• 제목/요약/키워드: Light and frequent

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딥러닝 알고리즘과 2D Lidar 센서를 이용한 이미지 분류 (Image Classification using Deep Learning Algorithm and 2D Lidar Sensor)

  • 이준호;장혁준
    • 전기전자학회논문지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.1302-1308
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    • 2019
  • 본 논문은 CNN (Convolutional Neural Network)와 2D Lidar 센서에서 획득한 위치 데이터를 이용하여 이미지를 분류하는 방법을 제시한다. Lidar 센서는 데이터 정확도, 형상 왜곡 및 광 변화에 대한 강인성 측면에서의 이점으로 인해 무인 장치에 널리 사용되어 왔다. CNN 알고리즘은 하나 이상의 컨볼루션 및 풀링 레이어로 구성되며 이미지 분류에 만족스러운 성능을 보여 왔다. 본 논문에서는 학습 방법에 따라 다른 유형의 CNN 아키텍처들인 Gradient Descent (GD) 및 Levenberg-arquardt (LM)를 구현하였다. LM 방법에는 학습 파라메터를 업데이트하는 요소 중 하나인 Hessian 행렬 근사 빈도에 따라 두 가지 유형이 있다. LM 알고리즘의 시뮬레이션 결과는 GD 알고리즘보다 이미지 데이터의 분류 성능이 우수하였다. 또한 Hessian 행렬 근사가 더 빈번한 LM 알고리즘은 다른 유형의 LM 알고리즘보다 작은 오류를 보여주었다.

한국산 세포성 점균의 1신종 Dictyostelium floridum sp. nov. (A New Species of Cellular Slime Molds from Korea, Dictyostelium floridum sp. nov.)

  • 홍정수
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.393-401
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    • 1992
  • 한라산의 삼림 토양에서 앞서 보고된 신종 Dictyostelium flavidum Hong et Chang(노랑장대팡이)에 이어서 또하나의 신종이 기록되었다. 이것은 특징적인 넓은 꽃잎 모양의 집합체와 기부부근에 집중적인 긴 가지를 갖는 꽃모양의 군체를 나타내어 Dictyostelium floridum sp. nov. Hong et Chang(한국명 신칭 : 꽃구슬팡이)으로 명명되었다. D. floridum sp. nov.는 위의 특징 외에도, 1) 극낭이 뚜렷한 포자, 2) 기부에서 정단으로 올라갈수록 심하게 가늘어지는 자루, 3) 흔히 원뿔형이거나 구형이 기부, 4) 하나의 점액질에 단단히 묻혀 있는 여러 개의 기부, 5) 여러 층의 세포로 구성된 퇴형의 정단에 의해 특징된다. 또한 이 종은 온도에 매우 민감한 반응을 보이며, macrocyst나 microyst는 형성하지 않는다. 이 종은 처음 토양으로부터 분리된 이후 계속적인 계대배양을 통하여 형태적 특징뿐만 아니라 발생과정 및 성장습성이 자세히 관찰되었으며, 이러한 특징들과 데이터는 다른 유사한 종과 비교되었다. 이 종은 1990년 해발 1600 m 이상의 한라산 침엽수림 토양에서 처음 발견되었으며, 약한 영양배지인 0.1% lactose-peptone 배지에서 Escherichia coli와 함께 $18-22^{\circ}C$에서 이원배양되었다.

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An Analysis on the Color Trend of Street Fashion in Dalian, China(paper no.1) - Focused on 2010 Summer -

  • Kim, Eun-Sil;Bae, Soo-Jeong
    • 패션비즈니스
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.51-66
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the traditional color sentiment on the contemporary clothing color by studying the pictures of street fashion of Dalian in China, in view of the clothing color of women in their 20-30 years of age having highest purchasing power, along with traditional Chinese color. The clothing color is various in frequency depending on the items in street fashion. Due to the seasonal impact of summer, the most frequent item was one-piece dress with the Multi of various color patterns, followed by White, Black, PB, R and B category. In the top color, the White was most prevalent color due to the seasonal factor, followed by Black, Grey, Multi, R, Y, RP category. Achromatic color is more dominant with the ratio of 7:3, comparing with its counterpart, which consists of R and Y category of V, B, P, VP tone. In the bottom color, Dp tone of PB shows most high frequency, followed by Black. This results illustrate that Chinese women prefer blue jeans and to be looked as slimmer by using of the dark colors. In the accessories, colors of bags and shoes show different results. The bag colors show the high frequency of Dk tone, YR category, and the chromatic colors are little bit dominant than achromatic ones with the ratio of 5.3:4.7. On the contrary, the shoes colors show the highest frequency in Black, the achromatic colors are more dominant than chromatic ones with the ratio of 6.6:3.4. These results somewhat diverge from the international color trend. Color trend in Dalian street fashion in which the high frequency of V tone is observed through all the colors of the items followed by P, VP, Lgr tone in sequence. In the light of Chinese traditional color preference, this result denotes that the traditional color preferences of red, yellow are still affecting the contemporary color choices of clothing in Chinese women. The high incidence of PB category in the bottom and one-piece dress does not seem to have its origin form traditional Chinese color sentiment.

