• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2023

Tall buildings are frequently decried as unsustainable due to their excessive energy usage. Early skyscrapers used natural light and ventilation to facilitate human comfort and applied organic materials such as stone, glass, wood, concrete, and terra cotta for cladding and finishes. With the advent of fluorescent lighting, modern heating, ventilation, air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, and thermally sealed curtain walls, tall office buildings no longer had to rely on natural light and ventilation to provide comfort. Energy efficiency was not a significant factor when the operational costs of buildings were relatively inexpensive. However, today's skyscrapers must become more energy-efficient and sustainable due to energy crises and climate change. This paper highlights vital energy-efficient design principles and demonstrates with illustrative case studies how they are applied to tall buildings in various parts of the world. It shows how sustainable environmental systems do not act alone but are integrated with advanced curtain wall systems, sky gardens, and atria, among others, to regulate and sustain thermal comfort and conserve energy.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.654-660
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• 2011

This paper dealt with a design guide of LED luminaires to replace the surface and watertight fluorescent lamp (FL) fixtures for naval vessels. Several standards such as Korean Industrial Standard (KS), Korea Defence Standard (KDS) and US Military Standard (MIL) were compared in terms of safety and performance of lighting fixtures. The electrical and optical characteristics like power consumption, total luminous flux, and illumination distribution of the FL fixtures were experimentally analyzed to acquire design rules for LED luminaires. Based on the results, four types of LED luminaires were fabricated, and we proposed a design guide of LED luminaires for naval vessels which save power consumption of 44~51 [%] and increase total luminous flux of 8~13 [%].

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.573-579
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• 2017

The game industry using Smart phones and related market is rapidly growing every year and a graphical view of the game fun and games player is in a diverse environment improvement. Game visuals in the design of the application of the user's perspective, very simple tricks, unlike such as the game's environment is pc, but more sophisticated and to improve the quality of the game, planning is required. Ranking the top rankings, game downloads this study, therefore, has recently structured questionnaire based on the case in existing research conducted a survey. The surveyed more than 200 million people downloaded the Onmyoji game users in China was limited to the preferences of each gui survey analyzed. Preference shown in graphic identify success factors should be improved to lighting of the basic elements of design / ux ui and applications should be taken into account when designing the game. A Study on Design Factors for research purposes. The results verification the importance of visual elements, information elements, manipulation, and rapid response.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.105-117
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• 2004

The Pasadena Freeway follows the Arroyo Seco through foothills and scenic passes to link Downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena. The approximately 10 mile road was the first freeway built in the West during the 1930's and is today designated as a Historic Parkway. As it approaches Pasadena, it terminates at a traffic light intersection at Glenarm Street, and then becomes a commercial road the Arroyo Parkway. This one and a quarter mile long, north south road moves significant volumes of traffic both into and out of Pasadena. The Arroyo Parkway is thus a major 'gateway' and an important axis of orientation and movement, terminating in the City's core civic, commercial and retail district. Planting, lighting, signage, paving, furnishing and fixtures ought to all be properly designed and coordinated to create a distinctive 'gateway' experience arriving to Pasadena and driving along the Arroyo Parkway. Alternate design studies, developed in discussion with City officials and others involved in the redevelopment of the area, would need to be done to properly decide on the best direction. Issues of heritage and traditional streetscape will likely have to be reconciled with both the reality of the vehicular character of the road and more contemporary themes. Obviously with such large parcels of property available in the Arroyo Fair Oaks corridor, there is a huge potential for redevelopment and building. This potential would only be strengthened by the Light Rail Line and its stations, the improvements to the Arroyo Parkway, and the redevelopment of the Arts Center College of Design. Guides and controls to the development process, including programming and physical design studies, would need to be developed in order to ensure that the maximum potential for the corridor be realized. This concept proposal suggests that the whole strip might be developed as a Arts and Technology corridor, with special emphases on education, public culture, media and lifestyle. The full programming possibilities need to be further developed. Additionally, appropriate urban design guidelines to ensure high quality development also need to be incorporated into an overall development plan.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 2021

