• 자원환경지질
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.169-182
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• 1978

The Weolagsan area consists of four units; (1) Low grade meta-sediments of the upper members of Ogcheon age unknown group such as Changri (mainly black slate and phyllitic rock), Majeonri (mainly alternation of slate, limestone and chert) and Hwanggangri Formation (pebble bearing phyllitic sediments); (2) Samtaesan Formation of Chosun System of Ordovician; (3) So called meta-volcanics and (4) Weolagsan Granite and its associations which intruded above mentioned meta-sediments and meta-volcanics. This study was focused to know the Woelagsan granite and its metasomatic effects to the country rocks petrographically and petrochemically. According to the field survey, microscopic work and some chemical analysis, the granite is a "normal granite" based on the Streckeisen's classification and belongs to a mass of the Central-zone younger group in Ogcheon geosynclinal belt. The granite metasomatized the country rocks along its northern contact zone. Zone of calcareous and cherty rocks (Majeonri formation) was silicified partly and skarned locally at the contact with the granite. The chemical analysis of the zone show no difinite variations in contents of $SiO_2$ and CaO with the distance from the granite. It seems to be indicated that the silicification of this part was not so metasomatized by the granite body, but thermally affected as much as to be partially remelted in the specific parts of the formations. Meta-volcanic rock zone was slightly chloritized near contact with the granite. Limestone of Samtaesan Formation was silicified and skarned along the contact zone by the granite body. The chemical analysis of the zone show some noticiable changes in compositions of $SiO_2$ and CaO with distance from the granite boundary. It can be imagined that the silicification of this zone was metasomatically originated by Woelagsan Granite. According to chemical analysis on several trace elements, the ratio of Zn/Cr and Ni/Cr are relatively higher than that of Cu/Cr in the above mentioned silicified zones. Generally the variation of these metal elements in the zones tend to be regular with distance from the granite body.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1996

Stable isotopic ratios of the carbonate rocks and chemical compositions of the matrix of pebble bearing phyllitic rocks known as the Hwanggangri Formation, which are in hot debate on their origin such as tillite, debris flow and turbidite, were determined to interpret their depositional environment. Argillaceous matrix of the pebble bearing phyllitic rocks has a high content of CaO (av. 19.5%) and MgO (av. 8.3%), corresponding to calcareous sandy shale. No difference of chemical compositions including trace elements and REE is in the matrices between the Hwanggangri and the Kunjasan Formations. Carbonate rocks from the Okchon zone and outside of the zone range $-2.5{\sim}+6.1$‰ in ${\delta}^{13}C$ and $+5.8{\sim}+25.9$‰ in ${\delta}^{18}O$, indicating normal marine limestone. However, unusally $^{13}C$ enriched carbonate rocks might be deposited in the highly evaporated sedimentary basin. A wide variation of ${\delta}^{18}O$ values is responsible for metamorphism with a $^{18}O$ depleted meteoric water. Isotopic equilibrium temperatures by graphite-calcite geothermometer show a higher metamorphic temperature ($547{\sim}589^{\circ}C$) in the Okchon zone than those ($265{\sim}292^{\circ}C$) in the Samtaesan Formation of the Chosun group. Rhythmic alternation of relatively thin shale with thin limestone in the Kounri Formation is not cherty layer but thin limesilicate bed by metasomatic replacement. Judging from the isotopic and chemical compositions of the carbonate rocks and calcareous matrix of the pebble bearing phyllitic rocks, the Hwangganari Formation was deposited in the shallow marine environment favorable to debris flow.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.165-172
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• 2002

We presents an hazard zonation mapping technique in karst terrain and its assessment. From the detailed engineering geological mapping. Controlling factors of sink hole and limestone cave formation were discussed and 4 main hazard factors affecting hazard potential are identified as follows: prerequisite hazard factor(distributions of pre-existing sink holes and cavities), geomorphological hazard factors(slope gradient, vegetation, and drainage pattern etc.) geological hazard factors(lithology, fracture patterns and geological structures etc.) and hydraulic conditions(hydraulic head, annual fluctuation of ground water table and composition of g/w water). From the construction of hazard zonation map along the Jecheon-Maepo area, and vertical cross-sectional hazard zonations specific tunnel site we suggest hazard zonation rating systems.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.413-428
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• 2010

