• Title/Summary/Keyword: Likert Scale

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The Structural Equation Model with Ordinal Data (순서형 자료로 측정된 구조방정식모형 분석)

  • 윤상운;박정선;이태섭
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.38-52
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    • 2002
  • This paper is concerned with the analysis of structural equation model(SEM) with the ordinal data such as Likert scale. The SEM is misused when the arbitrary scores allocated to the Likert scale are treated as quantitative data. The underlying distribution approaches have been studied to solve this problem, and the partial least squares(PLS) Is also tried. In this paper the quantification methods for the Likert scale are proposed to analyze the SEM. We assume that the Likert scale is an observation of the interval of the continuous underlying distribution, and the respondents have their own patterns in the response of some questions. Normal and beta distributions as the response patterns are considered to quantify the Likert scale. To compare the efficiency of the proposed method the bootstrap simulations are tried.

The Use of Likert Scale in Community Nutrition Research: Analysis of the Articles Published in Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (지역사회영양학 연구에서의 리커트 척도 이용 현황: 대한지역사회영양학회지 게재 논문을 중심으로)

  • Ryu, Si-Hyun;Yoon, Ji-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.600-607
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to examine if Likert scales had been properly utilized in community nutrition research. A total of 527 research articles published in the 32 issues of Korean Journal of Community Nutrition from the volume 5, issue 1 in 2000 to the volume 10, issue 2 in 2005 were screened and 55 articles were found to have utilized one or more Likert scales for the studies. Therefore, 109 Likert scales used in the 55 studies were reviewed regarding the name, statement and response items, reliability and validity check, and analysis method. The scales were mostly referred as Likert scales (60%) or Likert-type scales (27%). Some scales were found to be referred as Likert scales although they were Likert-type scales when judged based on the information given in the respective articles. However some scales couldn't be judged for the rightness of the names because the information given for the scales in the articles was not enough. About 23% of the scales consisted of items less than 6 or more than 30, and therefore found to be inappropriate. The percentage of the scales listing all the statement items in the articles was only 25%. Most of the scales (85%) included 5 response items, and the rest included 4 (7%), 7 (6%), or 3 (2%). The percentages of the scales including appropriate center and end items were only 2% and 22%, respectively. Less than half of the scales (41%) were found to have been checked for reliability and only one scale was reported to have been checked for validity. In some scales (6%), the responses were scored improperly for analysis. The responses to the scales were frequently found to have been analyzed by parametric statistics such as mean, ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson's correlation, which might be a problem depending on the size and distribution of study samples. In conclusion, there is much room for improvement in the use of Likert scales in community nutrition research.

Comparing the Questionnaires for Classifying Quality Attributes in the Kano Model (Kano 모델의 품질속성 분류를 위한 질문서 연구)

  • Kim, Man-Ho;Song, HaeGeun;Park, Young T.
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.209-220
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: This paper compares and discusses the influence on the quality classification of Kano's questionnaire which is used for the Kano model(Kano et al., 1984), the 3-point Likert-scale newly proposed by Kano and the 5-point Likert-scale presented in this study. Methods: For the comparison, the current study conducts a survey of 631 television viewers. The classification results of the three methods are then compared with those of direct classification which is adopted as a standard for classification of quality attributes. Results: The agreement rates between the results using conventional Kano's questionnaire and the results using direct classification is higher than the results using 3-point and 5-point Likert-scales. In addition, the attributes grouped as must-be or attractive in the direct classification appear to be classified as one-dimensional attributes in the Likert-scales. Conclusion: In comparison with the convensional Kano's questionnaire, the Likert-scale questions highly tend to classify the quatity attributes as one-dimensional. Although the classification results of the 3-point and 5-point Likert-scales are the same, the 5-point Likert-scale has the advantage to classify quality attributes in more detail.

The Likert Scale Attention Points Applied to Research on Attitude and Interests on Science Education (과학교육의 태도와 흥미 연구에서 리커트 척도 활용의 유의점)

  • Park, HyunAe;Bae, Sungwoo;Park, Jongseok
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.385-391
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    • 2014
  • We use a scale mainly for quantification when we study the psychological characteristics that we cannot observe. The utilization of a scale is frequent in scientific educational studies. The convenience offered by Likert scale, which is among the most frequently used, enable us to grasp characteristic attitude or recognition in students, and evaluate them against an affective domain. But a lot of errors occur, and has been noted as well in the case of utilizing Likert scale in the process. A central tendency in the utilization of Likert scale appears in this study, and the trend analyzes according to study objects and study contents, but we intend to find a way to utilize Likert scale. The results of study made on our countryside students show that the answers tend to get concentrated and a central tendency appears. Our countryside students were aware of the eyes surroundings them, have respect for elders through social experiences, and have had troubles with differentiated expression or personality in the group and cultural environments. According to the object of study, the central tendency appears more among older students than younger students, more among general students than gifted students. In the contents of study, the central tendency has been given more appearance in scope and their exposure has relatively been in large domain. Therefore when utilizing Likert scale in scientific education study, an error of central tendency appears as if they are results of the study. So, when applying the Likert scale to scientific study, we need to consider sociocultural environment, characteristics of an object and contexts of study. This enables avoiding dependence on numerical value of the utilization results, and interpret them correctly.

