• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1199-1206
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• 2015

In this study, the exhaust gas of a diesel engine operating on biodiesel(BD) fuel(a mixture of diesel and soybean oil) was investigated for different fuel mixing ratios in the range of BD3 to BD100. The experiments were conducted using injection pressures of 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 bar. The Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient were used to quantify the NOx and Soot emissions based on the fuel mixing ratio and injection pressure. Consequently, the Pearson correlation coefficient obtained for NOx and Soot emissions according to the mixing ratio and injection pressure was -0.811 and the corresponding Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient was -0.884, which indicated that the correlation of the NOx and Soot emissions was linear. Thus, the NOx and Soot have a trade-off relationship. Moreover, at each injection pressure, the Pearson correlation coefficient was a negative number, which indicated an inversely proportional relationship between NOx and Soot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.222-231
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• 2007

This paper represents a basic statistical examination on the navigability of ocean-going ship from the point of estimating the time lasting period when propeller racing occurred by using the basic probability theory and the statistics. The propeller racing is one of the most important seakeeping qualities in relation to the safety of the main engine and shafting system. The trend of the racing has been mainly investigated in order to estimate allowable maximum propeller diameter, operation of ocean-going ships, etc.. In those studies, the propeller racing generally and mainly means the situation (propeller exposed) in which the relative motion amplitude between ship hull and wave surface would exceed a depth of point in rotary disk propeller. Therefore, it seems that the magnitude of the amplitude and its exceeding frequency of propeller racing have been examined as a principal subject of study as usual. However, the time during which the amplitude exceeds the depth of point, that is, the propeller exposes in the air, must be also one of most important factor affecting the trend of propeller racing. Then, this paper proposes a new practical method for estimating the time lasting of exposed propeller related to propeller racing in rough-confused seas on the basis of the linear strip theory and the statistics. And, numerical examples of estimating the propeller racing probability are given for four wide ship forms. Finally the usefulness of the proposed method for predicting propeller racing based on the time lasting period is discussed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 1991

This study was carried out to obtain the information needed in the development of forward speed control system and the improvement of combine performance. The effects of variety, grain moisture content and forward speed on the combine load characteristics were investigated through experiments. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. A data acquisition system was developed to measure the engine speed and the torques and speeds of the threshing cylinder, dean-grain auger and tailings-return auger. The system consisted of transducers, signal conditioner, interface board and microcomputer. The system accuracy is better than ${\pm}2.3%$ full scale. 2. Linear regression equations were obtained for the torque, speed and power requirement of threshing cylinder for different paddy varieties, grain moisture contents and feed rates. 3. The maximum value of relative frequency for threshing cylinder torque decreased as the increase in feed rate and moisture content. The range of torque fluctuation was 1.2~3.7 and 1.2~1.9 times the average and maximum torque, respectively. The maximum value of power spectrum density (PSD) appeared to be about 11 Hz regardless of paddy variety, grain moisture content and feed rate. 4. The speed of tailings return thrower decreased rapidly at below 900rpm, and it fell to near zero about 3 seconds after that time. When the travelling of combine harvester was stopped immediately after sensing the overload, it took about 7 seconds for a full recovery of the no-load speed of tailings return thrower.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.64-70
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• 2005

The overall results of hot firing tests of fuel-rich gas generator with impinging injector at design and off-design points are described. The gas generator consists of an injector head with impinging injector, a water cooled combustor wall, a turbulence ring to enhance mixing, an instrument ring measuring temperature and pressure and a nozzle. The combustion tests were successfully performed without damage of gas generator. Test results show that the outlet temperature is not dependent on residence time of hot gas within 4～6msec but dependent on chamber pressure. The relation between outlet temperature and combustion efficiency resulting from measured pressure, mass flow rate and area of nozzle throat is shown. The overall O/F ratio is the critical parameter to determine the outlet temperature and the linear correlation between two parameters is established.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2003

The in-duct acoustical sources of fluid machines are often characterized by the source impedance and strength using the linear time-invariant model. However, negative resistances, which are physically unreasonable, have been found throughout various measurements of the source properties in IC-engines and compressors. In this paper, the effects of the time-varying nature of fluid machines on the source characteristics are studied analytically. For this purpose, the simple fluid machine consisting of a reciprocating piston and an exhaust is considered as representing a typical periodic, time-varying system and the equivalent circuits are analyzed. Simulated measurements using the analytic solutions show that the time-varying nature in the actual sources is one of the main causes of the negative source resistances. It is also found that, for the small magnitude of the time-varying component, the source radiates large acoustic power if the piston operates at twice the natural frequency of the static system. or integral submultiples of that rate.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.64.2-64.2
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• 2016