국전 연-아연 광상은 백악기 말 유천층군의 정각산층 내에 협재된 석회암이 불국사 관입암류인 흑운모화강암에 의해 교대작용을 받아 형성된 스카른 광상이다. 정각산층은 주로 응회질 세일로 구성되며 사암, 안산암질 응회암, 석회질암, 역암이 협재된다. 암색에 따라 하부, 중부, 상부로 나뉘며 석회질암은 하부에서 6~8 m의 층후를 가지고 약 500 m 정도 연장을 보인다. 국전광상은 과거 갱내 채굴이 이루어진 죽갱 광체와 광산의 동쪽에 위치한 동부 광체로 구분된다. 주요 광석광물은 섬아연석과 방연석여며 황동석, 유비철석, 황철석, 자류철석 등이 수반되며, 스카른 광물로는 단사휘석과 석류석이 주로 산출되며 양기석, 녹니석, 엑시나이트, 방해석, 석영 등이 수반된다. 죽갱 광체의 경우 부광대를 이루는 중심부로부터 바깥쪽으로 대칭적으로 대상 분포하는 특정을 보여주는데, 중심부로부터 단사휘석(헤덴버지이트)대, 단사휘석-석류석(그로슐라)대, 석류석(안드라다이트)대, 호온펠스 변질대 순으로 분포한다. 단사휘석은 부광대에서 멀어질수록 $Fe^{2+}$의 함량이 증가한다. 섬아연석은 부광대인 중심부를 포함하여 모든 대에서 산출되며 단사휘석과 마찬가지로 부광대에서 벌어질수록 섬아연석의 $Fe^{2+}$ 함량이 증가한다. 이는 국전광상의 배태에는 단사휘석과 섬아연석의 공생이 밀접히 관련되어 있음을 지시한다. 따라서, 국전광상의 산출상태는 황철석의 함량이 비교적 적으며 품위가 높은 섬아연석이 단사휘석과 수반되어 부광대를 이루는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.339-342
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• 2014

Rotary kiln produces lime from limestone through thermal decomposition. Ring formation in kiln internal wall is known issue that decreases productivity. The cause of ring formation is temperature imbalance as flame leans toward upper wall. Therefore, burner nozzle geometry was changed to improve air-fuel mixing state which leads to prevention of ring formation. CFD simulation and experimental test were performed in this study to investigate the effect of air-fuel mixing on flame structure, temperature and $NO_X$ concentration. It is shown that combustion efficiency has been enhanced and $NO_X$ concentration has been decreased by using swirl flow for secondary combustion air. It's also shown that flame has been straightened by using straight flow for secondary combustion air.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.71-74
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• 2001

AMB(Acid Mine Drainage), characterized as high concentration of metal & sulfate ions and low pH(2.0~4.0), is the world-wide problem wherever there is or has been mining activities. Though limestone has been generally used to neutralize AMD, There are metal hydroxide precipitation on the surface of limestone and excessive alkalinity formation which exceeds the regulation. In this research, concrete-recycled fine aggregate is selected for alternative neutralizing agent. Because fine recycled aggregate had more ANP than others in the preliminary research, the purpose of this research is to apply fine aggregate for AMD neutralization. Three columns packed with fine aggregates(2.5mm$O_3$) of it is calculated as 0.09(C-1), approximated 10% purity of limestone. Comparing with values of other columns(C-2: 0.01 and C-3: 0.01), there is variation of porosity and residence time induced from the precipitation of metal hydroxide. Consequently, 8 hours of HRT is enough to create adequate alkalinity and the function which could expect the variation of porosity(n) and residence time( $t_{R}$) should be applied to develop design function.lied to develop design function.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.369-381
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• 1990

