• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2011

This study is performed to investigate the effect of the artificial light for room lightening. To do that, the experiments were done using the black room with 1m3 and performed to show the effect of the length between the room and light source and light intensities as LUX. The LUX of 18 sites in the room was measured using LUX meter. The length between the room and the light source was chosen as 500mm, 1000mm, and 1500mm and the light intensities was 3 levels. The results were shown the distinct difference between the part directly projected through the light path and non-directly projected. So, the light delivery path have to be modified for next step research. The results were very sensitive for the part directly projected through the light path. This study showed the basic results for room lightening using light source to simulate the solar lightening and was worth in a strict sense as fundamental study.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2014

This study was carried out to develop eco-friendly wood street lamp (EFWSL) by using wood resources stacked in the forests after tree tending operations which were mostly abandoned, but economical as renewable wood resources for developing the wood coated street lamps with the effects of cost reduction and their attractive appearances. This study has led to the development of key compact structures of street-lighting wood poles (shaft) using laminated timber. The core technique in this study is related with producing the more stable wood poles (shaft) with the hole inside than wood poles exposed under the natural environment through applicable process to protect the wood from bursting and splitting. We also comprehensively developed the method to conserve the timber durability of wood shaft and connect the wood shaft with groove, race way to be located in the groove, locking ring, current stabilizer connected to the groove and luminaire support arm, base and hand-hole which was partly used in combination with steel materials and wood. Also we increased the utilization of abandoned and stacked woods after thinning in the forests such as Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis, and Pinus koraiensis plantations by maximizing the value of these natural wood resources as main materials of eco-friendly street lightings with the effects of cost reduction and attractive appearances and also the expectation of advertising effects of street lightings developed in this study.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been evolving to recognize and learn the languages, voice tones, and facial expressions of users so that they can respond to users' emotions in various contexts. Many AI-based services of particular importance in communications with users provide emotional interaction. However, research on nonverbal interaction as a means of expressing emotion in the AI system is still insufficient. We studied the effect of lighting on users' emotional interaction with an AI device, focusing on color and flickering motion. The AI device used in this study expresses emotions with six colors of light (red, yellow, green, blue, purple, and white) and with a three-level flickering effect (high, middle, and low velocity). We studied the responses of 50 men and women in their 20s and 30s to the emotions expressed by the light colors and flickering effects of the AI device. We found that each light color represented an emotion that was largely similar to the user's emotional image shown in a previous color-sensibility study. The rate of flickering of the lights produced changes in emotional arousal and balance. The change in arousal patterns produced similar intensities of all colors. On the other hand, changes in balance patterns were somewhat related to the emotional image in the previous color-sensibility study, but the colors were different. As AI systems and devices are becoming more diverse, our findings are expected to contribute to designing the users emotional with AI devices through lighting.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1998

Air current speeds were controlled of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 m.s$^{-1}$ to investigate the effects of air current speeds on the growth of eggplant plug seedlings (Solanum melongena L.) in a wind tunnel under artificial lighting. Growth of plug seedlings was influenced by the magnitude of air current speed and the traveling distance of regulated air flow. Stem length. ratio of length to diameter in stem, plant height .and number of leaves of plug seedlings decreased with the increasing air current speed and were significantly different at 5% level. Net photosynthetic rates of plug stand increased with the increasing air current speed and took a maximum value at the air current speed of 0.7~09 m.s$^{-1}$ . Stem diameter decreased and leaf area increased with the traveling distance of regulated air flow. Fresh weight and T/R ratio of dried weight were not influenced by the air current speed. Optimum control for microclimates inside the plug stand is needed to produce the uniform growth and high quality of plug seedlings in a semi-closed plant Production system under artificial lighting.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Many studies on artificial lighting have been recently performed to investigate its effect on agricultural products with good quality. This review was aimed at comparing the effects of artificial light on functional metabolites of the plants that were grown in greenhouses and growth chamber. METHODS AND RESULTS: It has been summarized that artificial lighting both in growth chambers and greenhouses caused different functional metabolites patterns depending on light quality. Even though the same light quality was applied, different patterns in metabolites were observed in different plant species. For the same species, supplementation of the same light quality in both growth chambers and greenhouses did cause different functional metabolites patterns. CONCLUSION: Artificial lighting caused different patterns in functional metabolites of plants grown in greenhouses and growth chambers, depending on the light quality and/or plant species. The manipulation of plant growth and functional metabolites would be possible by engineering the light qualities, but knowledge on proper lighting condition depending on plant species and growth places would be necessary.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.495-500
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• 2015

Currently the fish aquaculture industry of Korea is focused on the mass culture of flatfish (Paralichthys olivaceus) and and rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) with completely controlled culture techniques. Recently, there has been considerable interest in new species development, such as the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). The value of starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) as a raw fish increases with time because it is tasty, light, and bouncy. In this paper, the growth characteristics dependent on the LED wavelengths and the optimal growth conditions of the starry flounder were studied. In these experiments 4 different kinds of LED lighting, configurations were designed and prepared using red, green, blue and white, respectively. The fish aquaculture experiments were conducted over 10 weeks in four fish tanks, each installed with a different color of LED lighting. 10 starry flounders of 13 ~ 17g were placed into each tank. The effects of each color of light on the growth rate of the starry flounders were then examined. As a result, the starry flounders under the green LED lighting showed the highest growth rate, followed by the white, red, and blue LED lighting. Based on these results, a green light provides a suitable breeding environment for the starry flounder.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.500-513
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• 2023

