• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose an Android-based smart LED push notification system. The main feature and contribution of the proposed system are as follows. First, because it notifies messages using LED lights, it is possible to check anywhere in the house without carrying the smartphone. Second, the external control using Web2py can not only manages simple LED control but one can also add notification system indicating various conditions inside the house such as motion recognition sensor, temperature sensor. Performance evaluation of the proposed system is executed by two kinds of view point as: First, how to response instantly according to the incoming signal of LED control and notification in the given networks. Second, how to recognize the change of LED light. The results of experiment show that the efficiency and convenience of the proposed system is verified from the user's point of view.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2009

Characteristics analysis and species identification of post were carried out in four old traditional wooden frame houses in Cheongdo-gun. The diameter and height of post, and distance between posts are related with each other. It was considered that the traditional wooden frame houses were constructed according to the diameter and height of post as a basic dimension in distance between posts. Of the wood member samples obtained in the site, softwoods in three old houses and hardwoods in one old house were separated through light microscopy. The hardwoods were found to be Castanea crenata. and softwoods were all identified as Pinus densiflora.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.66
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• pp.317-355
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• 2020

Moon Ik-hwan's prison letters are valuable historical materials managed by the Moon Ik-hwan House of Unification, reflecting an aspect of modern and contemporary South Korea. He wrote these prison letters during a period of approximately 11 years and three months. Today about 800 of them remain and are in an urgent need for measures to ensure their long-term preservation and Use. This study set out to introduce their current state that had been made to the public only in fragments, analyze their characteristics as objects of records management, and propose directions and strategies to provide them as part of online service. For these purposes, the investigator analyzed Moon's personal life and life in prison as the backgrounds of their creation and examined their unique characteristics as prison letters according to the scope and size, recipients, reproduction and circulation process, and the medium of lettercards. Based on these efforts, the study shed new light on the significance of use in private archives and provided a case of online utilization tasks and strategies based on the characteristics of letters as one of the representative types of personal records.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.4 s.71
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• pp.397-406
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• 2004

This paper presents the test and evaluation results on the shear strength and stiffness of a light steel stud wall from a lightweight foamed mortar (lightweight hybrid wall). The use of a lightweight foamed mortar was aimed at improving structural performance, thermal performance, and finish. Studiesshowed that it did not affect thermal performance, but it contributed to structural performance and finish when the unit weight was more than 0.8 (Editor's note: Please indicate the unit of measurement.). In this study, 14 specimens-whose parameters included the specific gravity of the lightweight foamed mortar (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2), the spacing of the stud (450 mm, 600 mm, or 900 mm), finishing materials (such as lightweight foamed mortar, OSB, and gypsum board), and bracing-were manufactured. Three typical, steel house-framing specimens were added to compare the test results with the 14 specimens. The results of in-plane shear tests show that the use of lightweight foamed mortar (1.15~5.38 times stronger, 1.45~13.7 times stiffer) results in ultimate strength and initial stiffness. In addition, it was possible to widen the stud spacing to up to 900 mm without decreasing shear strength. It was very important to prevent the lightweight foamed mortar from shrinking and to secure the adhesion between the steel stud and the lightweight foamed mortar to improve structural performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.91-115
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• 1996

In the recent years, protected horticultural facilities have been modernized and glasshouses are also propagating in Korea, even most vegetables production are conducted in the traditional plastic houses covered with, for example, PVC film for just temperature keeping. It would limit the productivity and competitivity of the vegetable production industry without automatization and high quality year round production. A plant factory, aimed to produce vegetables in the limited areas, was initiated in Christensen farm, Denmark in 1957, and widely propagated in some developed countries. As it has the automatized system which enables to keep optimized environment conditions, it will be the best facility for high quality products as well as year round planned production. However, we have not even started the plant factory production. Since the plant factory is requiring lots of resources, besides plant cultivation technologies, such as environment control, automatic engineering and robotics, our approach to the development of plant factories should be minded on Practical Plant Factories considering our current farming practices and least capital needs rather than blindly employing the advanced technologies from developed countries. Thus, Korean plant factory development can be initiated with year round leaf vegetables production in NFT or DFT cultivation system instead of the moval bed system, in which aerial environment factors such as light, temperature, humidity and CO$_2$ concentration and root environment ones such as solution concentration, temperature, pH and water soluble oxygen shall be automatically controlled. And the seeding, seedling and transplanting operations shall be accomplished in the house entrance, and the harvesting and grading opreations shall be conducted in the house exit. For practical plant factories, environment control technologies including artificial light source, illumination and air conditioning, automatic management for nutrient solution and automatic production line of moval bed system, transplanting and harvest should be developed along with researches on the cost reduction of factory building construction.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 1986

