• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 2022

The performance of vision-based intelligent systems, such as self-driving cars and unmanned aerial vehicles, is subject to weather conditions, notably the frequently encountered haze or fog. As a result, studies on haze removal have garnered increasing interest from academia and industry. This paper hereby presents a 4K-capable hardware implementation of an efficient haze removal algorithm with the following two improvements. First, the depth-dependent haze distribution is predicted using a linear model of four haze-relevant features, where the model parameters are obtained through maximum likelihood estimates. Second, the approximated quad-decomposition method is adopted to estimate the atmospheric light. Extensive experimental results then follow to verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithm against well-known benchmark methods. For real-time processing, this paper also presents a pipelined architecture comprised of customized macros, such as split multipliers, parallel dividers, and serial dividers. The implementation results demonstrated that the proposed hardware design can handle DCI 4K videos at 30.8 frames per second.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2022

An oxyfluoride glass ceramic containing Eu²⁺-doped nepheline and LaF₃ crystals was modified, with BaF₂ replacing LaF₃ up to 20 mole percent, and its luminescence change was monitored. With increasing BaF₂ content, the greenish yellow emission centered at 540 nm under 400-nm excitation decreased, and a new afterglow emission from the modified ceramic was observed after removal of the excitation light source. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) were used to investigate the changes in the crystalline phases within the glass matrix. Time dependent emission intensity was monitored to observe the afterglow, and the possible mechanism for the afterglow due to BaF₂ addition was considered.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.159-168
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• 2022

No one denies the importance of online courses, which provide a very important alternative, especially for students who have jobs that prevent them from attending face-to-face in traditional classes; Engagement is one of the most important fundamental variables that indicate the course's success in achieving its objectives. Therefore, the current study aims to build a model using machine learning to predict student engagement in online courses. An online questionnaire was prepared and applied to the students of Jouf University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and data was obtained from the input variables in the questionnaire, which are: specialization, gender, academic year, skills, emotional aspects, participation, performance, and engagement in the online course as a dependent variable. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data using SPSS. Kegel was used to build the model as a machine learning technique. The results indicated that there is a positive correlation between the four variables (skills, emotional aspects, participation, and performance) and engagement in online courses. The model accuracy was very high 99.99%, This shows the model's ability to predict engagement in the light of the input variables.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• fall
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• pp.154-156
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• 2021

Depth-wise separable convolution 은 컴퓨터 자원이 제한된 환경에서 기존의 standard convolution을 대체하는데 강력하고, 효과적인 대안으로 잘 알려져 있다.[1] MobileNetV2 에서는 Inverted residual block을 소개한다. 이는 depth-wise separable convolution으로 인해 생기는 손실, 즉 channel 간의 데이터를 조합해 새로운 feature를 만들어낼 기회를 잃어버릴 때, 이를 depth-wise separable convolution 양단에 point-wise convolution(1×1 convolution)을 사용함으로써 극복해낸 block이다.[1] 하지만 1×1 convolution은 채널 수에 의존적(dependent)인 특징을 갖고 있고, 따라서 결국 네트워크가 깊어지면 깊어질수록 효율적이고(efficient) 가벼운(light weight) 네트워크를 만드는데 병목 현상(bottleneck)을 일으키고 만다. 이 논문에서는 channel-wise squeeze and excitation block(CSE)을 통해 1×1 convolution을 부분적으로 대체하는 방법을 통해 이 병목 현상을 해결한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.423-436
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• 2023

The objectives of this review were to synthesize the community structure of phytoplankton and the role of atelomix in the phytoplankton dynamics in Ethiopian highland lakes. Changes in a lake's physical structure, light dynamics, and availability of nutrients are closely associated with phytoplankton ecology, and phytoplankton assemblages provide insight into phytoplank- ton responses to these environmental changes. Based on the available information, a total of 173 species of phytoplankton are grouped under seven classes, Chlorophyceae (80 taxa), Bacillariophyceae (55 taxa), Cyanophyceae (24 taxa), Dinophyceae (6 taxa), Eugleonophyceae (6 taxa), Xanthophyceae (1 taxon), and Cryptophyceae (1 taxon) were recorded in five different tropical Ethiopian highland lakes. Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae dominated in terms of species composition. Partial atelomixis, seasonality, and low nutrient concentrations seem to be the main drivers in structuring phytoplankton composition and abun-dances in Ethiopian highland lakes, characterized by a high diversity of atelomix-dependent benthic diatoms and desmids. Thus, this review will help understand the role of atelomix and nutrient availability in the phytoplankton composition and biomass of tropical highland lakes of Ethiopia.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro efficacy of PDT using red light emitting diode (LED) with Radachlorin for biofilm inhibition of clinical Candida albicans isolates. The suspensions containing C. albicans at $9{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ were prepared on yeast nitrogen base containing 5% glucose. The biofilm formation was grown for 3 h after seeding suspensions each 100 ul on a 96-well plate and then supernatant was discarded. Each well was treated with $0.39{\mu}g/mL$ from $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentrations of Radachlorin on adherent biofilm. After a 30-minute incubation, light was irradiated for 30, 60, or 90 minutes using the following light source of wavelength 630 nm LED, at energy densities of 14, 29, and $43J/cm^2$. Afterwards, all supernatant was removed and dried. Adherent cells were stained with safranin O and dried. The cell viability was measured using a microplate reader at 490 nm. Also, a fluorescent signal on C. albicans was observed by saturation of a photosensitizer. In conclusion, a significant inhibition of 72.5% was observed to C. albicans on biofilm at the Radachlorin dose of $50{\mu}g/mL$ with 630 nm LED. The Photosensitizer (Radachlorin) was adequate at 30 minuttes for C. albicans. Overall, the results showed that inhibition of biofilm formation was Radachlorine dose-dependent. The results suggest that PDT, using Radachlorin with 630 nm LED, is able to decrease biofilm formation of C. albicans.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay is commonly used for analyzing the cell viability. In this study, effects of various solvents, different lights, and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) on the chemical behavior of MTT formazan were investigated. The color response of MTT formazan in NaOH was highly pronounced; the absorbance of MTT formazan in 0.1 N NaOH at 550 nm was >2-fold higher than that in water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, and ethanol. MTT formazan in DMSO and NaOH (>0.1 N) was relatively stable under fluorescent and UV light at 365 nm; its rapid degradation was induced under UV light at 254 nm in all solvents. ZnPP degraded MTT formazan under light in a time- and concentration-dependent manner; MTT formazan in 0.1 N NaOH was the most sensitive to ZnPP, followed by DMSO. These results suggest that NaOH and DMSO might be suitable media for MTT formazan for monitoring photosensitizing properties.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2012