The effects of prolonged photoperiod (additional night lighting) were investigated on the production of Ocimum basilicum (lemon basil) and fish/crayfish raised in a nutrient film technique aquaponic system. Hybrid lemon fin barb and red claw crayfish juveniles were co-cultured with O. basilicum and subjected to 12 h of ambient natural daylight and additional 0, 4, 8, and 12 h of night lighting for 14 weeks (two batches of 7 weeks each). The water quality parameters and the performance characteristics of the fish/crayfish/plant were evaluated, and the nutri- ent uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in the system by the three organisms was also measured. The fish growth performance showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in all the growth parameters measured across the treatments. The body proximate and nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium (NPK) composition of the fish and crayfish were not significantly (p > 0.05) different across the treatments. Similarly, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the NPK uptake by the fish and crayfish across the treatments. The plant growth performance showed that there were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the plant growth parameters measured, except for % plant height gained in the 12 h-light treatment (403.2 ± 26.0%) which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than other treatments and cycles. Hence, this study demonstrat- ed that varying supplementary night lighting has no significant effect on the growth performance of O. basilicum, hybrid lemon fin barb, and red claw crayfish. This study, therefore, suggests that supplementary night lighting should not be considered for O. basilicum production as it does not significantly improve the performance characteristics of the plant nor the fish co-cultured with it in a polyculture aquaponic system.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

The preferred illumination environment in accordance with the actions taken by the occupants of the rooms in residences differs significantly between different cultures and circumstances in and out of the country. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the visual performance of various illumination environments in residential spaces by allowing the participants of the experiments to select the kind of illumination environment they prefer as the occupants of the room. For this purpose, we prepared a mock-up residential space of $6.2m{\times}4.5m{\times}2.5m$, where the experiments for this study were conducted. Then, three illuminance settings (30lx, 100lx, and 150lx) and three color temperature settings (2700k, 4000k, and 6500k) were selected as the properties of the physical environment where the tests were to be conducted. The survey was conducted with 30 study subjects, with whom the level of visual comfort and the lighting adjustment evaluation by different activities were carried out. The level of visual comfort in lighting in a residential context turned to be more influenced by the color temperature and illuminance compared to other factors. Except for the test item, 'comfort,' all test items showed positive reactions when the illuminance was 150lx, which was rather light. In 'comfort,' the test subjects appeared to prefer warm color temperature of 2700k. As we allowed the occupants to adjust the lighting environment in accordance with the conditions of the subjects and the activities they performed, the subjects regarded 150lx - 4000k setting as comfortable, while they preferred 150lx-5400k configuration for working. In case of resting, the subject answered that the configuration of 30lx -2700k setting to be visually comfortable.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.305-310
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• 2001

The effect of low dose ${\gamma}$-radiation on the callus growth of Lithospermum erythrorhizon S. cultured on different medium and lighting condition was investigated. The 8 Gy irradiation stimulated callus growth on LS medium supplemented with BA 2 mg/L and NAA 2 mg/L, however, the growth of callus was more effective on LS medium supplemented with BA 1 mg/L and NAA 1 mg/L under 16 hrs day light. And on the LS medium containing IAA 0.2 mg/L, 16 Gy irradiation increased the callus growth by supplement with kinetin 2 mg/1 and the effect of kinetin was higher than BA at same concentration. The growth of callus was more vigorous on LS medium than MS medium in general. On M-9 medium, the growth of callus was poor regardless lighting conditions, however, by ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation of 16 Gy or 30 Gy, callus growth rates were increased by 30% or more than 30%, especially, under 16 hrs day light condition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.81-84
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• 2000

Effects of different photoperiod regimens on the cellular and humoral immunity in broiler chickens were studied(Exp 1). Total one hundred ninety two one-day-old commercial broiler chicks(Cobb$\times$Cobb) were raised between constant lighting(CL) and intermittent lighting (1h light: 3h darkness(IL; 1l; 3D) Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion were measured for seven week. Peripheral blood and splenic lymphocyte activities were tested at 3 and 5 wk of age by performing a mitogen cellproliferation assay with a polyclonal T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), and B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate the effect of photoperiod on the humoral immunity, chicks were immunized with sheep red blood cell(SRBC) and iinactivated Newcastle disease virus(NDV) vaccine. Total immunoglobulin G(IgG) concentration was also determined. Diurnal change of melatonin was tested in sera. In experiment 2, 0.1ml melatonin were subcutaneously injected from three to five weeks old if immunomodulation effect of lighting regimen was due to the melatonin or not. Injections of melatonin were made at 0700h and the dosage was 10ng (M2), 100ng(M3), 1$\mu\textrm{g}$(M4) per bird daily, respectively. control were quivalent injections of vehicle(M1). Lymphocyte activities were tested and humoral immunities were examined at 5 weeks of age. Blood melatonin concentration was determined at 0h, 1, h, 2h, and 3h posterior to injection at five weeks old. It was higher in CL chicks than IL chickens during the subsequent period of 3 to 5 wk of age. However, weight gain of chicks raised IL were significantly higher at 6 wk of age than CL(P<0.05). Antibody response to NDV was not affected by both photoperiod regimens and melatonin injection, whereas anti-SRMB titer and IgG concentration were enhanced. Lymphocyte activity of chickens raised under IL was sighificantly higher than those of chickens raised under CL. Melatonin injection also increased lymphocyte activity. When peripheral blood lymphocytes were used, proliferation response to LPS and Con A were significantly increased in M2 and respectively. The results of this experiments suggest that IL improved host immune response and melatonin have immunomodulatory roles.