The blue-light effect on the grown as well as on the physiological activity of some major horticultural plants in Korea has been investigated. The light quality used for the work was obtained from sunlight filtered by an orangecolored polyethylene film which removed about 70% of visible light in the spectral region of $350㎚{\sim}500㎚$. The film was developed in this laboratory especially for the work and named BCR film meaning blue color-removing film. The light environment in the plastic house which was built with BCR film provided plants with the blue color-deficient sunlight. Thus, the photobiological effect of blue light could be examined conversely by comparing with the effect of white sunlight in a conventional plastic house built with colorless polyethylene film. In a sense of applicability to horticulture, two remarkable effects of the blue color-deficient sunlight on plant physiology were observed: First, it enhanced to a great extent the growth activity of plants-pepper, cucumber, zucchini, tomato, and leaf lettuce at the vegetative stage as well as at the reproductive stage, as demonstrated by their yield which were in average $40{\sim}50%$ increased compared with the control (under white sunlight). Second, it improved significantly the cold tolerance of plants, as exhibited with their resistance to chilling during treatment in a cold chamber maintained at a temperature which caused chilling injury to the plants of control. The visualized effects were reflected on the physiological activity of cells on organelle level. Chloroplast isolated from the plant leaves grown under BCR film showed considerably stronger photosynthetic activity, as judged by the increased electron transport rate of illuminated chloroplast, than that from leaves grown under white PE film. Mitochondria from leaves grown under BCR film maintained normal respiration activity until temperature decreased to a few degree($^{\circ}C$) lower than the temperature which caused respiratory inhibition to mitochondria obtained from leaves of the control.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.306-315
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• 2021

This study analyzed the effects of light-shielding curtains and halogens on spectrum when acquiring hyperspectral images in a greenhouse. The image data of tarp (1.4*1.4 m, 12%) with 30 degrees of angles was achieved three times with four conditions depending on 14 heights using the automatic image acquisition system installed in the greenhouse at the department of Southern Area of National Institute of Crop Science. When the image was acquired without both a light-shielding curtain and halogen lamp, there was a difference in spectral tendencies between direct light and shadow parts on the base of 550 nm. The average coefficient of variation (CV) for direct light and shadow parts was 1.8% and 4.2%, respective. The average CV value was increased to 12.5% regardless of shadows. When the image was acquired only used a halogen lamp, the average CV of the direct light and shadow parts were 2 .6% and 10.6%, and the width of change on the spectrum was increased because the amount of halogen light was changed depending on the height. In the case of shading curtains only used, the average CV was 1.6%, and the distinction between direct light and shadows disappeared. When the image was acquired using a shading curtain and halogen lamp, the average CV was increased to 10.2% because the amount of halogen light differed depending on the height. When the average CV depending on the height was calculated using halogen and light-shielding curtains, it was 1.4% at 0.1m and 1.9% at 0.2 m, 2 .6% at 0.3m, and 3.3% at 0.4m of height, respectively. When hyperspectral imagery is acquired, it is necessary to use a shading curtain to minimize the effect of shadows. Moreover, in case of supplementary lighting by using a halogen lamp, it is judged to be effective when the size of the object is less than 0.2 m and the distance between the object and the housing is kept constant.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.1 s.79
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• pp.159-179
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• 2006