Background: Therapeutic approaches using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against complement regulatory proteins (CRPs:i.e.,CD46,CD55 and CD59) have been reported for adjuvant cancer therapy. In this study, we generated a recombinant 1E8 single-chain anti-CD59 antibody (scFv-Fc) and tested anti-cancer effect.by using complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Methods: We isolated mRNA from 1E8 hybridoma cells and amplified the variable regions of the heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) genes using reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using a linker, the amplified sequences for the heavy and light chains were each connected to the sequence for a single polypeptide chain that was designed to be expressed. The VL and VH fragments were cloned into the pOptiVEC-TOPO vector that contained the human CH2-CH3 fragment. Then, 293T cells were transfected with the 1E8 single-chain Fv-Fc (scFv-Fc) constructs. CD59 expression was evaluated in the prostate cancer cell lines using flow cytometry. The enhancement of CDC effect by mouse 1E8 and 1E8 scFv-Fc were evaluated using a cytotoxicity assay. Results: The scFv-Fc constructs were expressed by the transfected 293T cells and secreted into the culture medium. The immunoreactivity of the secreted scFv-Fc construct was similar to that of the mouse 1E8 for CCRF-CEM cells. The molecular masses of 1E8 scFv-Fc were about 120 kDa and 55 kDa under reducing and non-reducing conditions, respectively. The DNA sequence of 1E8 scFv-Fc was obtained and presented. CD59 was highly expressed by the prostate cancer cell line. The recombinant 1E8 scFv-Fc mAb revealed significantly enhanced CDC effect similar with mouse 1E8 for prostate cancer cells. Conclusion: A 1E8 scFv-Fc construct for adjuvant cancer therapy was developed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to shed further light on the effect of modifiable health behavior risk factors on dependence in activities of daily living, defined in a multidimensional fashion. Methods: The study participants were 10,278 middle aged Americans in a longitudinal health study, the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS). A multi-stage probability sampling design incorporating the effect of population sizes (Metropolitan and non-metropolitan), ethnicity (the non- Hispanic White, the Hispanic, and the Black), and age (age 51-61) was utilized. Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were measured using five activities necessary for survival (impairment in dressing, eating, bathing, sleeping, and moving across indoor spaces). Explanatory variables were four health behavior risk factors included smoking, exercise, Body Mass Index (BMI), and alcohol consumption. Results: Most participants at baseline were ADL independent (1992). 97.8% of participants were independent in all ADL's at baseline and 78.2% were married. Approximately 27.5% were current smokers at baseline, and the subjects reported moderate or heavy exercise were 74.8%. All demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors were significantly associated with the ADL status at Wave 4 except alcohol consumption. Risk behaviors such as current smoking, sedentary life style and high BMI at Wave 1 were associated with ADL status deterioration; however, moderate alcohol consumption tended to be more related to better ADL status than abstaining at Wave 4. ADL status at Wave 1 was the strongest factor and the next was exercise and smoking affecting ADL status at Wave 4. People who were in ADL dependent at Wave 1 were 15.17 times more likely to be ADL dependent at Wave 4 than people who were in ADL independent at Wave 1. Concerning smoking cigarettes, people who kept only light exercise or sedentary life style at Wave 1 were 1.70 times more likely to be died at Wave 4 than the people who did not smoke at Wave 1. Conclusions: All demographics and health behaviors at wave 1 had consistently similar OR trends for ADL status to each other except alcohol consumption. Smoking and exercise in health behaviors, and age and gender in demographics at Wave 1 were significant factors associated with ADL group separation at Wave 4.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 1998

Responses of tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) leaves of different age to diphenyl ether herbicide oxyfluorfen were evaluated with respect to cellular leakage, chlorophyll loss, and membrane lipid peroxidation. When tobacco leaves of different age were incubated under light condition at $25^{\circ}C$ following 12hr dark incubation. Significant electrolyte leakage from the treated tissues into the bathing medium occurred. The change of electrolyte leakage was proportional to the oxytluorfen concentration and the duration of light exposure to the tissues. Electrolyte leakage from the tissues treated with oxyfluorfen was highly dependent on the leaf age. From the tissues of younger age, more electrolyte leakage occurred and lag period was greatly reduced. Chlorophyll loss and membrane lipid peroxidation, as measured by malondialdehyde production, caused by oxyfluorfen treatment were also dependent an the age of treated leaf tissues. In conclusion, physiological responses of tobacco leaves to oxyfluorfen greatly varied with the age of treated tissues, and thus tobacco plants could be used as appropriate materials for studying the mechanisms of tolerance to diphenyl ether herbicides.