• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.127-140
• /
• 2017

Metal nanoparticles have been intensively studied within the past decade. Nano-sized materials have been an important subject in basic and applied sciences. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have received considerable attention due to their unique antibacterial, antifungal, and UV filtering properties, high catalytic and photochemical activity. In this study, microbiological aspects of scale formation in PVC pipelines bacteria and fungi were isolated. In the emerging issue of increased multi-resistant properties in water borne pathogens, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle are being used increasingly as antimicrobial agents. Thus, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungal concentration of ZnO nanoparticles towards pathogens microbe were examined in this study. The results obtained suggested that ZnO nanoparticles exhibit a good anti fungal activity than bactericidal effect towards all pathogens tested in in-vitro disc diffusion method (170 ppm, 100 ppm and 30 ppm). ZnO nanoparticles can be a potential antimicrobial agent due to its low cost of production and high effectiveness in antimicrobial properties, which may find wide applications in various industries to address safety issues. Stable ZnO nanoparticles were prepared and their shape and size distribution characterized by Dynamic light scattering (35.7 nm) and transmission electron microscopic TEM study for morphology identification (20 nm), UV-visible spectroscopy (230 nm), X-ray diffraction (FWHM of more intense peak corresponding to 101 planes located at $36.33^{\circ}$ using Scherrer's formula), FT-IR (Amines, Alcohols, Carbonyl and Nitrate ions), Zeta potential (-28.8). The antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated against Bacteria and Fungi present in drinking water PVC pipelines biofilm. In these tests, Muller Hinton agar plates were used and ZnO nanoparticles of various concentrations were supplemented in solid medium.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.289-295
• /
• 2013

Although low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been a valuable therapeutic technology in the clinic, its efficacy may be reduced in deep tissue layers due to strong light scattering which limits the photon density. In order to enhance the photon density in deep tissue layers, this study developed an optical tissue clearing (OTC) laser probe (OTCLP) system which can utilize four different OTC methods: 1) tissue temperature control from 40 to $10^{\circ}C$; 2) laser pulse frequency from 5 to 30 Hz; 3) glycerol injection at a local region; and 4) a combination of the aforementioned three methods. The efficacy of the OTC methods was evaluated and compared by investigating laser beam profiles in ex-vivo porcine skin samples. Results demonstrated that total (peak) intensity at full width at half maximum of laser beam profile when compared to control data was increased: 1) 1.21(1.39)-fold at $10^{\circ}C$; 2) 1.22 (1.49)-fold at a laser pulse frequency of 5 Hz; 3) 1.64 (2.41)-fold with 95% glycerol injection; 4) 1.86 (3.4)-fold with the combination method. In conclusion, the OTCLP system successfully improved the laser photon density in deep tissue layers and may be utilized as a useful tool in LLLT by increasing laser photon density.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.163-167
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 타이로신이 풍부한 펩타이드, Tyr-Tyr-Leu-Tyr-Tyr (YYLYY)를 이용하여 금 나노입자를 담지한 균일한 금-펩타이드 계층적 초분자 구조체의 합성에 대해 연구하였다. 펩타이드의 광가교 반응을 통해 다이타이로신 결합으로 자기조립된 펩타이드 나노입자를 합성하였고, 타이로신의 생체 광물화 특성을 이용하여 금-펩타이드 하이브리드 나노입자를 친환경적 방법으로 합성하였다. 합성된 금-펩타이드 하이브리드 나노입자는 투과 전자 현미경(TEM), 주사투과 전자 현미경(SEM), 동적 광산란(DLS), 자외선-가시광선 분광광도계(UV-Vis spectroscopy), 에너지 분산 X선 분광법(STEM-EDS), X선 회절 분석법(XRD)을 통해 분석하였다. 또한 합성된 금-펩타이드 하이브리드 나노입자는 메틸렌블루의 환원 반응에서 13.4 × 10-3 s-1의 반응속도 상수를 가지는 촉매 특성을 확인하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.463-473
• /
• 2019