This study developed safety clothing that is essential for adolescent to protect their bodies from accidents, pursue activities and individuality. Therefore, the developed safety clothing was first based on international standards, while changing design to emphasize creativity, activity, and functionality. Two suits of boy's clothes and a girl's suit were developed as safety clothing for sportswear, along with two pairs of girl's clothes and a pair of boy's clothes for entertainment. It was confirmed that the difference in visibility was revealed by testing under different lighting conditions. Second, the survey on adolescents indicated no significant gender difference in sportswear. Round shirt+shorts for both boys and girls were the most preferred for ball game sportswear. However, there was a significant difference by gender in the design of safety clothing for entertainment. Male students preferred jump suit=cape+pants the most, and female students preferred jump suit>cape+pants in the order (p<0.05). In the safety clothes with the highest preference for entertainment, there was no gender difference. All students preferred the jump suit at the most. Checking at each school level, it was found that both middle and high school students preferred jump suit designs, and in safety clothing, middle school students preferred high-neck shirt blouse+tight skirt, and high school students preferred jump suits. Third, 35.5% responded that they would wear it more if current safety clothing is improved. This indicated the necessity of developing various safety clothing for adolescence.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop smart bags that combining fashion-specific trends and smart information technologies such as light-emitting diodes(LED) and optic fibers by grafting marquage techniques that have recently become popular as part of eco-fashion. We applied e-textiles by designing leather tote bags that could show off LED luminescence. A total of two tote bags, a white-colored peacock design and a black-colored paisley design, divided the LED's light-emitting method into two types, incremental lighting and random light-emission to suit each design, and the locations of the optical fibers were also reversed depending upon the design. The production of circuits for the LEDs and optical fibers was based on the design, and a flexible conductive fabric was laser-cut instead of wire line and attached to the circuit-line location. A separate connector was underwent three-dimensional(3D)-modeling and was connected to high-luminosity LEDs and optic fiber bundles. The optical fiber logo part expressed a subtle image using a white-colored LED, which did not offset the LED's sharp luminous effects, suggesting that using LEDs with fiber optics allowed for the expression of each in harmony without being heterogeneous. Overall, the LEDs and fiber optic fabric were well-harmonized in the fashion bag using marquage techniques, and there was no sense of it being a mechanical device. Also, the circuit part was made of conductive fabric, which is an e-textile product that feels the same as a thin, flexible fabric. The study confirmed that the bag was developed as a smart wearable product that could be used in everyday life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.125-137
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• 2012

This study examines the stage costumes of the creative musical 'Hyecho', which was performed six times in the Chung Ang Art Center hosted by Chung-Ang University's performance & media agency from December 20 to 22 in 2006. The stage costumes were made based on these basic design elements of stage costumes that were dyed : line, silhouette, material, and color. First, the creative musical 'Hyecho' presents a new form of fusion theatre, which blends Korean traditional music and dance with videos. Thereby, the musical has opened a new phase in Korea's creative performing arts. Second, in musical performances that combines dance and songs, stage costumes should be made not only to attract the audience's eyes, but also not to interrupt actors' vocalizations and movements by taking their physical features into account. Also, costumes should be made in consideration of their relationships with visual elements, including stage settings and lighting. Third, the musical features fusion-style stage costumes, which combines Hanbok, the Korean traditional costume, and Indian traditional costumes with modern costumes. For the line and silhouette, costumes show the beauty of curves through the curves of Hanbok and India's traditional costumes and also through irregular pleats of pants. Also, by using cotton materials, which is easy to dye and not readily deformed, costumes feature colors that are found in nature through a gradation dyeing technique. In doing so, it offers visual amusement to the audience by making stage costumes look like a beautiful painting. Fourth, the stage costumes of the chorus feature costumes that use lining and pleated skirts using belts, and various accessories, including necklaces that use strings in order to express evil spirits. Since there is not much time to change costumes during a performance, using such items are helpful to show the unique characteristics of actors effectively during the limited time. Also, coordinating with the lighting director allows the costume designer to make better costumes for the chorus and make the performance more dramatic. Finally, it was not necessary to wash the costumes of the chorus of the fusion musical Hyecho 2006 since it was performed only six times. However, when using dyed costumes for the long-term performance, it might cause problems such as bleaching that result from the washing of costumes and low durability that can result in the deformation of costumes. As performing arts are made in various forms and are diversified, it is needed for stage costumes to change accordingly through new attempts and various ways of expression.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4725-4732
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• 2012