우리나라에서 중요한 금속광상인 상동 중석, 연화 연-아연, 거도의 동-철 광상은 모두 태백분지내 함백향사 남익부에 위치하고 있다. 이들 광화작용은 대체로 동서 주향에 25-30도 북향한 경사로 놓여진 캠브리아기의 묘봉층내 석회암 협층과 풍촌 석회암에서 일어났다. 함백향사의 북익부에는 동일한 지질내에 동일형의 광상이 노출되어 있지 않아, 이 지역에서의 잠두광체를 찾기위한 수단으로 알려진 상동광산 지역에서 암석지화학적, 특별히 Si, Ca, Fe 및 탄소 안정동위원소를 이용한 탐사연구를 시도하였다. 광화대와 비광화대의 석회암 사이의 CaO와 $AL_2O_3$ 함량은 큰 차이를 보이고, 탄소동위 원소 분석결과 역시 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값이 광화대에서 더 낮은 값을 보이는 바 그 내용은 아래와 같다. 비광화대 광화대 CaO 51.3% 43.5% $Al_2O_3$ 0.6% 2.4% ${\delta}^{13}C$ -0.39 permil -0.56 permil $Fe_2O_3$ 0.9% 1.4% $SiO_2$ 3.0% 2.4% 광화대내의 풍촌석회암의 Si 함량이 감소한 것은 앞선 연구(Moon. 1987) 결과와 상치되는 바, 광화대내의 석회암중 Al 함량이 증가한 사실을 확인한 사실을 근거로 생각해 볼때, Si의 감소는 열극, 균열, 또는 소규모의 단층올 따라 주로 발달된 변질물의 증가에 따른 결과로 유추되기도 한다. 따라서 광화대내의 Si 와 Al 함량이 보여주는 현상은 화강암류로부터 전달된 열의 영향으로부터 기인된 것으로 상위 지표부의 석회암에 이로부터 광화활동이 이어진 것으로 여겨진다. 만약 함백향사의 북익부에서 풍촌석회암의 Fe, Al의 함량이 평균 함량치 보다 높을 뿐만 아니라, Ca와 Si는 낮고 Ca 함량과 ${\delta}^{13}C$의 값이 평균치보다 낮은 값을 보이는 경우는 잠두광체 탐사에 이용될 가치가 있다고 본다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 1971

About four hundred deposits of iron, talc, fluorite, tungsten, molybdenum, lead, zinc and other polymetallic mineral deposits were plotted on the Ore Distribution Map of the Ockcheon Geosynclinal Area. These mineral deposits plotted on the map can be divided into the several metallogenic zones by the consideration of their geologic background including the sedimentary and tectonic cycles and the igneous activities in the geosynclinal evolution, as follows: a. Chungju iron and talc zones. b. Cheong-san copper bearing iron sulphide zone c. Kumsan-Muju fluorite-polymetallic zones. d. Cheong-an Puyong and Ein Suckseong gold zone e. Hwang-gan Seolcheon and Sangju gold zones. Chungju iron zone originated in the iron bed in the Kemyongsan Series corresponding to the Pre-Ockcheon Cycle of evolution history. In early period of the Ockcheon Cycle, Hyangsanri quartzite and Munjuri phyllitic formation corresponding to the lower terrigenous sequence were not mineralized while the next sequence of the Samsungsan basic igneous-metamorphic formation and the Changri limestone formation were mineralized by the copper bearing iron sulphide and the fluorite-polymetallic deposits respectively. Two generations of the gold zones are recognized. The earlier generation distributes directionaly in the outside of the Ockcheon sedimentary belt was followed by the earlier grantitic invasion of Jurasic in age, while the later generation scatters at random which was related to the nondirectional Cretaceous granitic intrusion of the Post-Ockcheon Cycle. Conclusively speaking, it was disclosed that the endogenic mineralization in the Ockcheon geosyn clinal zone was not conspicuous in its inner sedimentary belt except its limestone area but in its outer peripheral granitic or gneissic zones, and the related igneous activities occured in the Post-Ockcheon Cycle of evolution history.

