• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2010

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile sea cucumber. For 12 weeks, three replicate groups of sea cucumber (average weight 1.4 g) were fed one of three diets, containing squid liver oil (SLO), soybean oil (SO), or linseed oil (LO) as a dietary lipid source, or a control diet (CON) without added lipids. Sea cucumber survival was not significantly different among dietary treatments (P>0.05). The highest weight gain was observed in sea cucumber fed the SLO diet, whereas the weight gain of sea cucumber fed the SO diet was the lowest among dietary treatments (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents of whole sea cucumber body among dietary treatments (P>0.05). Concentrations of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were significantly higher in sea cucumber fed the SLO diet than in those fed on the other diets. The highest 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 contents were observed in sea cucumber fed the SO and LO diets, respectively. The results of this study suggest that squid liver oil could be used as a good lipid source in formulated diets for juvenile sea cucumber.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2009

This study is to find out the antioxidative effect and serum and liver lipid composition of wild grape juice in vivo. Forty 6-week-old white Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups such as normal lipid group, normal lipid group with wild grape juice, oxidized lipid (basic diet plus 10% of oxidative lipid) group and oxidized lipid group with wild grape juice, and 2ml juice was provided everyday. After 4 weeks of feeding with experimental diet each groups were examined for the antioxidant enzyme activity in blood and liver microsome and their serum and liver lipid composition. Glutanthione peroxidase activity in blood was significantly higher in oxidized lipid group with wild grape juice than in oxidized lipid group. Glutanthione peroxidase activity showed no difference depending on wild grape juice supplementation. Glutanthione peroxidase activity in liver was significantly higher in the groups with wild grape juice than in the groups supplemented only with oxidized lipid. Glutanthione reductase activity showed no difference depending on the supplementation of wild grape juice. Serum triglyceride level in the group supplemented with oxidized lipid diet and wild grape juice showed similar value to the normal lipid group and the normal lipid group with wild grape juiceoxidized fa6. Liver total lipid in the group supplemented with oxidized lipid and wild grape juice showed similar value to the normal lipid group and the group supplemented with normal lipid and wild grape juice. And it was lower than that of oxidative lipid group without juice. The liver triglyceride level in the group supplemented with normal lipid and wild grape juice was lower than that in the oxidative lipid group, but it was as low as in the group supplemented only with normal lipid.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.305-311
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• 1998

These studies were undertaken to investigate changes of neutral lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined. Also accumulation process of monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride content, and fatty acid composition were investigated during the development. The results were summarized as follows ; Changes of lipid during development sesame seeds, glycolipid contents which showed the highest in the early ripening stage and after that rapidly decreased, and phospholipid contents showed a similar pattern as glycolipid occurred. In contrast, the content of neutral lipid was rapidly increased by 29.21% 10 days after flowering(DAF), and showed the highest value by 91.84% at 40th day after flower. The neutral lipid, triglyceride content was rapidly increased as the seeds developed, and consisted of over 60% of the neutral lipid since 30 DAF. In the changes of neutral lipid, phospholipid and glycolipid, stearic acid and palmitic acid decreased during the seed ripening. However, oleic acid and linoleic acid increased during the same periods. Linolenic acid, which showed relatively higher value in the early ripening stage, but rapidly decreased as much as 1% at the later ripening stage.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2015

Production of biodiesel from microalgae is dependent on the microalgal lipid content and free fatty acid composition. Both lipid and free fatty acid are regulated by nutrient sources. In this study, newly developed mutant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with higher lipid content was investigated for the effect of nutrient limitation. Nitrogen $NO_3{^{-}}$ and phosphate $PO_4{^{3-}}$ were limited for nutrient starvation during the cultivation. Under nutrient starvation, total lipid content level was increased to 27~33% and C16:0 fatty acid content constituted over 31~43% of total fatty acid. Interestingly, we also found that the expression of fatty acid desaturase (FAD7) was decreased when nutrients were starved.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.7.1-7.6
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• 2017

A feeding trial was designed to assess the effects of dietary protein and lipid content on growth, feed utilization efficiency, and muscle proximate composition of juvenile mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri. Six experimental diets were formulated with a combination of three protein (35, 45, and 55%) and two dietary lipid levels (7 and 14%). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish ($8.3{\pm}0.1g$) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance in terms of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing dietary protein level from 35 to 55% at the same dietary lipid level. At the same dietary lipid content, WG and SGR obtained with diets containing 55% protein was significantly higher than those obtained with diets containing 45 and 35% protein. No significant effect on growth rate was found when the dietary level of lipid was increased from 7 to 14%. While the levels of protein and lipid in the diets had no significant effect on feed intake, other nutrient utilization efficiency parameters including daily protein intake (DPI), feed efficiency (FE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) showed a similar trend to that of growth rates, with the highest values obtained with diets containing 55% protein. Muscle chemical composition was not significantly affected by the different dietary treatments for each dietary lipid or protein level tested. These findings may suggest that a practical diet containing 55% protein and 7% lipid provides sufficient nutrient and energy to support the acceptable growth rates and nutrient utilization of mandarin fish juveniles.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 1992