This paper studies MR16 that can strengthen the strength and make up for the weakness of MR16 by replacing halogen light source using multifaceted Reflector(MR16) with LED light source. To achieve this, developed MR16 for LED applying optical system that four aspheric lens is one sheet. Optical system is designed by optics software and lighting performance of the designed data is predicted lighting simulation program. Also, heatsink's heat radiation analysis program to predict the thermal performance. Finally, optical prototype system based on simulation analysis data is manufactured and the results comparing performance of the developed system and the designed data are follows: Radiation angle was around $50^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}$ in results of simulation analysis and the test of the prototype system. Also, temperature measurement result indicates that the thermal equilibrium is realized after one minute and thirty seconds and heat is generated up $60^{\circ}C$ in all of simulation analysis and the test of the prototype system. Finally, simulation analysis result on light disturbance curve of MR16 is similar to that of performance of the prototype system.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2014

Dwelling connotes characteristics like social and cultural and technical climatic conditions, lifestyles and demands of regions, and especially, apartment, as one of dwelling types, shows various aspects of modern society. With the economic development centering on large cities, apartments have been established as universal housing forms in Seoul and Shanghai. The deepening of economic development in cities has increased small households consisting of one or two persons by affecting the population and household structure, and they've become information consumer groups. This has also influenced the size of apartment and increased the demand for small-sized housing. If the floor area is small, it is possible to use space widely according to the plan composition, so there is a need for floor planning to understand natural environment, physical environment and residents.This study compared and analyzed plan compositions of small-sized apartments which have been parceled out for the recent three years in Seoul and Shanghai. This study aims to understand housing cultures and users in the two countries depending on natural environments, living habits and spatial functions by analyzing common points and differences of public spaces like living room, dining room and kitchen, and private spaces like bedroom which have absolute effects on room arrangement and traffic line. The study results are as follows. From the perspective of natural environments, in Seoul, two-sided open cross-ventilation structure where is favorable to lighting and ventilation, occupied the biggest proportion of public space, while in Shanghai, most public spaces had lighting and ventilation structures through windows in each room. In Seoul, 3R type occupied the largest proportion of private space(87.7%), and privacy was maintained and space scale was adjusted using spaces with diverse functions such as bathroom in the couple bedroom, dress room and powder room and variable walls. But 2R type occupied the largest proportion of private space(60.2%) in Shanghai, and they emphasized private space and privacy of each room depending on major living habits. In conclusion, this study for comparing and analyzing common points and differences of small-sized apartment plan compositions in Seoul and Shanghai will provide proper guidelines for small-sized apartments to be built in Seoul and Shanghai in the future, if strong points and weak points of plan compositions in the two countries will be additionally analyzed and remedied.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.218-231
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• 2005

This paper reviews the engineering approach needed to support humans during their long-term missions in space. This approach includes closed plant production systems under microgravity or low pressure, mass recycling, air revitalization, water purification, waste management, elimination of trace contaminants, lighting, and nutrient delivery systems in controlled ecological life support system (CELSS). Requirements of crops f3r space use are high production, edibility, digestibility, many culinary uses, capability of automation, short stems, and high transpiration. Low pressure on Mars is considered to be a major obstacle for the design of greenhouses fer crop production. However interest in Mars inflatable greenhouse applicable to planetary surface has increased. Structure, internal pressure, material, method of lighting, and shielding are principal design parameters for the inflatable greenhouse. The inflatable greenhouse operating at low pressure can reduce the structural mass and atmosphere leakage rate. Plants growing at reduced pressure show an increasing transpiration rates and a high water loss. Vapor pressure increases as moisture is added to the air through transpiration or evaporation from leaks in the hydroponic system. Fluctuations in vapor pressure will significantly influence total pressure in a closed system. Thus hydroponic systems should be as tight as possible to reduce the quantity of water that evaporates from leaks. And the environmental control system to maintain high relative humidity at low pressure should be developed. The essence of technologies associated with CELSS can support human lift even at extremely harsh conditions such as in deserts, polar regions, and under the ocean on Earth as well as in space.