• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.10
• /
• pp.1364-1368
• /
• 2010

Gnotobiotic piglets (n = 10) were hand-reared in conventional germ-free facilities. Piglet body temperatures were measured with rectal and non-contact infrared thermometry (NIFT) on the lower eyelid, auricular center and margin, parietal regions, axilla, central abdomen and dorsum, and the perianal region. Body temperature measurements at central abdomen, cranial dorsum, and perianal regions had NIFT values which had a significant linear relationship (p<0.0001) with rectal thermometry. The predicted equations of between-subject formulas were calculated as follows: rectal temperature, 28.07489+0.30372${\times}$central abdominal surface temperature; rectal temperature, 34.02799+0.15197${\times}$central dorsum surface temperature; and rectal temperature, 33.87937+0.15676${\times}$perianal temperature. These results suggested that NIFT could serve as a valid alternative to rectal thermometry in a portable germ-free facility without disturbing experimental animals. The development of a NIFT body temperature evaluation that does not require animal restraint is clinically advantageous, particularly in gnotobiotic piglets, and would be significantly less stressful for experimental procedures in germ-free facilities.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.481-494
• /
• 2005

In this study, the goal is to spread profound knowledge and theory through providing with accumulated methods in mathematics education to the students who are relatively neglected in educational benefits. The process is divided into 3 categories: mathematics for obtaining common sense and intelligence, practical math for application, and math as a liberal art to elevate their characters. Furthermore, it includes the reasons for studying math, improving problem-solving skills, machinery application learning, introduction to code(cipher) theory and game theory, utilizing GSP to geometry learning, and mathematical relations to sports and art. Based on these materials, the next step(goal) is to train graduate students to conduct researches in teaching according to the teaching plan, as well as developing interesting and effective teaching plan for the remote high school learners.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.1011-1014
• /
• 2014

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent 1% of all malignant lesions. In this study the authors analyzed the incidence of STS in Vojvodina (the north region of Serbia) in the period from 1985 to 2009. A number of studies conducted worldwide indicate that STS incidence rates are tending to increase. Materials and Methods: On the basis of data from the Cancer Registry of Vojvodina, age standardized STS incidence rates were established as well as their linear trend, with data on histological structure, age, gender and STS distribution at specific locations. Results: The total number of registered patients was 1,308. Average age standardized rate was 1.90/100,000 per year. The investigated period showed a slight increase in the incidence rate (average annual percent increase=0.77%). The most frequent histological type was sarcoma not otherwise specified-NOS (27%), followed by leiomyosarcoma (21%), liposarcoma (14%), rhabdomyosarcoma (11%) and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (9%). The male/female ratio was 0.73:1. Every fifth patient was younger than 39. Conclusions: Comparison among eight international STS epidemiology studies show that the incidence rate range is between 1.4/100,000-5.0/100,000, though our finding is closer to the lower limit. Furthermore, the incidence rate increase was lower than that characteristic for the half of the analyzed studies. A partial explanation for that should be looked for among changes in diagnostic criteria and STS classifications.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the nasal soft tissues, including movements of landmarks, changes in linear distances, and volumetric changes, using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry after microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in adult patients. Methods: Facial data were scanned using a white light scanner before and after MARPE in 30 patients. In total, 7 mm of expansion was achieved over a 4-week expansion period. We determined 10 soft tissue landmarks using reverse engineering software and measured 3D vector changes at those points. In addition, we calculated the distances between points to determine changes in the width of the nasal soft tissues. The volumetric change in the nose was also measured. Results: All landmarks except pronasale and subnasale showed statistically significant movement on the x-axis. Pronasale, subnasale, alar right, and alar left showed significant movement on the y-axis, while all landmarks except subnasale showed significant movement on the z-axis. The alar base width, alar width, and alar curvature width increased by 1.214, 0.932, and 0.987 mm, respectively. The average volumetric change was 993.33 ㎣, and the amount of increase relative to the average initial volume was 2.96%. Conclusions: The majority of soft tissue landmarks around the nasal region show significant positional changes after MARPE in adults. The nose tends to widen and move forward and downward. The post-treatment nasal volume may also exhibit a significant increase relative to the initial volume. Clinicians should thoroughly explain the anticipated changes to patients before MARPE initiation.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2014

Purpose: To determine the conversion coefficients (CCs) from the dose-area product (DAP) value to effective dose in cone-beam CT. Materials and Methods: A CBCT scanner with four fields of view (FOV) was used. Using two exposure settings of the adult standard and low dose exposure, DAP values were measured with a DAP meter in C mode ($200mm{\times}179mm$), P mode ($154mm{\times}154mm$), I mode ($102mm{\times}102mm$), and D mode ($51mm{\times}51mm$). The effective doses were also investigated at each mode using an adult male head and neck phantom and thermoluminescent chips. Linear regressive analysis of the DAP and effective dose values was used to calculate the CCs for each CBCT examination. Results: For the C mode, the P mode at the maxilla, and the P mode at the mandible, the CCs were 0.049 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, 0.067 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, and 0.064 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, respectively. For the I mode, the CCs at the maxilla and mandible were 0.076 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$ and 0.095 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, respectively. For the D mode at the maxillary incisors, molars, and mandibular molars, the CCs were 0.038 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, 0.041 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, and 0.146 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, respectively. Conclusion: The CCs in one CBCT device with fixed 80 kV ranged from 0.038 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$ to 0.146 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$ according to the imaging modes and irradiated region and were highest for the D mode at the mandibular molar.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2014.02a
• /
• pp.258-258
• /
• 2014

