• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.515-529
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• 2024

Cold-formed steel (CFS) is a popular choice for construction due to its low cost, durability, sustainability, resistance to high environmental and seismic pressures, and ease of installation. The beam-column connections in residential and medium-rise structures are formed using self-drilling screws that connect two CFS channel sections and a gusset plate. In order to increase the moment capacity of these CFS screwed beam-column connections, stiffeners are often placed on the web area of each single channel. However, there is limited literature on studying the effects of stiffeners on the moment capacity of CFS screwed beam-column connections. Hence, this paper proposes a new test approach for determining the moment capacity of CFS screwed beam-column couplings. This study describes an experimental test programme consisting of eight novel experimental tests. The effect of stiffeners, beam thickness, and gusset plate thickness on the structural behaviour of CFS screwed beam-column connections is investigated. Besides, nonlinear elasto-plastic finite element (FE) models were developed and validated against experimental test data. It found that there was reasonable agreement in terms of moment capacity and failure mode prediction. From the experimental and numerical investigation, it found that the increase in gusset plate or beam thickness and the use of stiffeners have no significant effect on the structural behaviour, moment capacity, or rotational capacity of joints exhibiting the same collapse behaviour; however, the capacity or energy absorption capacities have increased in joints whose failure behaviour varies with increasing thickness or using stiffeners. Besides, the thickness change has little impact on the initial stiffness.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.262-271
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• 2023

For electrode stability and the electrochemical performance of the Li-ion cell, it is essential that the active ingredients and unique additives in the polymer binder be well dispersed with the solvent-based slurry. The efficient procedure used to create the slurry affects the rheological characteristics of the electrode slurry. When successively adding different steps of Nmethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent to the cathode composition, it is evenly disseminated. The electrochemical performance of the Li-ion cells and the electrodes made with slurry formed by single step and multiple steps of addition of NMP solvent are examined. To preform rheological properties of cathode electrode slurry on Ni-rich Lithium Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum Oxide (LiNi_0.80Co_0.15Al_0.05) (NCA). Also, we investigate different step addition of electrode formation and mechanical strength characterization like peel strength. According to the EIS study, a multi-step electrode slurry has lower internal resistance than a single-step electrode slurry, which results in better electrical characteristics and efficiency. Further, microstructure of electrodes is obtained electrochemical performance in the 18650 cylindrical cells with targeted capacity of 1.5 Ah. The slurry of electrodes prepared by single step and multiple steps of addition of NMP solvent and its effect on the fabrication of 1.5 Ah cells. A three-step solvent addition on slurry has been found to be a lower internal resistance than a single-step electrode slurry as confirmed by the EIS analysis, yielding improved electrical properties and efficiency.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.111-139
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• 2006

Cold storage warehouse industry in Japan has been extended in its scale in terms of both the number of storages and cold storage capacity in order to meet the extended reproduction of the marine products industry. However, increasing total amount of the stored goods since mid 80s led to relative decrease of marine products while the number of storages was remained the same or decreased, though cold storage capacity was gradually increased and is maintained the increase of the average cold storage capacity. As structural change in the cold storage warehouse industry emerges, cold storage warehouses require new approach to individual storage management with 1)diversity of the stored goods; 2) more competition due to increase of the cold storage capacity; and 3) sizing of the average cold storage capacity. Therefore, this study analyzed how cold storage warehouse management activity with individual storage sizing changes; and significance of sizing and functional change in cold storage warehouses experiencing sizing, by observing leading cold storage warehouse industry of the metropolitan area in Japan. In conclusion, reorganization of cold storage warehouse industry in the metropolitan area in Japan can be summarized as follows: First, competition among cold storage warehouses in the metropolitan area in Japan is not simply limited to storage industry but extended to establishment and securing physical distribution function. Second, since cold storage warehouse industry is in Scrap & Build phase, decision of management executives on whether taking direction to maintain/continue enhancement of physical distribution function may cause drastic reorganization in the cold storage warehouse industry, Third, since profit of physical distribution management based on cold storage warehouses is insignificant, it is not easy to accomplish expected management outcome, Fourth, today's cold storage warehouse industry mainly characterized by diversity of the stored goods needs facility reorganization with comprehensive and functional integration covering from F class cold storage capacity to F&C class.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

