• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of lip anteroposterior position based on esthetic line on the perceived attractiveness. Materials and Methods: We selected a 20s female standard lateral photograph which was within average range of cephalometric analysis, modified lips anteroposterior position based on esthetic line into 5 pictures. This study investigated and compared the preference of facial profile among the groups; male : female and dental relevance: non-dental relevance. Total 255 judges (male : female=138 : 117, relevant : non-relevant=159 : 96) who were 20s to 30s were asked to rate these photographs based in lip attractiveness using visual analogue scale (VAS). Result: All groups had similarity the average of VAS of moved backward lips 2 mm were highest and moved forward lips 4 mm were lowest. Comparing between male group and female group, there were significant differences in all pictures except for original which was not modified. In the dental groups, moved forward lips 2 mm had significant difference and the average in dental relevant group were lower than non-relevant group in lip protrusion. Conclusion: The preference about lip protrusion was similar irrespective of dental knowledge or gender. All groups preferred retrusion of lips to protrusion of lips. In female group, they had higher the average of VAS. In relevant group, they disliked protrusion rather than retrusion of lips significantly.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-42
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• 2002

This study was designed to evaluate the morphology and the position of the mandible in the complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients, Craniofacial skeletal morphology pattern was analyzed on the lateral cephalometric radiographs of the 50 subjects of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, the 50 normal and 50 class III, Each group was divided into child and adult sub-groups, All the data were tested statistically. The results were as follows: I, In the comparison with the normal group, complete cleft group showed smaller angular, condylar length, clockwisely rotated mandible and larger NMe/SGo(p<0.01). 2, In the comparison with the class III group, the complete cleft group showed significantly smaller angular, condylar, ramal, body length of the mandible(p<0,01). 3. As for the position of the mandibular condyle to the cranial base, the class III group was the most anterior, the normal group was the most posterior and the complete cleft group was in the middle(p<0.05). 4. In the comparison with child group, the normal adult group showed smaller mandibular angle and mandibular plane angle, but not the other two groups. And the complete cleft group and the class III group showed the similar change. The normal and class III group showed increased XiCd/XiPog, but not the complete cleft group(p<0.01).

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 1996

이 연구는 악안면 영역의 심미적 개선에 필요한 미소의 형태에 대한 기준을 설정하기 위하여 시행하였다. 성인 정상교합자 62명(남자;30명, 평균연령;22.7세, 여자;32명, 평균연령;21.8세)을 대상으로 안정위시와 미소시의 얼굴 정면 사진을 촬영하였고, 미소시 입술의 형태변화, 그리고 입술과 치아와의 관계를 계측, 분석하였다. 이 연구로 부터 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 하순 상연의 만곡과 상악 절단연과의 평행관계인 smile line ratio는 0.09이었고, buccal corridor ratio는 0.63, smile symmetry ratio는 0.96이었다. 2. 미소시 양 구각주 간의 거리는 안정위시 구각부 간 거리의 1.31배였으며, 얼굴 폭의 0.48배였다. 3. 미소시 상순의 수직길이는 안정위시 길이의 0.69배였고, 하순의 수직길이는 안저위시 길이의 0.96배였다. 4. 상악 전치의 노출량은 9.96mm이었고, 상악 전치의 노출은 미소시 상순의 수직길이의 변화율이 었고, 미소시 구각부 길이의 비, buccal corridor ratio등과 관계 깊었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.533-541
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• 1993

This study was designed to help to be given esthetics in construction of denture and prosthodontic rehabilitation of anterior tooth region. The author took the facial straight photograph of 100 old aged people(male 50, female 50) above 55 years of age, who have natural teeth in anterior tooth region, in a resting and a smiling position. And the author measured and analyzed the lip shape, the relation between the lip and the teeth and the change of lip length and height when they were smiling. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the shape of the upper lip, when the upper lip curved downward, it was 53%, straight was 28% and curved upward was 9%. 2. In the relation between the upper lip and the teeth, average smile was 53% , high smile was 26% and low smile was 21%. 3. In the parallel relation between the lower lip and maxillary anterior incisal curvature, the group of straight was 54%, the group of parallel was 40% and the group of reverse was 6%. 4. In the relationship between maxillary anterior incisor and lower lip, the group of not-touching was 92%, the group of touching was 5% and the group of the maxillary anterior incisor were slightly covered by the lower lip was 3%. 5. In the teeth displayed in a smile, displayed to second premolar was 50%, displayed to first molar was 34%, displayed to first premolar was 12%, and displayed to canine and second molar were 2%. 6. At smiling, the width of the mouth was 0.94 times of the interpupillary distance and 0.45 times of the full face width. 7. At smiling, the length of the upper lip was 0.73 times and lower lip was 0.98 times of the length in a resting postion and the width of the mouth corner was 1.19 times of the resting position.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.259-271
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• 1992