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has proved to be an effective tool in applied environmental nanotechnology, where the decreased particle diameter provides a drastic change in the properties and efficiency of nanomaterials used in water purification. However, the agglomeration and colloidal instability represent a problematic and a remarkable reduction in nZVI reactivity. In view of that, this study reports a simple and cost-effective new strategy for ultra-small (< 7.5%) distributed functionalized nZVI-EG (1-9 nm), with high colloidal stability and reduction capacity. These were obtained without inert conditions, using a simple, economical synthesis methodology employing two stabilization mechanisms based on the use of non-aqueous solvent (methanol) and ethylene glycol (EG) as a stabilizer. The information from UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggests iron ion coordination by interaction with methanol molecules. Subsequently, after nZVI formation, particle-surface modification occurs by the addition of the EG. Size distribution analysis shows an average diameter of 4.23 nm and the predominance (> 90%) of particles with sizes < 6.10 nm. Evaluation of the stability of functionalized nZVI by sedimentation test and a dynamic light-scattering technique, demonstrated very high colloidal stability. The ultra-small particles displayed a rapid and high nitrate removal capacity from water.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.116-120
• /
• 2019

We prepared $Y_3Al_5O_{12};Ce^{3+},Pr3^{+}$ transparent ceramic phosphor using a solid state reaction method. By XRD pattern analysis and SEM measurement, our phosphors reveal an Ia-3d(230) space group of cubic structure, and the transparent ceramic phosphor has a polycrystal state with some internal cracks and pores. In the Raman scattering measurement with an increasing temperature, lattice vibrations of the transparent ceramic phosphor decrease due to its more perfect crystal structure and symmetry. Thus, low phonon generation is possible at high temperature. Optical properties of the transparent ceramic phosphor have broader excitation spectra due to a large internal reflection. There is a wide emission band from the green to yellow region, and the red color emission between 610 nm and 640 nm is also observed. The red-yellow phosphor optical characteristics enable a high Color Rendering Index (CRI) in combination with blue emitting LED or LD. Due to its good thermal properties of low phonon generation at high temperature and a wide emission range for high CRI characteristics, the transparent ceramic phosphor is shown to be a good candidate for high power solid state white lighting.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.991-1000
• /
• 2021

비침습식 혈당 검출 기술 중 광학 기법은 생물학적 매체를 통과할 때 빛의 반사와 흡수 및 산란 특성을 이용하는 방법으로 통증이나 측정의 불편함을 감소시키고 감염 위험이 없어 혈당 검출 연구의 주요 흐름이 되고 있다. 이 중 근적외선 분광법은 혈당 분자와 유사한 흡수 기능을 공유하는 단백질과 산의 간섭들로 감지된 신호 분석 시 복잡성이 증가하는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 근적외선의 피부 흡수로 발생할 수 있는 혈당검출 기능저하를 완화시키기 위해 다중 근적외선 대역의 비침습식 센서시스템을 설계하고 제작하였다. 제작한 시스템의 검증을 위해 혈액 조사를 실시하였으며, 혈액 내의 혈당 반응 정도를 스펙트럼 데이터로 수집하고, 데이터와 혈당과의 상관관계 관점에서 정량적으로 본 연구의 성과를 검증하였다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• 제6권6호
• /
• pp.550-564
• /
• 2022

Optical microscopy is a useful tool for study in the biological sciences. With an optical microscope, we can observe the micro world of life such as tissues, cells, and proteins. A fluorescent dye or a fluorescent protein provides an opportunity to mark a specific target in the crowd of biological samples, so that an image of a specific target can be observed by an optical microscope. The optical microscope, however, is constrained in resolution due to diffraction limit. Super-resolution microscopy made a breakthrough with this diffraction limit. Using a super-resolution microscope, many biomolecules are observed beyond the diffraction limit in cells. In the case of volumetric imaging, the super-resolution techniques are only applied to a limited area due to long imaging time, multiple scattering of photons, and sample-induced aberration in deep tissue. In this article, we review recent advances in super-resolution microscopy for volumetric imaging. The super-resolution techniques have been integrated with various modalities, such as a line-scan confocal microscope, a spinning disk confocal microscope, a light sheet microscope, and point spread function engineering. Super-resolution microscopy combined with adaptive optics by compensating for wave distortions is a promising method for deep tissue imaging and biomedical applications.