• 지질공학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.429-444
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• 2003

국내 대리석류의 산출 및 물리화학적 특성을 지질시대별로 분류하여 규명하였다. 선별된 시료에 대한 지질시대별 물성과 주원소 화학성분의 변화경향과 상관성을 해석하였다. 물성중에서 비중, 흡수율과 공극율은 선캠브리아기, 오오도비스기, 시대미상과 캠브리아기의 순으로 그 값이 점차 감소한다. 흡수율 대공극율은 거의가 뚜렷한 정의 경향을 이룬다. 압축강도 대 인장강도, 그리고 마모경도 대 압축강도는 대부분 정의 경향을 각각 이룬다. 압축강도는 선캠브리아기 1,106 $kg/\textrm{cm}^2$, 시대미상 935 $kg/\textrm{cm}^2$, 캠브리아기 $1,162{\;}kg/\textrm{cm}^2$ 그리고 오오도비스기 $1,560{\;}kg/\textrm{cm}^2$의 값을 각각 가진다. 인장강도는 $79{\;}kg/\textrm{cm}^2,{\;}82{\;}kg/\textrm{cm}^2,{\;}93{\;}kg/\textrm{cm}^2,{\;}96{\;}kg/\textrm{cm}^2$의 값을 각각 가져 지질시대가 오래된 것일수록 대체로 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 화학성분중에서 $SiO_2$는 $Al_2O_3,{\;}Fe_2O_{3(t)}와{\;}Na_2O+K_2O$에 대하여 대체로 정의 경향을 이룬다. MgO/CaO는 선캠브리아기 0.31, 시대미상 0.30, 캠브리아기 0.03, 오오도비스기 0.08을 가져 고기의 지질시대에서 그 비 값이 뚜렷이 증가한다. MgO는 CaO와 뚜렷한 부의 경향을 이루며, 이는 돌로마이트화작용에 의한 것으로 해석된다. 이들은 지질시대별로 방해석질 돌로마이트, 돌로마이트질 석회암, 석회암 그리고 돌로마이트질 석회암에 각각 해당한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1969

In the Sangdong Mine area, Taebaegsan series (Pre-Cambrian) and Chosun System (Cambro-ordovician) are widely distributed. The Chosun System consists of Yangdug Series (Jangsan Quartzite and Myobong Slate) and The Great Limestone Series (Pungchon Limestone, Shesong Shale, Hwajeol Formation and Dongjeom Quartzite). The mineralized zone containing the main ore body of the Sangdong Mine was developed in the Myobong Slate formation. The result of the field and microscopic study on the mineral paragenesis and it's wall rock alteration in the tungsten ore deposit shows the following features. The orogenic movements of the Post-Chosun System in the Hambaeg Geosyncline are closely related to the tungsten ore deposition in the area, the ore minerals are composed mainly of scheelite, powelite molybdenite and sulfide minerals, and gangue minerals are hornblende, diopside, garnet, quartz, phlogopite, tremolite, biotite, muscovite, fluorite, etc., main ore body was enriched by scheelite bearing quartz vein filling into interstices of formerly mineralized zones, and the minor faults, faults of N $60^{\circ}-70^{\circ}W$, $45^{\circ}-60^{\circ}NE$ and joints, which were formed at the end of the mineralization and the slate. Country rock of the ore body was altered into the following several zones from the outside to the inside; lowgrade recrystalline aureole, silicified sericite zone, and diopside-hornblende zone. Under the microscopic observation of 195 samples taken from throughout ore body can be classified into 10 different groups by their mineral paragenesis as shown in table 2. The garnet-diopside group is primary skarn and it shows gradational change to the groups of later stage by the successive processes of metasomatism. From the stage of quartz-bearing group, the dissemination of scheelite is seen. The crystallization of scheelite in the bed started with the quartz deposition and continued to the last stage when quartz vein intruded into the main ore body. In the field and the under ground investigation a durable limestone bed in thickeness about 20 meters and their remnants in ore body are observed and under microscope calcite remnants are recognized. Hence it is posturated that the ore material moved up through the faults, shear zones or feather cracks and was assimilated with the interbeded limestone, after that the body was affected by the successive differentiated ore solution by gradational increasing in $SiO_2$, $K_2O$ and $H_2O$. Evidently this ore deposit shows the features resulted from pyrometasomatic processes.