형상비가 상대적으로 작은 철근콘크리트 교각에 지진작용으로 인한 반복 횡하중이 작용하면 초기단계와 중간단계의 변위에서는 휨 거동을 보이다가 최종변위단계에서는 전단에 의해 파괴되는 휨-전단 거동을 보인다. 휨-전단 파괴거동을 보이는 교각은 휨 파괴거동을 보이는 교각에 비하여 연성능력이 저하되므로, 내진설계 또는 내진성능평가에서 극한변위를 해석적으로 결정하기 위해서는 휨성능곡선과 함께 전단성능곡선 모델을 적용하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 원형교각에 대한 기존 모델을 수정한 전단성능곡선 모델을 제안하였고, CALTRANS 모델, Aschheim등의 모델, Priestley 등의 모델, 제안모델의 특징을 비교하였다. 또 국내에서 수행된 실물크기 기둥 실험체를 대상으로 전단성능곡선 모델을 평가하였다. 제한된 범위의 소수 실험결과에 대한 적용으로서 일반화하기는 어려울 것이지만, 실험결과와 비교 검토한 결과 제안모델이 파괴형태의 예측과 변위성능 예측의 정확도에서 매우 우수한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권7A호
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• pp.578-586
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 하향링크에서 사용자 용량 증가를 위하여 통계적 다중화에 기반한 RFH-OFDMA(Random Frequency Hopping-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) 방식을 제안한다. 사용자 용량은 한 셀에서 주어진 기본 데이터 전송률로 데이터 전송이 가능한 최대 사용자의 수를 의미한다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 통계적 다중화 기반의 RFH-OFDMA 방식의 하향링크 사용자 용량과 기존 FH-OFDMA 방식에서의 하향링크 사용자 용량을 비교한다. 사용자 용량은 부반송파 개수와 인접 셀 간섭에 의하여 제한되며 수신 SINR이 가장 열악한 환경에서의 시스템 용량을 상호 비교하기 위하여 사용자는 모두 셀 경계에 있다고 가정하고 인접 셀 간섭은 최대 값을 갖는다고 가정한다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통하여, 사용자의 채널 활성도가 0.1, 수신단에서 요구되는 Eb/IO가 6dB, 3-sector 안테나가 사용된 경우에 제안된 RFH-OFDMA 방식이 262명을 수용한 반면에 기존의 FH-OfDMA방식의 경우 51명의 사용자를 수용할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국GIS학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국GIS학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 발표요약문
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• pp.21-25
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• 1999

Planning support systems(PSS) add more advanced spatial analysis functions than Geographic information systems(GIS) and intertemporal functions to the functions of spatial decision support systems(SDSS). This paper reports the continuing development of a PSS providing a framework that facilitates urban planners and civil engineers in conducting coherent deliberations about planning, design and operation & maintenance(O&M) of water-distribution networks for urban growth management. The PSS using dynamic optimization model, modeling-to-generate-alternatives, value engineering(VE) and life-cycle cost(LCC) can generate network alternatives in consideration of initial cost and O&H cost. Users can define alternatives by the direct manipulation of networks or by the manipulation of parameters in the models. The water-distribution network analysis model evaluates the performance of the user-defined alternatives. The PSS can be extended to include the functions of generating sewer network alternatives, combining water-distribution and sewer networks, eventually the function of planning, design and O&H of housing sites. Capacity expansion by the dynamic water-distribution network optimization model using MINLP includes three advantages over capacity expansion using optimal control theory(Kim and Hopkins 1996): 1) finds expansion alternatives including future capacity expansion times, sizes, locations, and pipe types of a water-distribution network provided, 2) has the capabilities to do the capacity expansion of each link spatially and intertemporally, and 3) requires less interaction between models. The modeling using MINLP is limited in addressing the relationship between cost, price, and demand, which the optimal control approach can consider. Strictly speaking, the construction and O&M costs of water-distribution networks influence the price charged for the served water, which in turn influence the. This limitation can be justified in rather small area because price per unit water in the area must be same as that of neighboring area, i.e., the price is determined administratively. Planners and engineers can put emphasis on capacity expansion without consideration of the relationship between cost, price, and demand.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2018

