• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.7 s.172
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2005

Direct writing technology on the silicon wafer surface is used to reduce the size of the chip as the miniature trend in electronic circuit. In order to improve the productivity and efficiency, the real time quality estimation is very important in each semiconductor process. In laser marking, marking quality is determined by readability which is dependant on the contrast of surface, the line width, and the melting depth. Many researchers have tried to find theoretical and numerical estimation models fur groove geometry. However, these models are limited to be applied to the real system. In this study, the estimation system for the line width during the laser marking was proposed by process monitoring method. The light intensity emitted by plasma which is produced when irradiating the laser to the silicon wafer was measured using the optical sensor. Because the laser marking is too fast to measure with external sensor, we build up the coaxial monitoring system. Analysis for the correlation between the acquired signals and the line width according to the change of laser power was carried out. Also, we developed the models enabling the estimation of line width of the laser marking through the statistical regression models and may see that their estimating performances were excellent.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2012

Text extraction and binarization are the important pre-processing steps for text recognition. The performance of text binarization strongly related to the accuracy of recognition stage. In our proposed method, the first stage based on line detection and shape feature analysis applied to locate the position of a business card and detect the shape from the complex environment. In the second stage, several local regions contained the possible text components are separated based on the projection histogram. In each local region, the pixels grouped into several connected components based on the connected component labeling and projection histogram. Then, classify each connect component into text region and reject the non-text region based on the feature information analysis such as size of connected component and stroke width estimation.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.1 no.4
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2012

In this paper, a novel text binarization is presented that can deal with some complex conditions, such as shadows, non-uniform illumination due to highlight or object projection, and messy backgrounds. To locate the target text region, a focus line is assumed to pass through a text region. Next, connected component analysis and stroke width estimation based on location information of the focus line is used to locate the bounding box of the text region, and each box of connected components. A series of classifications are applied to identify whether each CC(Connected component) is text or non-text. Also, a modified K-means clustering method based on an HCL color space is applied to reduce the color dimension. A text binarization procedure based on location of text component and seed color pixel is then used to generate the final result.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.9 no.12
• /
• pp.1048-1054
• /
• 2003

In laser surface hardening processes, the geometrical parameters such as the depth and the width of a hardened layer can be utilized to assess the hardened layer quality. However, accurate monitoring of the geometrical parameters for on-line process control as well as for on-line quality evaluation is very difficult because the hardened layer is formed beneath a material surface and is not visible. Therefore, temperature monitoring of a point of specimen surface has most frequently been used as a process monitoring method. But, a hardened layer depends on the temperature distribution and the thermal history of a specimen during laser surface hardening processing. So, this paper describes the estimation results of the geometric parameters using multi-point surface temperature monitoring. A series of hardening experiments were performed to find the relationships between the geometric parameters and the measured temperature. Estimation results using a neural network show the enhanced effectiveness of multi-point surface temperature monitoring compared to one-point monitoring.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.26-35
• /
• 1999

On the laser weld production line, a slight alteration of the welding condition changes the bead size and the strength of the weldment. The measurement system is produced by using three photo-diodes for detection of the plasma and spatter signal in $CO_2$ laser welding. The relationship between the sensor signals of plasma or spatter and the bead shape, and the mechanism of the plasma and spatter were analyzed for the bead size estimation. The penetration depth and the bead width were estimated using the multiple regression analysis.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.545-550
• /
• 2009

A method fully utilizing multiscale line filter responses is presented to estimate the point spread function(PSF) of a CT scanner and diameters of small tubular structures based on the PSF. The estimation problem is formulated as a least square fitting of a sequence of multiscale responses obtained at each medical axis point to the precomputed multiscale response curve for the ideal line model. The method was validated through phantom experiments and demonstrated through phantom experiments and demonstrated to accurately measure small-diameter structures which are significantly overestimated by conventional methods based on the full width half maximum(FWHM) and zero-crossing edge detection.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2005

In this paper we introduce a nonparametric method for estimating the probability density function of detection distances in line transect sampling. The estimator is obtained using a frequency histogram density estimation method. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator are derived and compared with those of the kernel estimator under the assumption that the data collected satisfy the shoulder condition. We found that the asymptotic mean square error (AMSE) of the two estimators have about the same convergence rate. The formula for the optimal histogram bin width is derived which minimizes AMSE. Moreover, the performances of the corresponding k-nearest-neighbor estimators are studied through simulation techniques. In the absence of our knowledge whether the shoulder condition is valid or not a new semi-parametric model is suggested to fit the line transect data. The performances of the proposed two estimators are studied and compared with some existing nonparametric and semiparametric estimators using simulation techniques. The results demonstrate the superiority of the new estimators in most cases considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2003

In any rapid prototyping process, the layer by layer building process introduces an area error between the staircase and the surface line specified by the computer-aided design model. This affects the dimensional accuracy as well as the surface finish for different Road Widths. This paper describes a methodology for computing the area error for any Road Width by the fused deposition modelling system. This technique can be applied to determine the best Road Width of the part, based on the minimum area error. This technique is verified by comparing the results with the experimental measurements of the area error with Road Widths.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.63.1-63.1
• /
• 2020

We investigate the effect of recent star formation (RSF) on the α-elements-to-iron ratio ([α/Fe]) estimation for galaxies. Measuring galactic [α/Fe] is a powerful tool to pinpointing the timescale of chemical evolution and star formation. Our working hypothesis is that, with increasing stellar surface temperature, absorption equivalent width (EW) of α-elements decreases faster than that of Fe-peak elements, and thus RSF will lower the line ratio of EW(α)/EW(Fe). Moreover, young stars outshine, effectively lowering EW(α)/EW(Fe) of integrated light of RSF galaxies. Here we test our hypothesis using SDSS (optical spectrophotometric), GALEX (UV photometric) and IllustrisTNG datasets, and show that, if RSF is not considered thoroughly, EW(α)/EW(Fe) lowered by RSF can be routinely misinterpreted as low [α/Fe]. We discuss possible implications of the result in the context of the conventional [α/Fe]-mass relation of galaxies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 1999

The paper describes a robust adaptive control algorithm for induction motor drive without speed sensor at low speed range. The control algorithm use only current sensors in a space vector pulse width modulation within loop control with rotor speed estimation and voltage source inverter. On-line rotor speed estimation is based on utilizing parallel model reference adaptive control system. MRAC of the modified flux model for flux and rotor speed estimator uses dual-adaptation mechanism, ${\omega}_r$ and ${\omega}_e$ scheme. The estimated flux components in the model can be compensated from the effects of offset errors on pure integrals. It can be compensated to the parameter variations and torque fluctuation with speed estimation in less then 10 rad/sec. In a simulation, the proposed induction motor control algorithm without speed sensor at very low speed range are shown to operate very well in spite of variable rotor time constant and fluctuating load without change the controller parameters. The suggested control strategy and estimation method have been validated by simulation study, and it proposed the designed system for the implementation using TI320C31 DSP/ASIC controller.