• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2008

A face is the place where individuals can first give their images visually. This chapter presents how 'Visual optical illusion' works in applying makeup and how to differentiate the direction, location and shape of Lip in the aspect of physiognomy. For this study, employed were five types of face shape produced by Photoshop program. The best-matched facial shape was examined through a questionnaire research after applying the optical illusion of Lip to the five types of face shape. The results were revealed to be identical to ones presented in make-up teaching materials. In conclusion, it was found that well-matched shape and size of Lip could make some changes in the facial impression, changing the face shape into oval shape. The facial line can be modified and supplemented by reshaping such facial parts as the Lip, producing well-balanced facial shape. Consequently, make-up was proved to be one of the methods which can be used to create social and psychological effect which can make a favorable facial impression and individuality, natural impression and image making depending on different purposes, taking advantage of optical illusion effect.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

Objective: In accordance with the changing demographics in the United States, orthodontists working on various ethnic populations should be more conscious when using the standardized profile analyses for the African American patient. The objective of this study was to examine whether the perception of lip protrusiveness in modern African American faces has changed. For this purpose, we investigated the most favorable African American lip profile using the opinions of 10 experienced and 10 newly trained younger orthodontists. Methods: Attractiveness was converted to a number on visualized analog scales. Comparative ranks on 16 African American profiles, with focus on lip protrusiveness and thickness, were made among the groups. Mixed-effects linear regression models were fit and group differences were estimated. Results: Younger orthodontists favored a more protrusive lip profile, and the variance in their perceptions was narrower than those of older orthodontists. Measurements related to upper lip protrusion showed the strongest correlation to attractiveness (r = -0.82). The association with attractiveness decreased linearly as the protrusiveness of the upper lip increased. Steiner's E-line was the most influential reference for determining the level of attractiveness for the older orthodontists, whereas upper lip protrusion was the most influential factor for the young orthodontists. Conclusions: An adequate level of lip protrusiveness and thickness should be essential for maintaining attractive esthetics in African American patients. Yet, a new set of standards for prominent lips in this population is necessary to reflect the current trend in the concept of a beautiful face in the modern world.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제17B권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2010

본 논문은 임베디드 환경에서의 실시간 립리딩 방법을 제안한다. 기존 PC 환경에 비하여 임베디드 환경은 사용할 수 있는 자원이 제한적이므로, 기존 PC 환경의 립리딩 시스템을 임베디드 환경에서 실시간으로 구동하기는 어렵다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문은 임베디드 환경에 적합한 입술영역 검출 방법과 입술 특징추출 방법, 그리고 발성 단어 인식 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 정확한 입술영역을 찾기 위해 얼굴 색상정보를 이용해 얼굴영역을 검출하고 검출된 얼굴 영역에서 양쪽 두 눈의 위치를 찾아 기하학적 관계를 이용해 정확한 입술영역을 검출한다. 검출된 입술영역에서 주위 환경 변화에 따른 조명 변화에 강인한 특징을 추출하기위해 히스토그램 매칭과 입술 폴딩, RASTA 필터를 적용하고 주성분 분석(PCA)을 이용한 특징계수를 추출해 인식에 사용하였다. 실험결과 CPU 806Mhz, RAM 128MB 사양의 임베디드 환경에서 발성 단어에 따라 1.15초에서 2.35초까지의 처리 속도를 보였으며, 180개의 단어 중 139개의 단어를 인식해 77%의 인식률을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.406-415
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• 2010

Purpose: The secondary correction of cleft lip nasal deformity still presents a difficult surgical problems. The present study was aimed to investigate the usefulness of Bardach's technique for secondary correction of cleft lip nasal deformity. Materials and Methods: The subjects were eight patients with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity, who had secondary correction by using Bardach's rhinoplasty technique. Age range was from 2 to 21 years and mean age was 10.6 years. There were 3 boys and 5 girls. Six patients had bilateral and two patients had unilateral cleft lip. Facial photographs were taken before and twenty days after the operation. By using Adobe photoshop, the columella height and the nostril width were measured from the facial frontal photograph and Worm's eye view. The degree of improvement was calculated and statistically analyzed. Results: The degree of improvement of the columella length and the nostril width after Bardach's technique was $70.39{\pm}50.14%$ and $-22.93{\pm}0.15%$ respectively. Bardach's technique resulted in projecting the nasal tip, lengthening the columella, medially advancing the alar bases, restructuring the lower lateral cartilages, and changing orientation of the nostrils from horizontal to oblique. The profile view shows projection of the nasal tip, lengthening of the columella, and the change in the nasolabial angle. The scars remained at the philtrum were matter little in compared with improvement of the nasal appearance. Conclusion: These results indicate that Bardach's technique is an useful surgical technique for secondary correction of cleft lip nasal deformity.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권7호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1998