This study was designed to investigate the criteria of the perfect smile that was necessary to improve the esthetic problem in oral and maxillo-facial region and treating the anterior tooth region. The author took the facial straight photograph of 240 university students(male : 129, female : 111) in a resting and a smiling position, measured and analized the lip pattern and the relation between the lip and the teeth when they were smiling. Besides, 10 members of committee for appraisal (dentist : 5 persons, professor of the college of fine arts : 5 persons) estimated the smiling pattern. After that the author have compared and analyzed the obtained results. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In the shape of the upper lip, when the upper lip curved downward, it was 42.92% , straight was 45.00% and curved upward was 12.08%. The group in which the upper lip curved upward was the most esthetic. 2. In the relation between the upper lip and the teeth, high smile was 29.17%, average smile was 55.83% and low smile was 15.00%. The group of average smile was the most esthetic. 3. In the parallel relation between the lower lip and maxillary anterior incisal curvature, the group of paralled was 60.42%, the group of straight was 34.17% and the group of reverse was 5.41%. The group of parallel was the most esthetic. 4. In the relationship between maxillary anterior incisor and lower lip, the group of the maxillary anterior incisor were slightly covered by the lower lip was 10.42%, the group of the maxillary anterior teeth touched to the lower lip was 35.83%, and the no-touching was 53.75%. The group of the maxillary anterior teeth touched to the lower lip was the most esthetic. 5. In the teeth displayed in a smile, displayed to the canine was 0.84%, displayed to the first premolar was 19.17%, displayed to the second premolar was 57.92%, displayed to the first molar was 20.00% and displayed to the second molar was 2.08%. The group of displayed to the first molar was the most esthetic. 6. At smiles, the width of the mouth corner was 0.46 times of the full face width, 0.95 times of the interpupillary distance, and 1.23 times of the resting position. 7. At smiles, the lengh of the upper lip was 0.71 times and lower lip was 0.93 times of the length in the resting position.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.434-441
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• 2006

교정 치료를 하고자 하는 가장 큰 동기 중의 하나는 좋은 안면을 얻고자 하는 것이므로 교정 치료 후 안면부에 나타나는 변화에 대한 환자들의 인지도를 이해하는 것은 교정 치료의 진단과 치료 계획 수립에 매우 중요한 일이다. 이에 본 연구는 정면 및 측모에서 하 안면부위의 입술의 위치와 안면 비대칭의 변화에 관하여 인지할 수 있는 최소한의 변화량을 알아보고자 근형 잡힌 비율을 지닌 가상의 정모와 측모 사진을 컴퓨터 영상으로 제작한 후 입술의 위치는 Ricketts의 E-line을 기준으로, 안면의 비대칭은 턱 끝의 중앙 지점을 기준으로 각각 1, 2, 3, 4 mm 변화시킨 디지털 영상을 이용하여 40명의 미술학도를 관찰자로 인지도 조사를 하였다. 연구 결과 환자가 입술의 위치와 비대칭의 변화를 인지하기 위해서는 측모에서 최소한 2 mm 이상, 정모에서 3 mm 이상의 변화가 필요하였으며 하 안면부 변화에 대한 인지도는 정모에서보다 측모 변화에 대한 인지도가 높았다. 또한 변화에 대한 사전 정보는 변화에 대한 인지율을 현저하게 높여 주었다.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-56
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• 2007