Spark discharge in water generates shockwaves which have been utilized to generate mechanical actuation for potential use in pumping application. Discharge pulses of several microseconds generate shockwaves and vapor bubbles which subsequently displace the water for a period of milliseconds. Through the use of a sealed discharge chamber and metal bellow spring, the fluid motion can be used create an oscillating linear actuator. Continuous actuation of the bellow has been demonstrated through the use of high frequency spark discharge. Discharge in water forms a region of high electric field around the electrode tip which leads to the creation of a thermal plasma channel. This process produces fast thermal expansion, vapor and bubble generation, and a subsequent shockwave in the water which creates physical displacement of the water [1]. Previous work was been conducted to utilize the shockwave effect of spark discharge in water for the inactivation of bacteria, removal of mineral fouling, and the formation of sheet metal [2-4]. Pulses ranging from 25 to 40 kV and 600 to 900 A are generated inside of the chamber and the bellow motion is captured using a slow motion video camera. The maximum displacements measured are from 0.7 to 1.2 mm and show that there is a correlation between discharge energy input to the water and the displacement that is generated. Subsequent oscillations of the bellow are created by the spring force of the bellow and vapor in the chamber. Using microsecond shutter speed ICCD imaging, the development of the discharge bubble and spark can be observed and measured.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2014.02a
• /
• pp.394.2-394.2
• /
• 2014

We fabricated highly transparent and flexible Ti doped In2O3 (TIO)/Ag nanowire(NW)/TIO (TAT) multilayer electrodes by linear facing target sputtering (LFTS) and brush-painting for used as flexible for anode organic solar cells(FOSCs). The characteristics of TAT transparent anode as a function of number of brush-painting cycles was also investigated. At optimized conditions we achieved highly flexible TAT multilayer electrodes with a low sheet resistance of $9.01{\Omega}/square$ and a high diffusive transmittance more than 80% in visible region as well as superior mechanical stability. The effective embedment of the Ag NW network between top and bottom TIO films led to a metallic conductivity, high transparency. Based on FE-SEM HRTEM, and XRD analysis, we can find that the Ag NW network was effectively embedded between top and bottom TIO layers due to good flexibility of Ag NW, the TAT multilayer showed superior flexibility than single TIO layer. Successful operation of FOSCs with high power conversion efficiency of 3.01% indicates that TAT hybrid electrode is a promising alternative to conventional ITO electrode for high performance FOSCs.

• Water for future
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.281-291
• /
• 1984

In our Koreans river basins there are many of monthly rainfall data, but unfortrnately streamflow data needed are rare. Analysing monthly rainfall data of Somjin river basin, the stochastic theory model for calculation of monthly streamflow series of that region is determined. The model is composed of Box & Jenkins stansfer function plus ARIMA residual models. This linear stochastic differenced time series equation models can adapt themselves to the structure and variety of rainfall, streamflow data on the assumption of the stationary covarience. The fiexibility of Box-Jenkins method consists mainly in the iterative technique of building an AIRMA model from observations and by the use of autocorrelation functions. The best models for Somjin river basin belong to the general calss: $Y_t=($\omega$o-$\omega$_1B) C_iX_t+$\varepsilon$t$ $Y_t$ monthly streamflow, $X_t$ : monthly rainfall, $C_i$ :monthly run-off, $$\omega$o-$\omega$_1$ : transfer parameter, $$\varepsilon$_t$ : residual The streamflow series resulted from the proposed model is satisfactory comparing with the exsting streamflow data of Somjin gauging station site.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.331-335
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we parallelized a feature point extraction algorithm to reduce panorama image generation time in multi-core environment. While we compose a panorama image with several images, the step to extract feature points of each picture is needed to find overlapped region of pictures. To perform rapidly feature extraction stage which requires much calculation, we developed a parallel algorithm to extract feature points and examined the performance using CBE(Cell Broadband Engine) which is asymmetric multi-core architecture. As a result of the exam, the algorithm we proposed has a property of linear scalability-the performance is increased in proportion the number of processors utilized. In this paper, we will suggest how Image processing operation can make high performance result in multi-core environment.

• Journal of KIISE
• /
• v.44 no.7
• /
• pp.668-673
• /
• 2017

Deep neural networks have shown remarkable performance in various fields of pattern recognition such as voice recognition, image recognition and object detection. However, underlying mechanisms of the network have not been fully revealed. In this paper, we focused on empirical analysis of the network parameters. The Faster R-CNN(region-based convolutional neural network) was used as a baseline network of our work and three important parameters were analyzed: the dropout ratio which prevents the overfitting of the neural network, the size of the anchor boxes and the activation function. We also compared the performance of dropout and batch normalization. The network performed favorably when the dropout ratio was 0.3 and the size of the anchor box had not shown notable relation to the performance of the network. The result showed that batch normalization can't entirely substitute the dropout method. The used leaky ReLU(rectified linear unit) with a negative domain slope of 0.02 showed comparably good performance.