Each ethnic group has different cultural backgrounds and each culture has developed with its own traditions. The interaction between different cultures is getting more active through acculturation and cultural contacts. The purpose of this study was to compare domestic living of Korean immigrants with Australians in the form of a Cross-Cultural study. For this, usage of domestic space and seating style of 52 Korean households and 53 Australian households in Melbourne were analyzed. Ethnographic research with questionnaire was used. The results of the research were as follows. 1. The most popular type of Living-Dining-Kitchen arrangement was L+ K. D for Koreans and L. D . K for Australians. 2. A laundry room was indispensable for both and they all wanted to do ironing in there as well as dry. Both were satisfied with the type which toilet was separated from the bathroom Drain hole on the floor of the bathroom was not indispensable for most Koreans and Australians. 3. Koreans and Australians were doing various activities in living area and both were getting together around kitchen(dining) area. The particular thing of Koreans was that they were using the main bedroom with multiple purpose. 4. The seating style of Koreans and Australians belong to chair-seating style generally. But Koreans were using floor seating style in making bed for the guest and making Kimchi. Koreans and Australians were using mixed style of floor seating and chair-seating in relaxing time with watching TV, treating guest or so. 5. Koreans were not satisfied with using carpet cause of dust but Australians were satisfied with the carpet cause of warmness. 6. Most Koreans and Australians were take off shoes inside of the house. Koreans were organize shoes around the front door of the house usually and Australians were organize shoes in bedroom usually. 7. The most popular heating system was ducted heating for both. The level of satisfaction about ducted heating was low for Koreans because they though that it could contaminate air. Australians were satisfied with ducted heating because they though that this one was fit on the weather of this area. 8. Living room was the most important one for Koreans and Australians and they also thought it should be decorated well for entertaining guests. Most Koreans were estimate that the brightness of the light of the house was not enough but it was estimated to moderate for Australians on the contrary.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.790-798
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• 2021

The objective of this study was evaluation of pig behavior changes related to temperature, relative humidity, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and illuminance. A total of 24 growing pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were used in the experiment. A sensor was installed at a height of 0.5 m in the center of the pig house. In experiment 1, temperature was changed every four days to 18℃ (T1), 22℃ (T2), 26℃ (T3), and then 30℃ (T4). In experiment 2, relative humidity was adjusted to 45% (low humidity [LH]), 60% (middle humidity [MH]), and then 75% (high humidity [HH]) for four days. In experiment 3, after cleaning the pig house just before experiment, only minimal ventilation was provided. VOCs and pig behaviors were observed for 7 days without cleaning the pig house. In experiment 4, three light bulbs of 40 W (470 lumens / 45 lx; low illuminance [LI]), 75 W (1,055 lumens / 103 lx; middle illuminance [MI]), and 100 W (1,521 lumens / 146 lx; high illuminance [HI]) were used for four days each. Pig behavior analysis was performed for following criteria : Feed intake, Standing, Lying, Sitting, Drink water, Rooting, Posture transition (lying-standing), Posture transition (standing-lying), Wallowing, and Biting. In experiment 1, feed intake time was lower (p < 0.05) for the T3 than other treatment groups. Standing time was highest (p < 0.05) for the T1 and lowest (p < 0.05) for the T3. Lying time was shorter (p < 0.05) in T1 and T2 compared to T3 and T4. Drinking frequency was higher (p < 0.05) for the T4 than other treatment groups. In experiment 2, the frequency of rooting and wallowing increased (p < 0.05) with increasing humidity. LH showed the lowest (p < 0.05) rooting frequency and HH showed the highest (p < 0.05) rooting frequency. In experiment 3, VOCs concentration did not (p > 0.05) change pig behavior. In experiment 4, lying time was the longest (p < 0.05) at LI and shortest (p < 0.05) at HI. Therefore, pig behavior is heavily influenced by the environment, especially temperature and humidity. However, correlation between pig behavior to VOCs and illuminance seems to be needed more research.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was finding out proper wall assembly to reduce moisture accumulation in light frame wall under outdoor air conditions. For the purpose, moisture transfer and accumulation in a wall were evaluated for five types of wall assembly; typical wall (T), addition of a vapor retarder (P1), addition of two vapor retarders (P2), addition of an open air gap for ventilation behind the siding (P3), and shift of vapor retarder with proposed wall 'P3' (P4). The moisture transfer and accumulation in the all walls were evaluated after applying the typical and proposed walls to the field test house. Performances of the typical and proposed walls were compared according to the season. Rank for effective wall on reducing moisture accumulation in wall was 1) shift of vapor ratarder and addition of open air gap (P4), 2) addition of vapor retarder (P1), 3) typical wall (T), 4) addition of open air gap (P3), and 5) the other (P2).