• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

Existing research for store has been localized in that of Seoul area, and research for the Japanese style store built under the rule of Japanese Imperialism has not been done properly owing to national sentiment. This research established Naju that inland pillage is available along Yeongsan River after opening of Mokpo harbor. I will compare modernization developmental process of building of Korean style store with that of Japanese Style store, so obviously try to make clear the activities of modernization by linking social and economical change with Joseon merchants' life. I will try to light up the position of korean style store in Naju area in history of architecture by analyzing two styles of stores into urban architectural element, putting process of change in order and translating it according to flow of age. The development process of Korean restaurant stores and that of Japanese counterparts are rather relative. Whereas Japanese accumulated wealth through oppression and exploitation of the people of Joseon the former dynasty of present day Korea, the people of Joseon could not but be oppressed and depressed. On the other hand, while the dynamic liberation movements of Joseon merchants managed to develop based on the vitality that was growing ever more, Japanese chose to back down to some degree by exercising appeasing policy. The efforts to take initiative by shattering off the submissive attitude can be found from the ability fostering movement, Gwangju students campaign and new construction or remodeling of hanok the traditional Korean house as commercial building in the 1920s. The changing phase of the people breaking away from subjugated relation to subjective attitude can be found in the commercial districts.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.503-508
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• 2012

최근에 들어서 이산화탄소가 지구온난화의 원인으로 알려져 있기 때문에 온실가스 문제는 이슈화 되어 왔다. 본 연구는 한국에서 운행 중인 차량에서 이산화탄소 배출가스 영향인자 특성을 파악하고자 했다. 가솔린 자동차 129대, 디젤자동차 100대, LPG 자동차 34대 차량을 차대 동력계에서 시험했다. 시험과정에서 이산화탄소, 일산화탄소 그리고 연료저감율을 측정했다. 실험모드는 현재 한국에서 경차의 배출가스를 규제하기 위해서 배출계수를 산정하기 위해 개발된 CVS-75 모드에서 이루어졌다. 실험 결과 배기량, 연료소비율, 연료 종류, 주행패턴, 마일수 그리고 이산화탄소 사이의 관련성이 조사되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1000-1013
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• 2012

This study analyzes public images, role types, and fashion images of Korean First Ladies in modern times to find a correlation of a standard through an analysis of literature reviews. The conclusion of the study is as follows. First, in terms of official functions in formal situations, First Ladies represent a type of customary presidential protocol and offer appealing neat images through a moderate style and simple mode. In other situations, such as non-formal times, they show duty-based roles in regards to the lady of the house as well as the companion of the president that are represent soft and comfortable images through a feminine style and graceful mode. Second, it reflects their tastes and images in the silhouette and colors of Western style clothing through the personal roles and activities of the First Lady. Third, the Korean First Ladies tend to prefer the feminine image of housewife-based assistant that shows that they prefer clothes with a regular repetition and stabilized pattern such as dots and checkered patterns. Fourth, as compared to a previous period, they create a style for bright images and dainty feelings that use a variety of colors and light fabrics that represent many aspects of political assistance with active support.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2016