The bilateral cleft lip, a more severe form of clefting than unilateral cleft lip, involves separation of the lip along philtral lines, isolating the central segment (prolabium). Bilateral cleft lip may be either symmetrical or asymmetrical, in which case the cleft lip is split more on one side than on the other. The cleft affects the obvious facial form as an anatomic deformity and has functional consequences, affecting the child's ability to eat, speak, hear, and breathe. Although there would seem to be quite a variance in reported figures, ratios of cleft lip with or without cleft palate have gone as high as 1:500 and as low as 1:1000. It is known that less than 10% of cleft lips are bilateral. Although bilateral cleft lip is less common than unilateral cleft lip, the deformity is more severe, and the reconstructive technique is more complex. Surgery is the only treatment necessary for patients with bilateral cleft lip. Accompanying the evolution of surgical repair is the increasingly important role of orthodontic support with early presurgical alveolar and nasal molding. Repositioning the maxillary and alveolar segments into a more anatomic position allows the surgeon to repair the lip and associated nasal deformity under more optimal conditions. The purpose of this article is to review the related anatomy, presurgical management, and surgical management of bilateral cleft lip.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2007

For many years a wide variety of surgical techniques for closure of cleft lip has been used. Still many surgeons prefer the Millard's rotation-advancement lip repair because the surgical scar is masked in the philtral crest and the nostril floor, and it improves the relationship of the alar base of the cleft side, producing harmonious symmetry of the nostril and the nostril sill. In addition, it uses and preserves the lip anatomy, returning lip tissue into its normal position, minimizing the amount of tissue that is discarded, and reconstructing the orbicular oris muscle. One of the major disadvantages of this procedure is the lack of accurate measurements. The object of this study is to help in the cleft lip surgery with investing its features and design.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2018

In this paper, we studied about the extraction of the parameter and implementation of speechreading system to recognize the Korean 8 vowel. Face features are detected by amplifying, reducing the image value and making a comparison between the image value which is represented for various value in various color space. The eyes position, the nose position, the inner boundary of lip, the outer boundary of upper lip and the outer line of the tooth is found to the feature and using the analysis the area of inner lip, the hight and width of inner lip, the outer line length of the tooth rate about a inner mouth area and the distance between the nose and outer boundary of upper lip are used for the parameter. 2400 data are gathered and analyzed. Based on this analysis, the neural net is constructed and the recognition experiments are performed. In the experiment, 5 normal persons were sampled. The observational error between samples was corrected using normalization method. The experiment show very encouraging result about the usefulness of the parameter.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2018

Speech articulators are coordinated for the purpose of segmental constriction in terms of a task. In particular, vertical jaw movements repeatedly contribute to consonantal as well as vocalic constriction. The current study explores vertical jaw movements in conjunction with bilabial constriction in bilabial stop /p/ in the context /a/-to-/a/. Revisiting kinematic data of /p/ collected using the electromagenetic midsagittal articulometer (EMMA) method from seven (four female and three male) speakers of Seoul Korean, we examined maximum vertical jaw position, its relative timing with respect to the upper and lower lips, and lip aperture minima. The results of those dependent variables are recapitulated in terms of linguistic (different word boundaries) and paralinguistic (different speech rates) factors as follows. Firstly, maximum jaw height was lower in the across-word boundary condition (across-word < within-word), but it did not differ as a function of different speech rates (comfortable = fast). Secondly, more reduction in the lip aperture (LA) gesture occurred in fast rate, while word-boundary effects were absent. Thirdly, jaw raising was still in progress after the lips' positional extrema were achieved in the within-word condition, while the former was completed before the latter in the across-word condition. Lastly, relative temporal lags between the jaw and the lips (UL and LL) were more synchronous in fast rate, compared to comfortable rate. When these results are considered together, it is possible to posit that speakers are not tolerant of lenition to the extent that it is potentially realized as a labial approximant in either word-boundary condition while jaw height still manifested lower jaw position in the across-word boundary condition. Early termination of vertical jaw maxima before vertical lower lip maxima across-word condition may be partly responsible for the spatial reduction of jaw raising movements. This may come about as a consequence of an excessive number of factors (e.g., upper lip height (UH), lower lip height (LH), jaw angle (JA)) for the representation of a vector with two degrees of freedom (x, y) engaged in a gesture-based task (e.g., lip aperture (LA)). In the task-dynamic application toolkit, the jaw angle parameter can be assigned numerical values for greater weight in the across-word boundary condition, which in turn gives rise to lower jaw position. Speech rate-dependent spatial reduction in lip aperture may be able to be resolved by means of manipulating activation time of an active tract variable in the gestural score level.