• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2012

Fixtures such as bushings in terminations of high temperature superconducting(HTS) power cable systems are subjected to high voltages, which have to transition from ambient to cryogenic temperatures. As such it is imperative to ensure the integrity of the dielectrics under all operating conditions, including thermal aspects brought about by the passage of current. Gaseous helium(GHe) at high pressure is regarded as a potential coolant for superconducting cables. The dielectric aspects of cryogenic helium gas are both complex and demanding. In this experimental study we looked at the interface between a smooth epoxy surface and high pressure helium gas in a homogeneous electric field. The alternating current(AC) flashover voltages of epoxy samples are presented. The results have been analyzed by using Weibull statistics. In addition to the behavior of the epoxy in gaseous helium as a function of pressure and temperature we also present data of the characteristics of the epoxy in mineral oil and in liquid nitrogen($LN_2$). The breakdown characteristics of a uniform field gap in gaseous helium as a function of pressure and temperature under AC, direct current(DC) and lightning impulse voltages are also given. Electric field calculations have been made for one of the experimental geometries in an attempt to explain some of the anomalies in the experimental results.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 제5회 영호남 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.19-22
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• 2003

In the response to increasing the demands for electrical energy, much effort aimed to develop and commercialize 1MVA HTS power equipments that is supported by a grant from center for Applied Superconductivity Technology of the 21st Century Frontier R&D Program funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology is going on in Korea. For the development, the cryogenic insulation and winding insulation of it in this paper are discussed. In the first many types of dielectric insulating tests were carried out. In detail Breakdown characteristics of $LN_2$, FRP and turn insulating films, flashover characteristics along the FRP surface in $LN_2$ were verified after distinguishing insulation components in HIS windings. And then model windings were designed and insulation test was conducted. These included a AC withstand voltage test of 50kV rms and a lightning impulse test of 150kV at peak.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제43권7호
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• pp.1206-1213
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• 1994

This paper presents the operation principle and design rule of the Rogowski coil which can measure the transient current and describes the calibration and application experimental results for performance evaluation. It is obtained that the response curves of the Robowski coil with the turns of 300 and the passive integrator to sinusoidal input give a good linearity up to the frequency of 500 [kHz] and the current measurement system gaving the Rogowski coil is the frequency bandwidth of 40 [Hz]~700 [kHz]. As an application experiment for the fabricated modeling power transmission line, the impulse current, which limitates the direct lightning return stroke to overhead ground wire, is measured by the Rogowski coil and its fast Fourier transformation is carried out. The equivalent circuit of the Rogowski coil considering the stray capacitances is proposed, and the theoretical analysis is in good agreement with the measurement results. Also, it is found that for high frequency domain the stray capacitance such as a distributed capacitance to the shield and the capacitance between windings of coil should be considered in designing the Rogowski coils since the resonance originates from the stray capacitance and the self-inductance of the Rogowski coil.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1015-1017
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• 2003

In a research and development team of high temperature superconducting (HTS) transformer for power distribution, prior to manufacture a single phase 1MVA 22.9 kV/6.6 kV HTS transformer, a 1MVA transformer for insulation test with windings made of copper tapes with the same size as BSCCO-2223 HTS tape was manufactured. The test transformer was composed of both the copper windings of double pancake type and the shell type core of laminated silicon steel plates. The characteristics tests of the test transformer were performed, such as no load test, load test and short test at 77k using liquid nitrogen. Insulation tests, lightning impulse test, power-frequency voltage test and external insulation test, were accomplished also.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.941-942
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• 2007

The superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) consists of superconducting coil for limiting the fault current and cryogenic cooling system for keeping the coil in superconducting condition. The study on the insulation design for superconducting coil and cryogenic cooling system should be elaborately performed to develop a high voltage SFCL. In this paper, insulation design of solenoid coil for 13.2kV/630A SFCL is performed through the AC dielectric breakdown test and lightning impulse dielectric strength test. The dependence of dielectric characteristics on the magnitude of liquid nitrogen pressure is also investigated. Through the investigation, it is verified that dielectric characteristics of sub-cooled nitrogen are strongly enhanced by the pressurization. The electrical insulation design of 13.2kV/630A SFCL is performed by applying the experimental results. The successful insulation design for development of 13.2kV/630A SFCL is confirmed by AC dielectric breakdown tests.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2011

This paper presents characteristics of frequency-dependent grounding impedance and transient grounding impedance for the carbon compound grounding electrode used in the installation of computerized electronic equipment and lightning protection system. The frequency-dependent grounding impedances were measured by applying sinusoidal currents in the frequency range from 100 [Hz] to 10[MHz], and the transient grounding impedances were examined by subjecting the impulse current with the front-time between 1~80[${\mu}s$]. As a result, the ground resistance of the carbon compound grounding electrode is less than that of another type grounding electrodes. The transient grounding impedance is relatively low and the conventional grounding impedance is rather lower than the ground resistance. The frequency-dependent grounding impedance of the carbon compound grounding electrode is capacitive and the grounding impedance is decreased with increasing the frequency of injected currents. Therefore in the case that the carbon compound grounding electrode is jointly used with large-scaled grounding electrodes, it is possible to reduce the high frequency grounding impedance of the integrated grounding electrode system.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2021