This study analyzed characteristics of officers' watch-keeping during fishing operation at the fisheries training ship KAYA (GT: 1,737 tons, Pukyong National University). It observed fishing works of three officers in wheel house of KAYA. The observations were carried out at the fishing ground 45 miles away from east of Jeju from 7 to 8 January 2010. The works and movements of the officers were recorded with three common video cameras and a 4-channel MPEG-4 Triplex DVR. Recorded data of the working circulation was analyzed by using the post-processing method. As a result of the traffic lines, the average (${\pm}S.D$) of working hour (min) and moving frequency (times), distance (m) and speed (m/min) during setting the net was 11.8 (0.9), 43.7 (8.1), 133.9 (35.8) and 10.5 (0.6), respectively. During trawling the net, it was 100, 241 (39.8), 615.7 (194.6) and 5.2 (1.6), respectively. During hauling the net, it was 17.6 (1.4), 41.0 (7.2), 196.9 (37.6) and 10.7 (0.8), respectively. In addition, it has a different tendency of the instrument usage frequency by the fishing works. During setting, the usage priority was CCTV, ECDIS, RPM and pitch controller, net monitor, GPS plotter, chart room, X-band radar, fish finder and public addressor. During trawling, it was CCTV, ECDIS, fish finder, X-band radar, net monitor, chart room, GPS plotter, RPM and pitch controller, auto pilot and steering, interphone, wind speed and direction indicator, No.1. VHF, navigation light control panel and public addressor. During hauling, it was CCTV, RPM and pitch controller, GPS plotter, public addressor, chart room, net monitor, X-band radar, auto pilot and steering and fish finder.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to interpret Gaudi's philosophy of architecture through an analysis of the design characteristics in his remodeling of Casa Battlo. A review of the literature related to Casa Battlo as well as a field study in Barcelona to see the building were made for this study. The conclusions were as follows; Casa Battle is one of the best examples of Gaudi's attempts at creating a surreal atmosphere and should be evaluated in light of the following considerations: 1) Casa Battle as a remodeled house presented its own restrictions to Gaudi that he overcame by introducing characteristic design elements into the remodeling process; 2) the achievement, a perfect sculpture expressing continuity through a gorgeous colour scheme using different materials and design motifs with a dynamic spiral shape, originated from Gaudi's observations of nature and his experiences working in modeling studios; 3) a visualized embodiment of Gaudi's naturalism and functionalism through the impression of perpetual movement and continuity as formative symbols of genesis, life, death, and transmigration of the soul, originated from Gaudi's personal experiences of the early deaths of several close family members; 4) the design is meant to show the same processes of creation used by nature rather than a mere imitation of nature. Gaudi was not only a person dedicated obsessively to his profession as an architect, but also a rationalist fundamentally in the way he operated. It was expected that this study could be employed as a small stimulus to challenge the paradigm of housing remodeling projects -a hot issue in today's Korea- especially in their philosophical aspect.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

This study is an attempt to quantify rainwater utilization and miscellaneous water demand in Tokyo's 23 special wards, the core of the urban area in Tokyo, Japan, in order to elucidate the potential of further rainwater utilization. The rainwater utilization for miscellaneous appropriate water demands, including toilet flushing, air conditioning, and garden irrigation, were calculated for six different types of building: residential house, office, department store, supermarket, restaurant, and accommodation. Miscellaneous water demands in these different types of building were expressed in terms of equivalent rainfall of 767, 1,133, 3,318, 1,887, 16,574, and 2,227 (mm/yr), respectively, compared with 1,528 mm of Tokyo's average annual precipitation. Building types, numbers and its height were considered in this study area using geographic information system data to quantify miscellaneous water demands and the amount of rainwater utilization in each ward. Area precipitation-demand ratio was used to measure rainwater utilization potential for miscellaneous water demands. Office and commercial areas, such as Chiyoda ward, showed rainwater utilization potentials of <0.3, which was relatively low compared to those wards where many residential houses are located. This is attributed to the relatively high miscellaneous water demand. In light of rainwater utilization based on building level, the introduction of rainwater storage mechanisms with a storage depth of 50 mm for six different types of buildings was considered, and calculated as rainfall of 573, 679, 819, 766, 930, and 787 (mm), respectively. Total rainwater utilization using such storage facilities in each building from 23 wards resulted in the retention of 102,760,000 $m^3$ of water for use in miscellaneous applications annually, and this volume corresponded to 26.3% of annual miscellaneous water demand.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2005년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.81-104
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• 2005