이 연구는 지방공무원들의 역량강화 정책을 설명하고, 제한된 자원의 한계 속에서 효율성을 높일 수 있는 정책과제를 도출하는데 있다. 이를 위해 AHP분석 기법을 적용하여, 전문가 평가를 통해 정책과제의 상대적 우선순위를 도출하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지방공무원 역량강화를 위한 가장 큰 틀에서의 정책과제에서는 지방공무원 직무관리가 가장 중요하게 평가되었다. 다음으로 지방공무원 채용관리, 지방공무원 인사관리의 순으로 평가되었다. 둘째, 세부정책에 대한 평가 결과이다. 지방공무원 직무관리 중에서는 지방공무원 안식기간제 도입이 가장 중요하게 평가되었다. 지방공무원 채용관리에서는 공무원 시험과목 개편이 가장 중요하게 평가되었다. 지방공무원 인사관리에서는 선출직 공무원들에 대한 직무교육훈련이 가장 중요하게 평가되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 지방공무원 역량강화를 위한 정책개발을 현실적 측면에서 설명하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다. 향후 지방공무원 역량강화를 위해 측정변수들의 분석이 더욱 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.1648-1654
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• 2007

In this paper, we consider the design of $H_\infty$ high-gain state feedback control for time-delayed linear systems with limited actuator capacities. The high-gain control means that the control permits the predetermined degree of saturation. Based on new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, we derive a result in the form of matrix inequalities. The matrix inequalities are consisted of LMIs those confirm the positive definiteness of Lyapunov- Krasovskii functional, satisfaction of predetermined degree of saturation, reachable set and $L_2$ gain constraint. The result is dependent on the bound of time-delay and its rate, predetermined degree of saturation, actuator capacity, and the allowed size of disturbances. Finally, we give a numerical example to show the effectiveness and usefulness of our result.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2001

Pseudo dynamic test for seven circular RC bridge piers has been carried out to investigate their seismic performance subjected to expected artificial earthquake motions. The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete bridge piers, which have been widely used for railway and urban transportation facilities. Important test parameters are confinement steel ratio, and input ground motion. The seismic behavior of circular RC bridge piers under artificial ground motions has been evaluated through displacement ductility, cumulative energy input, and dissipation capacity. It can be concluded that RC bridge piers designed in a limited ductile behavior provision of Eurocode 8 have been determined to show good seismic performance even under moderate artificial earthquakes.

• 한국지능정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능정보시스템학회 2001년도 The Pacific Aisan Confrence On Intelligent Systems 2001
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• pp.198-201
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• 2001

Recently the wireless-internet has been spreading extensively. People are spending a large part of their time gaining access to information using a mobile device. With the rapid growth of on-line Electronic Commerce, the use of mobile devices creates a new paradigm that provides users with location-independent real time service. Although this new paradigm does have some advantages, limited process speed, low bandwidth, the low battery capacity of mobile devices, and a high rate of wireless network errors causes many overhead expenses during service time with the server. In this paper, we suggest an autonomous service delivery system, which provides mobile agent capability to users that cannot maintain a connection. We have developed the system based on java mobile agent technology. Using this system, we can provide more effective service to users when the user is sending requirements for service through a mobile device that has limited resources. Furthermore we can manage the contact server dynamically when new services are added.