• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1994

In recent years, the municipal wastes recognized resources. This study was performed to survey the changes of main components of the pretreated(chemical, physical) lignocellulosic biomass. The result can be summerized as follows; In pulp fiber composition, newsprint and corrugating container were mainly consist of softwood fiber(tracheid). But computer print out and magazine had a large amount of hardwood fiber(wood fiber). And, carbohydrate content in the various lignocellulosic biomass increases as the following orders : Magazine < Newsprint < Corrugating container < Computer print out. In the chemical pretreatments for the delignification, sodium hypochlorite pretreatment was more effective than sodium hydroxide. By washing, ash content of lignocellulosic biomass was decreased. Physical pretreatments were less effective than chemical pretreatment for the delignification. On the other hand, in physical pretreatments, ash content of lignocellulosic biomass was the same tendency as in the chemical pretreatments.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.794-799
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• 2006

In recent years, the use of natural fiber as reinforcement in polymer composites to replace synthetic fiber such as glass fiber is receiving increasing attention. Because of increasing usage according to the high demand, the cost of thermoplastic has increased rapidly over the past decades. We used a thermoplastic polymer(polypropylene) as the matrix and a lignocellulosic material(rice-husk flour) as the reinforcement filler to prepare a particle-reinforced composite to examine the possibility of using lignocellulosic material as reinforcement filler and to determine data of test results for physical, mechanical and morphological properties of the composite according to the reinforcement filler content in respect to thermoplastic polymer, In this study, PLA/PP rice-husk fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites that made by the hot press molding method according to appropriate manufacturing process was evaluated as mechanical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2001

Rice husk flours were analyzed by chemical composition and thermogravimetric methods in nitrogen atmosphere to discuss its feasibility as a raw material for manufacturing agricultural lignocellulosic fiber-thermoplastic polymer composite. It was revealed in the chemical composition analysis that rice husk flour was composed of moisture, 5.0%; lignin, 21.6%; holocellulose, 60.8%; ash, 12.6%. In the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermal decomposition behavior of rice husk flour from room temperature to $350^{\circ}C$ was similar to that of wood flour, but rice husk flour was more thermally stable from 350 to $800^{\circ}C$ than wood flour because of higher silica content in the rice husk flour and smaller particle size of rice husk flour. The activation energy of thermal decomposition was evaluated using Flynn & Wall expression. As the thermal decomposition proceeded in rice husk flour, the activation energy of thermal decomposition appeared almost constant up to ${\alpha}=0.25$, but thereafter increased. Activation energy of thermal decomposition in wood flour, however, decreased steeply up to ${\alpha}=0.3$, but thereafter remained almost constant. From the results, rice husk flour was thought be a substitute for wood flour in manufacturing agricultural lignocellulosic fiber-thermoplastic polymer composite in the aspect of thermal decomposition.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2011

This study reviewed on the research trend of sources and utilization of the byproducts(Lignin) from bioethanol production process with lignocellulosic biomass such as wood, agri-processing by-products(corn fiber, sugarcane bagasse etc.) and energy crops(switch grass, poplar, Miscanthus etc.). During biochemical conversion process, only Cellulose and hemicellulosic fractions are converted into fermentable sugar, but lignin which represents the third largest fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is not convertible into fermentable sugars. It is therefore extremely important to recover and convert biomass-derived Lignin into high-value products to maintain economic competitiveness of cellulosic ethanol processes. It was introduced that lignin types and characteristics were different from various isolation methods and biomass sources. Also utilization and potentiality for market of those were discussed.

• 공업화학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2016

불안정한 원유 가격과 지속적인 환경 문제를 야기하고 있는 석유 자원의 대체를 위한 바이오매스 활용 기술 개발과 상업화가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 목질계 바이오매스 전처리와 펄프 제조 과정에서 다량으로 발생하는 리그닌은 바이오에탄올 제조량의 증가와 더불어 발생량 또한 급속히 증가할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 리그닌은 방향족 고분자로 hydroxyl기와 같은 화학 작용기를 갖고 있어 화학 소재 원료로서의 활용이 가능한 저가 부산물이다. 리그닌의 방향족구조와 작용기를 oxypropylation, epxoidation 등을 이용하여 화학적으로 변환시켜 반응성을 향상시키거나, 새로운 화학작용기를 도입함으로써 바이오폴리우레탄, 바이오폴리에스터, 페놀 수지, 에폭시 수지 등 바이오플라스틱 제조에 활용이 가능하다. 본 총설은 리그닌을 활용하여 제조 가능한 바이오플라스틱, 수지, 탄소섬유 등에 대해 소개하고, 관련 최신 연구 동향 및 리그닌 응용 기술에 관한 전망을 소개하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1993