Fuzzy Hypotheses Testing of Likert Fuzzy Scale (리커트 퍼지 척도에 대한 퍼지 가설검정)

  • Kang Man-Ki;Lee Chang-Eun;Chio Gue-Tak
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.533-537
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    • 2005
  • A Likert scale is an often used questionnaire format. It requests respondents to specify their level of agreement to each of a list of statements. A typical question using a five-point Likert scale might make a statement. The results shows vague values. We have five-point fuzzy membership function by fuzzy valued three-point for the question and fuzzy hypothesis test the membership function by 95% confidence interval.

Effect and Interrelationship of Evaluation System in Employee's Job Satisfaction at Deluxe Hotel Kitchen (호텔 조리종사자의 메뉴개발 직무만족도에 대한 평가시스템의 영향 및 상호관계)

  • Lee, Jung-Ho;Kang, Kun-Og
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.363-371
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    • 2015
  • This study investigated the effect and interrelationship of evaluation system in employee's job satisfaction at deluxe hotel kitchen in the Seoul area. The questionnaires developed for this study were distributed to 400 chefs during June to August, 2012. A total of 364 questionnaires were used for analysis (91.0%) and the statistical analysis was completed using PASW (SPSS) 18. The status of operating menu evaluation and menu development was analyzed by dividing the questionnaires into three categories: 'menu idea', 'menu evaluator' and 'menu evaluation system'. The 'menu idea' category showed the highest concern for 'Is the selected idea differentiated from competitors' menu?' (3.10 Likert scale), the 'menu evaluator' category showed the highest concern for 'Do the evaluator's individual factors affect menu evaluation?' ($3.88{\pm}0.96$), and the 'menu evaluation system' showed the highest concern for 'Is the menu commercialized by the menu evaluation system?' (3.32 Likert scale). Overall job satisfaction was studied into three categories: 'human field', 'material field' and 'evaluation field'. Overall satisfaction about one's job was 3.24 Likert scale. For satisfaction in each category, satisfaction for 'human field' was the highest with 3.30 Likert scale compared to 'material field' and 'evaluation field' with 2.76 Likert scale and 3.27 Likert scale, respectively. In conclusion, establishment of a unified evaluation system to improve employee's job satisfaction related to menu development is needed.

A simulation comparison on the analysing methods of Likert type data (모의실험에 의한 리커트형 설문분석 방법의 비교)

  • Kim, Hyun Chul;Choi, Seung Kyoung;Choi, Dong Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.373-380
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    • 2016
  • Even though Likert type data is ordinal scale, many researchers who regard Likert type data as interval scale adapt as parametric methods. In this research, simulations have been used to find out a proper analysis of Likert type data. The locations and response distributions of five point Likert type data samples having diverse distribution have been evaluated. In estimating samples' locations, we considered parametric method and non-parametric method, which are t-test and Mann-Whitney test respectively. In addition, to test response distribution, we employed Chi-squared test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. In this study, we assessed the performance of the four aforementioned methods by comparing Type I error ratio and statistical power.

Comparative Study on the Effect of Acupuncture on Local Acupoints and Distal Acupoints for Patients with Whiplash Injury (교통사고로 인한 편타성 손상 환자에 대한 원위취혈 및 근위취혈의 치료효과 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Jee-Hyun;Lee, Kyung-Min;Lim, Seong-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 2010
  • Objective : The purpose of this study is to compare the Effect of Acupuncture on Local Acupoints and Distal Acupoints for Patients with Whiplash Injury. Method : From January 1st 2009 to September 31th 2009, 10 patient were divided into 2 groups. One group was taken Local Acupoints, and the other group was taken Distal Acupoints. To check pain and treatment satisfaction, visual analog scale(VAS) and five-point likert scale were used before and after treatment. Result : Both acupuncture theraphy showed improvement in VAS and five-point likert scale. And Local Acupoints group showed more effective than Distal Acupoints group on five-point likert scale. Conclusion : This Study suggests that Acupuncture on Local Acupoints and Distal Acupoints can be applicable to improve symptom in Patients with Whiplash Injury.

The Clinical Study on the Effect of Acupotomy in Shoulder Disease (침도침 시술이 견관절 질환에 미치는 영향에 관한 임상적 고찰)

  • Kim, Yeon-Mi;Hong, Kwon-Eui
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.141-148
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of acupotomy for patients with shoulder disease. Methods : We treated Five patients who have shoulder disease with acupotomy. To check the effect and satisfaction of acupotomy we used visual analog scale(VAS) and Five-point Likert scale. At the same time, we measured Change of shoulder range of motion(ROM). Results : After treatment pain were improved, VAS score decreased significantly to 2.5. The Likert scale point were checked 4.4, the patients were satisfied with the effect of acupotomy. Conclusions : This study shows acupotomy has useful effect on shoulder disease. An acupotomy is an alternative effective treatment modality for shoulder disease.

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The Clinical Study on the Effect of Acupotomy on Chronic Arthritis of Ankle (침도침 시술을 시행한 만성 족관절 염좌 환자 2례에 대한 증례보고)

  • Kim, Min-Jung;Hong, Kwon-Eui
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.157-162
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of acupotomy for patients with chronic arthritis of ankle. Methods : We treated Two patients who have chronic arthritis of ankle with acupotomy. To check the effect and satisfaction of acupotomy we used visual analog scale(VAS) and Five-point Likert scale. At the same time, we measured Change of ankle range of motion(ROM). Results : As a result of evaluation by using VAS, after treatment VAS score decreased(VAS3, VAS5). ROM of ankle widened. And the Likert scale point were checked 3 and 4. Conclusions : This study shows acupotomy has useful effect on chronic arthritis of ankle. An acupotomy is an alternative effective treatment modality for chronic arthritis of ankle.

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