Optical variability is one way to probe the nature of the central engine of AGN at smaller linear scales and previous studies have shown that optical variability is more prevalent at longer timescales and at shorter wavelengths. Especially, intra-night variability can be explained through the damped random walk model but small samples and inhomogeneous data have made constraining this model hard. To understand the properties and physical mechanism of optical variability, we are performing the KMTNet Active Nuclei Variability Survey (KANVaS). Test data of KMTNet in the COSMOS field was obtained over 2 separate nights during 2015, in B, V, R, and I bands. Each night was composed of 5 and 9 epochs with ~30 min cadence. To find AGN in the COSMOS field, we applied multi-wavelength selection methods. Different selection methods means we are looking different region in unification model of AGN, and 100~120, 400~500, 50~100 number of AGN are detected in X-ray, mid-infrared, and radio selection of AGN, respectively. We performed image convolution to reflect seeing fluctuation, then differential photometry between the selected AGN and nearby stars to achieve photometric uncertainty ~0.01mag. We employed one of the standard time-series analysis tools to identify variable AGN, chi-square test. Preliminarily results indicate that intra-night variability is found for X-ray selected, Type1 AGN are 23.6%, 26.4%, 21.3% and 20.7% in the B, V, R, and I band, respectively. The majority of the identified variable AGN are classified as Type 1 AGN, with only a handful of Type 2 AGN showing evidence for variability. The work done so far confirms that there are type and wavelength dependence of intra-night optical variability of AGN.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.163-164
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• 2013

Two-Way CAR-FERRY land and islands, islands to islands, the connection between sustainable marine transportation in conjunction with the increasing demand of tourists, according to the associated coastal maritime tourism and passenger transport has a role. Subsequent Two-Way CAR-FERRY and the increased ease of use due to berthing maritime accidents can be reduced. Two-Way CAR-FERRY as the draft (even) in the state on both sides of the propeller, because the propeller due to the small diameter, low speed forward flight by the reaction at the shaft and propeller damage can occur. Engine output accordingly, linear and torsional vibration reducer by, elastic coupling selection transverse vibration and shaft alignment (Shaft alignment) considering the shaft design (bearing size, width, thickness) and the primary drive shaft support portion of the hull structure of evaluated for quality.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the injection characteristics of 800 kPa compressed natural gas compressed natural gas (CNG) injector developed in Korea. The CNG injector with multi-holes, employed in this experiment, was designed to inject CNG in the manifold at high pressure of 800 kPa. The spray macroscopic visualization test was carried out via Schlieren photography to study fuel-air mixing process. The fundamental spray characteristics, such as spray penetration, spray cone angle and spray velocity, were evaluated in the constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) with varying the constant back pressure in CVCC from 0 to 1.8 bar. For the safety reason, nitrogen ($N_2$) and an acetone tracer were utilized as a surrogate gas fuel instead of CNG. The surrogate gas fuel pressures were controlled at 3, 5.5, and 8 bar, respectively. Injection durations were set at 5 ms throughout the experiment. The simulating events of the low engine speed were arranged at 1,000 rpm. The spray images were recorded by using a high-speed camera with a frame rate of 10,000 f/s at $512{\times}256pixels$. The spray characteristics were analyzed by using the image processing (Matlab). The results showed the significant difference that higher injection pressure had more effect on the spray shape than the lower injection pressure. When the injection pressure was increased, the longer spray penetration occurred. Moreover, the linear relation between speed and time are dependent on the injection pressure as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.438-445
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• 2007

A Helmholtz resonator as a stabilization device to control high-frequency combustion instabilities in liquid rocket engine is adopted and its damping capacity is verified by linear acoustic analysis and atmospheric acoustic tests. To compare the results of acoustic attenuation effect in accordance with uni-resonator's geometry, quantitative analyses were made in the cases of various orifice diameters and lengths. Next, in the experiments to compare the results of acoustic attenuation effect by a difference in the number of resonators, damping capacity of harmful resonant frequency was improved by the increase of the number of resonators. On the other hand, attenuation efficiency of the frequency tended rather to lower due to over damping from the point of view of absorption coefficient. As the result, tuning the suitable geometry for the resonator to the resonant frequency is required for the control using the resonator. Also, the design of resonator's geometry and the choice of its number are important to put up the optimal efficiency in consideration of restriction of its volume.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.915-921
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• 2012

In this study, we propose a new method for estimating the IMEP using difference pressure, which is the pressure difference between the cylinder pressure and the motoring pressure. The estimated IMEP, denoted as $IMEP_{diff}$, optimizes the theoretical IMEP calculation range based on the fact that the difference pressure exists between the start and the end of combustion. $IMEP_{diff}$ is verified to have a high linear correlation with IMEP with $R^2$ of 0.9955. The proposed method can estimate the IMEP with 21% of the cylinder pressure data and 31% of the calculation effort compared to the theoretical IMEP calculation method, and therefore, it has great potential for real-time implementations. The estimation and control performance of $IMEP_{diff}$ is validated by engine experiments, and by controlling $IMEP_{diff}$, the torque variation between the cylinders was reduced.