The effects of chlorine treatment on the lipid composition of wheat flour were studied by treating flour with different amounts (1, 2 and 4 ounces per 100 pounds of flour) of liquidized chlorine gas. The contents of free lipid increased slightly while those of the bound lipid decreased at all levels of chlorine used. The contents of neutral lipid in the free lipid decreased while those in the bound lipid increased as the level of chlorine increased. The contents of triglycerides in the free and bound lipids decreased as the level of chlorine increased. As the level of chlorine increased, digalactosyl diglycerides in the bound lipid decreased, whereas those in the free lipid increased within the range of 1 to 2 oz of chlorine. The phosphatidylcholine content in the free and bound lipids decreased while the lysophosphatidylcholine increased in both free and bound lipids as the level of chlorine increased. The content of saturated fatty acids increased while that of unsaturated ones decreased as the level of chlorine increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.436-442
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• 1992

The present study was designed to analyze the lipid and fatty acid compositions of ark shell, Anadara broughtonii. The crude lipid was extracted by Bligh and Dyer's method, and then fractionated by TLC and quantitatively analyzed by TLC scanner. Lipid extracted from ark shell was fractionated into neutral and polar lipid by column chromatography with silicic acid. The fatty acid composition of lipid fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Total lipid content of ark shell was 0.83% base on wet weight. The content of unsaponifiable matter was 20.19%, and iodine value was 156.13. The main components of total lipids were triglyceride, diglyceride, hydrocarbon, and sterol ester. The fatty acid composition of total lipid chiefly consisted of $C_{17 : 0}$, $C_{16 : 0}$, $C_{18 : 1}$ and $CT_{16 : 1}$. The main fatty acids of neutral lipid were $C_{16 : 0}$, $C_{18 : 1}$, $C_{22 : 1}$, $C_{18 : 0}$ and $C_{16 : 1}$. The major fatty acids of polar lipid were $C_{16 : 0}$, $C_{18 : 2}$, $C_{20 : 5}$ and $C_{22 : 6}$. In total lipid fractionation, saturated acid contents were high in all (SA>MA＞ PA), in neutral lipid fractionation, menoenoic acid contents were high in all (MA > SA> PA), and in polar lipid fractionation, saturated acid con-tents were high in all (SA> PA> MA).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.614-620
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• 2019

Microalgae have been explored as potential host species for biofuel production. Environmental factors affect algal growth and cellular composition. The effects of several key environmental factors, such as temperature, light, and pH of the medium on the growth and biochemical composition of Scenedesmus obliquus were investigated in this study. The highest growth rate of microalgae was observed at an optimal temperature of 25℃, 150 μmol/(m²·s) light intensity, and pH 10.0. The biochemical composition analysis revealed that the carbohydrate content decreased at lower (20℃) or higher temperature (35℃), whereas the protein and lipid contents increase at these temperatures. The fluctuation of light intensity significantly affected the contents of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid. The protein levels varied greatly when the pH of the medium was below 7.0. The carbohydrate and lipid contents significantly increased at pH above 7.0.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.477-491
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• 1990

To observe the effect of dietary n6 linoleic acid, n6 gamma-linolenic acid and n3 alphalinolenic acid aon plasma lipid composition and platelet aggregation, twenty college women were divided into 4 groups and treated for 2 weeks with experimental diets supplying fat at 23% cal which were different only in fatty acid composition. Dietary fat was corn oil(CO) as a source of n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) and evenign primrose oil(EPO) for n6 gamma-linolenic acid(GLA). Plasma cholesterol level was slightly decreased by PL(13.5g) but significantly increased by equal amount of CO. However, there was similar hypocholeaterolemic effect when double amount of CO(27.0g), was supplemented. Therefore, total fat unsaturation may be more important factor for plasma cholesterol-lowering effect than the structure of fatty acid itself. Plasma cholesterol level was not lowered by supplement of GLA in CO diet. There was similar trend in hypotriglyceridemic effect by PO and CO as in plasma cholesterol. Plasma TG level was rather increased but not significantly by GLA supplement to CO diet. Overall, plasma lipid-lowering effect was greater by ALA than LA and GLA effect was not greater than by LA. GLA supplement did not significantly improve lipid compositions to prevent against CHD. There was no significant change both in fatty acid composition in platelet and ADP-induced platelet aggregation by GLA supplement to corn oil diet and by ALA in PO diet in young women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1187-1190
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• 1999

Lotus seed(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner), known as traditional medicine as an antifebrile, antipsychotic, and cantihypertensive agent, was analyzed the chemical composition of lipid and protein. The seed com posed of 12.2% moisture, 2.3% crude lipid, 19.5% crude protein, 61.3% carbohydrate, 2.1% crude fibre, and 4.1% ash. The lipid showed iodine value of 97.9 that is lower than that of soybean oil and sesame oil, and similar to peanut oil and cotton seed oil. The fatty acid composition of the oil were the highest in content of linoleic acid which occupied 58.3% and saturated vs unsaturated fatty acid was 20.9:79.1. Especially behenic acid content, 6.9%, was higher than other plant oils. Sixteen amino acids were detected in the protein from the seed and glutamic acid content was the highest as 4.5% in dehulled kernel. The portion of essential amino acid was 31.1%.