• 생체재료학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.352-359
• /
• 2018

Background: Black phosphorus (BP) has emerged as a novel class of nanomaterials owing to its unique optical and electronic properties. BP, a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, is a structure where phosphorenes are stacked together in layers by van der Waals interactions. However, although BP nanodots have many advantages, their biosafety and biological effect have not yet been elucidated as compared to the other nanomaterials. Therefore, it is particularly important to assess the cytotoxicity of BP nanodots for exploring their potentials as novel biomaterials. Methods: BP nanodots were prepared by exfoliation with a modified ultrasonication-assisted solution method. The physicochemical properties of BP nanodots were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. In addition, the cytotoxicity of BP nanodots against C2C12 myoblasts was evaluated. Moreover, their cell imaging potential was investigated. Results: Herein, we concentrated on evaluating the cytotoxicity of BP nanodots and investigating their cell imaging potential. It was revealed that the BP nanodots were cytocompatible at a low concentration, although the cell viability was decreased with increasing BP nanodot concentration. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the cells took up the BP nanodots, and the BP nanodots exhibited green fluorescence. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings suggest that the BP nanodots have suitable biocompatibility, and are promising candidates as fluorescence probes for biomedical imaging applications.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to verify the suitability of an air quality regulating service for wetland ecosystem service evaluation by investigating the effect of reducing particulate matter (PM) on vegetation in wetlands. We installed tunnel-type experimental plots at Yonghwasil Pond in the National Institute of Ecology and set up the input and output of PM by applying the natural vegetation of the relevant wetlands. We took measurements by replicating four different conditions four times each. The air quality regulating service in each experimental plot was measured based on PM10 concentration; further, the difference between the input and the output concentration of PM passing through the Phragmites australis community tunnel was measured using a light scattering method. For the Phragmites australis community in the outdoor conditions and bare land, the PM concentration was measured with the same specifications as tunnel-type experimental plots without setting up the input and output. For the tunnel-type experimental plots, PM10 concentration was significantly lower in the output than in the input. Furthermore, in the outdoor conditions, a comparison between the Phragmites australis community and bare land showed that the concentration was relatively low in the former than in the latter. This confirmed the PM reducing effect due to the blockage and absorption of PM depending on the growth of Phragmites australis. Based on the results of this study, we assessed the air quality regulating service in wetlands as an evaluation indicator.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2022

As the COVID-19 pandemic situation worsens, the time spent indoors increases, and the exposure to indoor environmental pollution such as indoor air pollution and noise also increases, causing problems such as deterioration of human health, stress, and discord between neighbors. This paper designs and implements a system that measures and monitors indoor air quality and noise, which are representative evaluation criteria of the indoor environment. The system proposed in this paper consists of a particulate matter measurement subsystem that measures and corrects the concentration of particulate matters to monitor indoor air quality, and a noise measurement subsystem that detects changes in sound and converts it to a sound pressure level. The concentration of indoor particulate matters is measured using a laser-based light scattering method, and an error caused by temperature and humidity is compensated in this paper. For indoor noise measurement, the voltage measured through a microphone is basically measured, Fourier transform is performed to classify it by frequency, and then A-weighting is performed to correct loudness equality. Then, the RMS value is obtained, high-frequency noise is removed by performing time-weighting, and then SPL is obtained. Finally, the equivalent noise level for 1 minute and 5 minutes are calculated to show the indoor noise level. In order to classify noise into direct impact sound and air transmission noise, a piezo vibration sensors is mounted to determine the presence or absence of direct impact transmitted through the wall. For performance evaluation, the error of particulate matter measurement is analyzed through TSI's AM510 instrument. and compare the noise error with CEM's noise measurement system.