• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.269-272
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• 2002

Ethanol and butanol fractionation of E. senticosus showed strong anti-oxidant activity, and methanol and water extracts also had high anti-oxidant activity. The anti-oxidant activities in ethanol and butanol fractionation were higher than or similar to those of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. The cytotoxic effect of root extract of E. senticosus was evaluated on seven different human cancer cell lines, The extracts of leaf and stem of E. senticosus also had strong antioxidant activity, but the antioxidant activity in root extract was higher than those in leaf and stem extracts. Methanol, hexane, and aqueous fraction layer had much higher inhibitory activities on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes compared with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. The effect of root extract of E. senticosus was evaluated on six human cancer cell lines. The values of 50% growth inhibition $(GI_{50})$ for the extracts were mostly below $30{\mu}g/ml$, and the extracts are considered as active inhibitory compounds on cancer cells.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.342-349
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the applicability of the ground parts such as flower (GF), berry (GR), and leaf (GL) from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. The ground parts were extracted from hot water (WE) and 60% ethanol (EE). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 15.02-32.74 and 21.60-484.05 mg GAE/g, respectively. Hot water extract of ginseng leaf (GLWE) and 60% ethanol extract of ginseng leaf (GLEE) showed higher total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents than other extracts. Crude saponin contents were found in the range of 15.30-37.27%. Antioxidant activity of these extracts from ginseng was also analyzed by DPPH, ABTS, H₂O₂ scavenging activity, reducing power, and inhibition effect on lipid peroxidation. We confirmed the results that hot water extract of ginseng leaf (GLWE), 60% ethanol extract of ginseng leaf (GLEE) has high anti-oxidative effects. According to the antioxidant activity results of each extract of ginseng flower, ginseng berry, and ginseng leaf, it is judged that their availability is very high, and if proper processing is performed, it can be used as a functional raw material.

• ALGAE
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2010

In this study, we assessed the antioxidant properties of tidal pool microalgae, Halochlorococcum porphyrae and Oltamannsiellopsis unicellularis, from Jeju Island, Korea. Specifically, the antioxidant activity of fractions isolated from 80% methanol extract, and digests produced from five proteases and carbohydrases, were investigated. Almost all the fractions and the 80% methanol extract exhibited higher effects on 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest superoxide anion scavenging activity, while both n-hexane and chloroform fractions exhibited higher $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity. Among the enzymatic digests from H. porphyrae and O. unicellularis, all the digests exhibited remarkable DPPH scavenging activities. In nitric oxide inhibition, all the digests recorded significantly higher effects than those of the commercial antioxidants (p < 0.05). Flavozyme and Neutrase digests from H. porphyrae, and Termamyl and Alcalase digests from O. unicellularis, showed significant effects in metal chelating. Lipid peroxidation was significantly inhibited in the ethyl acetate fraction, in the Celluclast and Protamex digests from H. porphyrae, and in the chloroform fraction from O. unicellularis. These findings suggest that the two tidal pool microalgae tested in this study are rich in potential antioxidative compounds, the specific properties of which can be considered for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2009

The present study deals with the amelioration by Lagerstroemia speciosa Linn. leaf extract against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$), which was evaluated in terms of serum marker enzymes like serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, serum total bilirubin, total protein levels along with concomitant hepatic and antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation enzymes were monitored. These biochemical parameters altered by the single dose level of $CCl_4$ (0.75 ml/kg body weight, i.p). Pre treatment with L. speciosa prior to the administration of $CCl_4$, at the doses of 50 and 250 mg/kg. body weight/day, p.o. for 7 days, significantly restored all the serum and liver tissue parameters near to the normal levels, respectively. Silymarin was used as a reference standard, prior to the administration of $CCl_4$ to rats. These findings indicate the protective potential of L. speciosa against hepato toxicity which possibly involve mechanism related to its ability of selective inhibitors of (reactive oxygen species like antioxidants brought about significant inhibition of TBARS suggesting possible involvement of $O_2{\cdot}-$, $HO_2{\cdot}$, and ${\cdot}OH$. In conclusion, the amelioration may be attributed to the synergistic effects of its constituents rather than to any single factor as the leaves are rich in tannins, sterols, flavonoids, saponins etc.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2010

Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), mostly distributed and maricultured in southwestern coastal areas of South Korea, is recognized as an economically important species in the fishery industry. Abalone intestines are one of the by-products of abalone processing. To investigate abalone intestines as bioactive substances, abalone intestine gastrointestinal digests (AIGIDs) of various molecular weights (MWs) were prepared using in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and an ultrafiltration system, and tested for inhibitory effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in macrophage cells treated with hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$). In our results, among AIGIDs, AIGID-III (MW=5-10 kDa) showed potent inhibitory activities for lipid peroxidation and free radicals. Additionally, the results clearly indicated that AIGID-III treatment could prevent cytotoxic damage of macrophages by $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress due to its potent scavenging ability against cellular ROS. These results suggest that AIGIDs may have protective and therapeutic potential for oxidative stress syndromes and immune diseases through ROS inhibition in macrophage cells.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.584-590
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• 2000