Composites of styrene polymers with woody fibers were prepared, and the effect of compatibilizers on their mechanical properties was evaluated. To improve the compatibility of wood fibers and the matrix polymers, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer(SMA) and maleic anhydride-modified polymers were used as compatibilizers. As results, maleic anhydride-modified polystyrene and SMA were proved to improve the tensile strength of the molded composites, and also were evaluated as good compatibilizers for the wood fiber polystyrene composite. Cellulosic fiber (dissolving pulp) provided better reinforcement than lignocellulosic fiber(thermomechanical pulp). On the contrary in the case of the composite of wood fiber and acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene copolymer(ABS), SMA and maleic anhydride-modified acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer(MABS) did not act as compatibilizers. However, MABS was evaluated as a good polymer matrix to make wood fiber reinforced composite. The tensile properties of the composites of wood fiber and MABS were superior than those of wood fiber-ABS composites.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 국내산 리그노셀룰로오스 자원을 이용하여 기계적 처리를 통해 나노섬유를 제조 후, 형태학적 특성 및 고강도 시트로의 응용 가능성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 연속식 분쇄 처리는 세포벽의 구조를 느슨하게하고 분쇄 소요 시간이 증가함에 따라 나노스케일에 가까운 섬유가 관찰되었다. 재료의 미립화 정도를 증명하는 여수시간은 모든 공시재료에서 분쇄 소요시간이 증가함에 따라 직선적인 증가 경향을 나타내었다. 셀룰로오스의 상대결정화는 기계적인 해섬처리 정도에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았으나 탈리그닌 처리에 의해 크게 증가하였다. 셀룰로오스 나노섬유 시트는 기계적인 분쇄 소요시간이 증가함에 따라 인장강도가 증가하였고 옥수수줄기를 이용한 시트에서 특히 높은 인장강도가 측정되었다. 상기와 같은 결과는 국내 자생 식물자원을 활용한 셀룰로오스 나노섬유 제조 기술의 유용한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.548-556
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• 2021

본 연구는 부직포의 환경오염 문제를 해결하기 위하여 리그노셀룰로오스 섬유와 야자각 활성탄(CSA)을 이용한 미세먼지-저감 여과필터의 제조 가능성을 조사하였다. CSA의 경우, 휘발성 유기화합물(VOC)과 유해금속의 저감을 위한 여과필터 제조용 원료로서 적용 가능성을 확인하였으며, CSA의 VOC 저감효과는 목섬유보다 5배 이상으로 측정되었다. 돈모, 인모, 돈혈과 같은 단백질계 원료와 낙엽송 수피 열수 추출물을 이용하여 조제한 천연접착제를 적용하여 최소 200 kg/m³의 목표밀도와 함께 최대 40 wt%의 CSA로 제조된 섬유판은 취급이 가능한 강도를 보유한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이 조건에서 제조된 섬유판의 경우, 통기성이 낮아 이를 해결하기 위하여 통기구를 가진 섬유판의 제조가 요구되었다. 활성탄으로 사용한 CSA는 강도 및 성형성을 고려하여 입자의 크기는 2 mesh 이상으로 조절이 필요하였고, 표층에는 목섬유만 심층에는 목섬유와 활성탄으로 구성된 3층 섬유판으로 제조하는 방안이 최적조건으로 도출되었다. 한편 필터지(한지)는 우수한 미세먼지 여과능을 가진 것으로 조사되었으며, 결과적으로 타공 섬유판과 함께 한지로 구성된 여과필터 세트가 부직포로 생산되고 있는 기존 여과필터를 대신하여 실내외 공간에 존재하는 미세먼지외에 VOC와 유해금속 등의 저감장치용 여과필터로서 사용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2018

Natural fibers derived from lignocellulosic materials are considered to be more environment-friendly than petroleum-based synthetic fibers. Several natural fibers, such as seedpod fibers, have a potential for development, including kapok and balsa fibers. The characteristics of both fibers were evaluated to determine their suitability for specific valuable applications. The purpose of this study was to analyze some important fundamental properties of kapok and balsa fibers, including their dimensions, morphology, chemical components, and wettability. The results showed that the average fiber lengths for kapok and balsa were 1.63 and 1.30 cm, respectively. Kapok and balsa fibers had thin cell walls and large lumens filled with air. The kapok fiber was composed of 38.09% ${\alpha}-cellulose$, 14.09% lignin, and 2.34% wax content, whereas the balsa fiber was composed 44.62% ${\alpha}-cellulose$, 16.60% lignin, and 2.29% wax content. The characteristics of kapok and balsa fibers were examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The contact angle of the distilled water on kapok and balsa fibers was more than $90^{\circ}$, indicating that both fibers are hydrophobic with low wettability properties because of to the presence of wax on the fiber surface.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1669-1679
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• 2015

The quest to broaden the narrow range of feed ingredients available to pig producers has prompted research on the use of low cost, unconventional feedstuffs, which are typically fibrous and abundant. Maize cobs, a by-product of a major cereal grown worldwide, have potential to be used as a pig feed ingredient. Presently, maize cobs are either dumped or burnt for fuel. The major challenge in using maize cobs in pig diets is their lignocellulosic nature (45% to 55% cellulose, 25% to 35% hemicellulose, and 20% to 30% lignin) which is resistant to pigs' digestive enzymes. The high fiber in maize cobs (930 g neutral detergent fiber/kg dry matter [DM]; 573 g acid detergent fiber/kg DM) increases rate of passage and sequestration of nutrients in the fiber reducing their digestion. However, grinding, heating and fermentation can modify the structure of the fibrous components in the maize cobs and improve their utilization. Pigs can also extract up to 25% of energy maintenance requirements from fermentation products. In addition, dietary fiber improves pig intestinal health by promoting the growth of lactic acid bacteria, which suppress proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines. This paper reviews maize cob composition and the effect on digestibility of nutrients, intestinal microflora and growth performance and proposes the use of ensiling using exogenous enzymes to enhance utilization in diets of pigs.