가상공간 시현이나 GIS 및 이동통신과 같은 다양한 응용분야에 정확한 3차원 도시모델은 기본적인 자료가 되고 있다. LiDAR 시스템은 대상물의 3차원 정보를 직접적으로 획득할 수 있는 새로운 시스템이다. LiDAR 자료로부터 수동적으로 3차원 정보를 구축하는 것은 많은 시간과 비용을 필요로 한다. 이와 같은 이유로 많은 연구가 자동화에 그 초점을 맞추고 있다. 본 연구에서는 필터링기법을 이용해서 LiDAR 자료로부터 지면과 비지면을 분류하고, 지면점을 이용하여 DTM을 생성하고, 비지면점을 이용해서 건물을 구축하였다. 정확도의 평가결과 DTM은 고층아파트지역에서 약 0.16m, 저층주거지역에서 0.59m의 오류가 나타났으며, 건물의 경우 1/5,000 수치지형도의 정밀도와 부합하는 결과를 나타냈다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.321-324
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• 2000

season of 2000. The disease infection usually started from flower, peduncle and young fruits, then moved to flower stalk, stem and leaves. At first, the lesions started with water-soaked, rapidly softened, and then the area gradually expanded. In severely affected film house, the rate of infected fruits reached to 28.6%. Numerous sporangiospores were formed on the diseased fruits, flower stalk, stem and leaves. Most of the sporangiospores were appeare to be rapidly dispersed in the air. The mycelia grew on the surface of host and formed stolons. Colonies on potato dextrose agar were cottony at first brownish black at maturity. Sporangia were 125.3${\times}$294.2 ${\mu}$m. globose or sub-globose with somewhat flattened base. White at first the black, many spored, and are never overhanging. Sporangiophores were 2.7-6.8${\times}$12.9-33.9 ${\mu}$m, smooth-walled, non-septate, light brown, simple, long, arising in groups of 3-5 from stolons opposite rhizoids. Sporangiophores were 8.6-21.1${\times}$6.41-1.7 ${\mu}$m, irregular, round, oval, elongate, angular and brownish-black streaked. Columella were 63.8${\times}$140.4 ${\mu}$m. brownish gray, umberella-shaped when dehisced. The causal organism was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer Lind on the basis of the morphological characteristics of the fungus. Rhizopus soft rot on squash (Cucurbita moschata) caused by the fungi has not been previously reported in Korea.

• 동굴
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• 제76호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2006

The Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) is a nonequilibrium gas discharge that is generated in the space between two electrodes, which are separated by an insulating dielectric layer. The dielectric layer can be put on either of the two electrodes or be inserted in the space between two electrodes. If an AC or pulse high voltage is applied to the electrodes that is operated at applied frequency from 50Hz to several MHz and applied voltages from a few to a few tens of kilovolts rms, the breakdown can occur in working gas, resulting in large numbers of micro-discharges across the gap, the gas discharge is the so called DBD. Compared with most other means for nonequilibrium discharges, the main advantage of the DBD is that active species for chemical reaction can be produced at low temperature and atmospheric pressure without the vacuum set up, it also presents many unique physical and chemical process including light, heat, sound and electricity. This has led to a number of important applications such as ozone synthesizing, UV lamp house, CO2 lasers, et al. In recent years, due to its potential applications in plasma chemistry, semiconductor etching, pollution control, nanometer material and large area flat plasma display panels, DBD has received intensive attention from many researchers and is becoming a hot topic in the field of non-thermal plasma.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.54-67
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• 2018

There have been recent efforts to establish methods for high-fidelity and multi-physics simulation with coupled thermal-hydraulic (T/H) and neutronics codes for the entire core of a light water reactor under accident conditions. Considering the computing power necessary for a pin-by-pin analysis of the entire core, subchannel-scale T/H analysis is considered appropriate to achieve acceptable accuracy in an optimal computational time. In the present study, the applicability of in-house code CUPID of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute was extended to the subchannel-scale T/H analysis. CUPID is a component-scale T/H analysis code, which uses three-dimensional two-fluid models with various closure models and incorporates a highly parallelized numerical solver. In this study, key models required for a subchannel-scale T/H analysis were implemented in CUPID. Afterward, the code was validated against four subchannel experiments under unheated and heated single-phase incompressible flow conditions. Thereafter, a subchannel-scale T/H analysis of the entire core for an Advanced Power Reactor 1400 reactor core was carried out. For the high-fidelity simulation, detailed geometrical features and individual rod power distributions were considered in this demonstration. In this study, CUPID shows its capability of reproducing key phenomena in a subchannel and dealing with the subchannel-scale whole core T/H analysis.