Natural products are one of the useful source of cardiovascular drugs, in particular, when they have antioxidant activity. Gagaminine, an alkaloid isolated from the roots of Cynanchum wilfordi Hemsley, has been reported to potently inhibit the aldehyde oxidase activity ({TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}=0.8$\mu$M) and reduce lipid peroxidation. However, the effect of gagaminine on vascular smooth muscle has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we examined whether gagaminine relaxes vascular smooth muscle by isometric tension study. In order to observe its relaxation effect on the arteries, conductivel vessel (rat thoracic aorta) and resistance vessel (pig coronary artery) were purposely used. Results indicated that gagaminine relaxed in a concentration-dependent manner $\alpha$-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction of rat aorta. Pretreatment with gagaminine inhibited PE-induced contraction, noncompetitively. {TEX}$Ca^{2+}${/TEX}-induced contraction was significantly diminished by gagaminine. In pig coronary artery, gagaminine relaxed thromboxane receptor (U 46619)-mediated contraction in dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with gagaminine also reduced the maximum contraction induced by KCl. These observations strongly suggest that agagminnine relaxes vascular smooth muscle, irrespective of both resistance and conductive artery. We demonstrate that gagaminine, a potent natural antioxidant, has a significant vasodilatory effect and its action mechanism van be ascribed at least in part to {TEX}$Ca^{2+}${/TEX} antagonistic action as evidenced by inhibition {TEX}$Ca^{2+}${/TEX}-induced contraction (rat aorta) and KCl-induced contraction (porcine artery). Furthermore, neither $\alpha$ -adrenoceptor nor thromboxane receptor seems responsible for the relaxation of gagaminine.

• 생약학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative activities of domestic plants grown in the area of Kangwon-do province. Through the examination of methanol extracts from 15 plants for radical scavenging effects using DPPH method, the extracts from Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. And Euphorbia humifusa Willd. Showed strong antioxidative activity. Because of its highest antioxidative activity among 15 domestic plants, radical scavenging effects of four different extract compartments from leaves of P.densiflora, n-Hexane, EtOAc, BuOH and $H_2O$ extracts. Were examined by DPPH method. Antioxidative activities of EtOAc and BuOH extracts were similar or even higher than that of natural (tocopherol) or synthetic antioBfdants (BHA) , suggesting that major fraction for the antioxidative activity of P. densiflora was the EtOAc and BuOH extract compartments.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.210-215
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• 2013

Ionizing radiation can induce cellular oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in cell damage and cell death. The aim of this study was to determine whether the antioxidant effects of the flavonoid fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) included the radioprotection of cells exposed to ${\gamma}$-irradiation. Fisetin reduced the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species generated by ${\gamma}$-irradiation and thereby protected cells against ${\gamma}$-irradiation-induced membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and protein carbonylation. In addition, fisetin maintained the viability of irradiated cells by partially inhibiting ${\gamma}$-irradiation-induced apoptosis and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. These effects suggest that the cellular protective effects of fisetin against ${\gamma}$-irradiation are mainly due to its inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2001

오존층 파괴에 의해 지표면에 도달하는 자외선, 특히 UV-B(ultraviolet-B radiation, 280∼320nm)의 방사량이 증가하고 있다. UV-B는 유전자의 직접적인 손상, 호르몬 분해, 광합성 억제 등 생리·생화학적 대사기구에 영향을 미쳐 육상 생태계와 안정된 식량 확보에 큰 위협이 되고 있다. 그러나 식물은 UV-B에 대한 방어 기능을 갖고 있으며 형태적 적응, 광 회복 기능, UV-흡수물질의 생합성 촉진 등을 통해 UV-B로부터 생체를 보호한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2002

Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves neuronal degeneration with impaired cholinergic transmission, particularly in areas of the brain associated with learning and memory. Several cholinesterase inhibitors are widely prescribed to ameliorate the cognitive deficits in AD patients. In an attempt to examine if tacrine and donepezil, two well-known cholinesterase inhibitors, exhibit additional pharmacological actions in primary cultured rat cortical cells, we investigated the effects on neuronal injuries induced by glutamate or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), $\beta$-amyloid fragment ( $A_{{beta}25-35)}$), and various oxidative insults. Both tacrine and donepezil did not significantly inhibit the excitotoxic neuronal damage induced by glutamate. However, tacrine inhibited the toxicity induced by NMDA in a concentration-dependent fashion. In addition, tacrine significantly inhibited the $A_{{beta}25-35)}$-induced neuronal injury at the concentration of 50 $\mu$M. In contrast, donepezil did not reduce the NMDA- nor $A_{{beta}25-35)}$-induced neuronal injury. Tacrine and donepezil had no effects on oxidative neuronal injuries in cultures nor on lipid peroxidation in vitro. These results suggest that, in addition to its anticholinesterase activity, the neuroprotective effects by tacrine against the NMDA- and $A_{{beta}25-35)$-induced toxicity may be beneficial for the treatment of AD. In contrast, the potent and selective inhibition of central acetylcholinesterase appears to be the major action mechanism of donepezil.