefore, we demonstrated that medicinal plants used as folk remedy by diabetic patients had antioxidant activity. Especially, Rosa rugosa Thunberg, Cornus officinalis, Pueraria thundergiana Bentham, Arlemisia princeps var. orientalis, and Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai had high phenol concentrations which resulted in high values for DPPH radical scavenging. These same plants exhibited high values for inhibitory activities for TBA value, linoleic acid autoxidation and LDL oxidation, indices associated with lipid peroxidation.