This paper proposes a synchronization method of synthetic facial iamge sequences and synthetic speech. The LP-PSOLA synthesizes the speech for each demi-syllable. We provide the 3,040 demi-syllables for unlimited synthesis of the Korean speech. For synthesis of the Facial image sequences, the paper defines the total 11 fundermental patterns for the lip shapes of the Korean consonants and vowels. The fundermental lip shapes allow us to pronounce all Korean sentences. Image synthesis method assigns the fundermental lip shapes to the key frames according to the initial, the middle and the final sound of each syllable in korean input text. The method interpolates the naturally changing lip shapes in inbetween frames. The number of the inbetween frames is estimated from the duration time of each syllable of the synthetic speech. The estimation accomplishes synchronization of the facial image sequences and speech. In speech synthesis, disk memory is required to store 3,040 demi-syllable. In synthesis of the facial image sequences, however, the disk memory is required to store only one image, because all frames are synthesized from the neutral face. Above method realizes synchronization of system which can real the Korean sentences with the synthetic speech and the synthetic facial iage sequences.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 얼굴의 표정 변화를 인식하여 실시간으로 감정을 표현하는 아바타를 설계하고 구현하는 방법을 제안하였다. 실시간 감정 표현 아바타는 수동으로 아바타의 표정 패턴을 변화를 주는 것이 아니라 웹캠을 이용하여 실시간으로 입 모양 특징을 추출하고 추출한 입 모양의 패턴을 분석한 뒤, 미리 정의된 표정 패턴에 부합되는 것을 찾는다. 그리고 부합된 표정 패턴을 아바타에 적용하여 아바타의 얼굴 표정을 표현한다. 표정 인식 아바타는 웹캠에서 들어온 영상을 모델 접근 방법을 이용하여 보다 빠르게 입 부분을 인식할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 표정 패턴 추출은 표정에 따라 입 모양이 변하는 것을 이용하였다. 모델접근 방법을 이용하여 눈의 정보를 찾은 후 그 정보를 이용하여 입 모양을 추출하게 된다. 기본적으로 13가지 입 모양으로 각각의 표정을 유추하고 각 표정 패턴에 맞는 6개의 아바타를 미리 구현하여 보다 빠르게 아바타의 표정을 변할 수 있게 하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2010

This study aimed to enhance the durability by distributing the stress concentration at the contact and increasing the mechanical characteristics, as well as by changing the surface shape for LIP in the low-pressure seal among oil seals installed to the power steering of automotive. Accordingly, results were derived from comparisons and reviews with oil seals under the existing mass production by carrying out the performance tests after designs and productions are done with the addition of embo shapes on the surface of LIP in the low-pressure seal. As a result of this study, it has been identified that the durability of oil seals with the addition of embo shapes was enhanced with higher radial force and less variation in the internal diameter for the LIP. In addition, it was seen that the sealing ability for those oil seals is superior to the existing oil seals as their rotational torque values are less than those of the existing oil seals.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.281-293
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• 2014

Objective: Esthetic improvements during orthodontic treatment are achieved by changes in positions of the lips and surrounding soft tissues. Facial soft-tissue movement has already been two-dimensionally evaluated by cephalometry. In this study, we aimed to three-dimensionally assess positional changes of the adult upper lip according to simulated maxillary anterior tooth movements by white light scanning. Methods: We measured changes in three-dimensional coordinates of labial landmarks in relation to maxillary incisor movements of normal adults simulated with films of varying thickness by using a white light scanner. Results: With increasing protraction, the upper lip moved forward and significantly upward. Labial movement was limited by the surrounding soft tissues. The extent of movement above the vermilion border was slightly less than half that of the teeth, showing strong correlation. Most changes were concentrated in the depression above the upper vermilion border. Labial movement toward the nose was reduced significantly. Conclusions: After adequately controlling several variables and using white light scanning with high reproducibility and accuracy, the coefficient of determination showed moderate values (0.40-0.77) and significant changes could be determined. This method would be useful to predict soft-tissue positional changes according to tooth movements.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권7C호
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• pp.598-603
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• 2010

이 논문에서는 해양 선박 안의 잡음 환경에서 현저하게 떨어지는 음성 인식률을 높이기 위해 기존 음성인식 시스템에 화자의 입술의 움직임 변화를 입력정보로 이용하려는 입술 읽기에 대해서 연구하였다. 제안한 방법은 획득한 입력 영상에 Gabor 여파기를 이용하여 전처리과정의 성능을 향상 시켜 인식률을 높였다. 실험은 기본 시스템의 조명의 변화가 발생하는 선박 안의 환경에서 시간에 따라 입술 영상을 획득하여 수행하였으며, 인식 성능비교를 위해서 획득한 입력 영상을 이산여현파변환을 수행한 뒤 얻은 입술 관심영역에 대해 Gabor 여파기를 이용하여 얻어진 영상에 입술 접기를 수행하여 인식하는 방법과 입술 접기를 수행한 영상에 대해 인식을 수행하는 방법으로 실험하였다. 제안한 방법을 적용한 선박환경에서 실험 결과는 관심영역 영상에 Gabor 필터링을 이용하였을 때 기본 시스템에 견주어 매개변수가 거의 줄어들지 않았으며 그 인식률은 44%이었다. 한편, 입술 접기를 수행한 영상을 Gabor 여파하여 조명의 영향에 의한 성분을 제거한 바, 인식률이 11%쯤 높아진 55.8%를 나타내었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.323-335
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• 2013

This work aims to study the effect of stiffener ties in the behavior of intermediate length open section Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) Columns under axial compression. A comparative study on the behaviour and strength of Cold Formed Steel Columns by changing the direction of projection of lips (i.e., inwards or outwards) are also done. In this work two types of sections were considered Type-I section with lip projecting outwards (hat) and Type-II section with lip projecting inwards (channel). The length of the columns is predicted by performing elastic buckling analysis using CUFSM software. The theoretical analysis is performed using DSM - S100;2007, AS/NZ: 4600-2005 and IS: 801-1975. The compression tests are carried out in a 400 kN loading frame with hinged-hinged end condition. The non-linear numerical analysis is performed using Finite Element software ANSYS 12.0 to simulate the experimental results. Extensive parametric study is carried out by varying the width and spacing of the stiffener ties. The results are compared; the effects of stiffener ties on behaviour and load carrying capacity on both types of columns are discussed.