As the large-scale renewable energy power plant increases, the high-capacity and compact Energy Storage System (ESS) is required. However, this trend could reduce the insulation reliability of ESS. In this study, the surface flashover characteristics for four types of solid insulators are investigated in the uniform electric field with AC and Lightning Impulse (LI) voltage waveforms under various contamination levels. In addtion, insulator surfaces are compared based on the contact angle before and after surface flashover. The experimental results show that AC flashover voltage is dependent on the materials and the contamination level, but LI flashover voltage is only associated with the contamination level. Especially, AC flashover voltage of PC (PolyCarbonate) is higher than that of other insulators, which is associated with the unique and sequential creepage discharge propagation pattern of PC. The localized discharges on the surface of PC form corresponding tracking points. Then, the interconnected trackings result in the complete flashover. This flashover patterns degrade the surface of PC much more than that of epoxy and Bulk Molding Compoud (BMC). Thus, the contact angle of PC is significantly reduced compared to that of other insulators. The increased hydrophilicity in the surface of PC enhances the insulator surface conductivity.

• 한국조명전기설비학회지:조명전기설비
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.44-52
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• 1997

반도체와 IC를 포함한 전자회로는 서지 전압 및 전류에 대해 매우 취약하다. 따라서 전자회로와 교류전원선로에 서지보호장치가 널리 사용되고 있다. 이들 서지보호장치의 동작에 의해 누전 차단기가 오동작 할 수 있으며, 누전 차단기의 오동작에 의한 교류전원의 차단은 전자.정보화 시스템의 운전효율 및 신뢰성의 저하와 경제적인 손실 등과 같은 단점을 초래한다. 본 연구의 목적은 서지 전압에 대한 누전 차단기의 오동작 특성을 조사하는 것이다. 10〔kV〕의 1.2/50〔$\mu\textrm{s}$〕서지전압발생기를 제작하였으며, 한국공업규격 KS C 4613의 시험조건과 바리스터를 포함하는 모의 시험회로 조건에 대해 서지 전압을 인가하였을 때 누전 차단기의 오동작 특성을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 서지 전압과 표류정전용량이 증가함에 따라 누전 차단기의 영상전류의 피크값은 증가하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 모든 누전 차단기는 KS C 4613에 규정된 뇌임펄스 부동작 시험조건에는 적합하였다. 그러나 바리스터를 삽입한 시험회로 조건에서는 단지 1종의 시료를 제외하고 모두 오동작하였다. 서지보호장치를 가지고 있는 교류전원선로에 설치된 누전차단기는 오동작할 가능성이 매우 높다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권8호
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• pp.1560-1565
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• 2011

The environmental pollution caused by green-house gases such as $CO_2$ and $SF_6$ has been becoming the main issue of industrial society. Many developed countries are making efforts to minimize the amount of $CO_2$ emission come from the operation of high voltage electrical apparatuses. As a part of these efforts, 180 countries signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to cut back on their green-house gas emissions. Nowadays, the study on the development of dry air insulated switchgear (DAIS) which is known as an eco-friendly electrical apparatus is in progress. A DAIS is advantageous for minimizing the effect of impurities and enhancing the dielectric characteristics over an air insulated switchgear (AIS) by applying constant pressure to an enclosed cubicle. Therefore, a study on the electrical insulation performance of dry air as a gaseous insulation medium is conducted in this paper to substitute a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) for DAIS. As results, it is verified that the AC dielectric characteristics of dry air are similar to those of air and the lightning impulse dielectric characteristics of dry air are superior to those of air at 1bar pressure condition. However, dry air is of inferior dielectric characteristics to $SF_6$ at 4bar pressure condition. Finally, it is suggested that the internal pressure of DAIS should be over 4bar pressure to develop a high voltage switchgear which has similar electrical performance to a conventional GIS. Also, the empirical formulae on calculating the maximum electric field intensity at sparkover of dry air are deduced by experiments according to pressures. It is expected that these results are helpful to design and develop a high voltage electrical apparatus.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2007

가스방전관(GDT)은 내부 정전용량이 작아서 통신용 서지보호기로 널리 사용되고 있는 소자이다. 하지만 가스방 전관의 동작개시를 위해서는 방전이 개시될 수 있는 충분한 전압과 시간이 필요하며, 이 동작개시전압은 피보호 회로가 서지에 민감한 장비일 경우 손상을 줄 수 있을 만큼 크므로 최근에는 조합 형태로 적용하는 경우가 대부분이다. 이렇게 초기 과전압이 상당 부분 존재하는 가스방전관에는 추가적으로 TVS나 필터 등을 통해 피크 전압을 제한해 주어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 공통모드 초크코일을 이용한 필터를 적용하여 공통모드와 차동모드의 조합회로를 구성하고, 주파수 대역이 다른 뇌임펄스 전압과 ring wave 전압을 인가하여 파형에 따른 조합회로의 특성을 확인하였다. 다단으로 보호되는 과정을 각각의 측정점에서 잔류전압을 측정하여 단계별로 적용한 SPD들이 어떻게 동작하는지를 실측데이터로 제시하였다. 각 단계의 잔류전압을 비교했을 때 공통모드에 비하여 차동모드에서 서지전압을 제한하는 성능이 보다 효과적이다.