Wind velocity field during thunderstorms

  • Ponte, Jacinto Jr.;Riera, Jorge D.
    • Wind and Structures
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.287-300
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    • 2007
  • Wind action is a factor of fundamental importance in the structural design of light or slender constructions. Codes for structural design usually assume that the incident mean wind velocity is parallel to the ground, which constitutes a valid simplification for frequent winds caused by meteorological phenomena such as Extratropical Storms (EPS) or Tropical Storms. Wind effects due to other phenomena, such as thunderstorms, and its combination with EPS winds in so-called squall lines, are simply neglected. In this paper a model that describes the three-dimensional wind velocity field originated from a downburst in a thunderstorm (TS) is proposed. The model is based on a semi empirical representation of an axially-symmetrical flow line pattern that describes a stationary field, modulated by a function that accounts for the evolution of the wind velocity with time. The model allows the generation of a spatially and temporally variable velocity field, which also includes a fluctuating component of the velocity. All parameters employed in the model are related to meteorological variables, which are susceptible of statistical assessment. A background wind is also considered, in order to account for the translational velocity of the thunderstorm, normally due to local wind conditions. When the translation of the TS is caused by an EPS, a squall line is produced, causing the highest wind velocities associated with TS events. The resulting vertical velocity profiles were also studied and compared with existing models, such as the profiles proposed by Vicroy, et al. (1992) and Wood and Kwok (1998). The present model predicts horizontal velocity profiles that depend on the distance to the storm center, effect not considered by previous models, although the various proposals are globally compatible. The model can be applied in any region of interest, once the relevant meteorological variables are known, to simulate the excitation due to TS winds in the design of transmission lines, long-span crossings, cable-stayed bridges, towers or similar structures.

The Provisions on the Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Awards in Indonesia (under the New York Convention of 1958?)

  • Adolf, Huala
    • 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.33-52
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    • 2017
  • This article tried to describe the laws concerning the enforcement of foreign arbitration awards in Indonesia. This issue is relevant in the light of frequent curiosity of foreign commentators, business communities, practicing lawyers, concerning the arbitration in Indonesia, in particular its enforcement of foreign arbitration awards. The main laws on arbitration analyzed were, firstly, the Indonesian law on arbitration, namely Law No 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution and the Presidential Regulation No 34 of 1981 concerning the Ratification of the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958. The provisions of Law of 1999 analyzed were confined to its international provisions on arbitration, in particular the requirements for the enforcement of foreign arbitration awards and also the requirement that the awards do not violate Indonesian public policy. The problem with the Indonesian arbitration law (and the courts' practice) were that no provisions which provided guidance or meaning with regard to public policy. The absence or lack of guidance or definition on public policy had some times confused lawyers or the parties in dispute fearing that their arbitration awards would not be enforced due to the violation of public policy. Secondly was the different opinion of two Indonesian arbitration experts, Prof. Sudargo Gautama and Prof. Priyatna Abdurrasyid. Both scholars had rather different opinions with regard to the meaning of public policy in Indonesia. Thirdly was a recent case law, Astro Nusantara Bv et.al., vs PT Ayunda Primamitra Case (2010) decided by the Indonesian Supreme Court with regard to the enforcement of foreign arbitration awards. This article concluded that the Indonesian court, in particular the Central of Jakarta Court, so far have given its support that the execution of foreign awards was duly enforced.

$CAVE^{TM}$-like 시스템에서 시각 커뮤니케이션 지원을 위한 스테레오 비디오 아바타 (A Stereo Video Avatar for Supporting Visual Communication in a $CAVE^{TM}$-like System)

  • 이선민;박지영;김명희
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.354-362
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    • 2006
  • 본 논문에서는 CAVE$^{TM}$-like 시스템에서 시각 커뮤니케이션 지원을 위한 고화질 스테레오 비디오 아바타 생성 기법을 제안한다. CAVE$^{TM}$-like 시스템에서는 사용자를 둘러싸고 있는 스크린으로 투사되는 빛의 잦은 변화 때문에 비디오 아바타 생성에 필수적인 사용자 추출이 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 가시광선 차단 필터를 부착한 흑백 카메라로 획득된 적외선 반사 영상을 이용함으로써 스크린 상 빛의 변화를 차단하여 강건하게 사용자를 추출할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 사람의 양안차 간격으로 배치한 두 대의 컬러 카메라를 사용하여 삼차원 기하 정보의 재구성 없이 고화질 비디오 아바타를 빠르게 생성하고 입체 디스플레이 하기 위한 양안용 사용자 영상을 획득하였다. 획득된 영상에서 배경을 제거하기 위하여 적외선 반사 영상으로 정의된 실루엣 마스크와의 피팅 알고리즘을 제안한다. 생성된 비디오 아바타 스테레오 영상은 가상공간 내 평면 상에 텍스처 매핑하여 프레임 순차 스테레오 방식를 이용하여 입체 디스플레이할 수 있도록 하였다. 제안된 방식은 기존의 3D 비디오 아바타보다 고화질의 결과를 빠르게 생성할 수 있으며, 2D 기반 방식에서 제공해주지 못하던 입체감을 제공해준다.

정보시스템의 지속적 사용에서 경험의 역할에 대한 분석 (An Analysis of the Roles of Experience in Information System Continuance)

  • 이웅규
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.45-62
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    • 2011
  • The notion of information systems (IS) continuance has recently emerged as one of the most important research issues in the field of IS. A great deal of research has been conducted thus far on the basis of theories adapted from various disciplines including consumer behaviors and social psychology, in addition to theories regarding information technology (IT) acceptance. This previous body of knowledge provides a robust research framework that can already account for the determination of IS continuance; however, this research points to other, thus-far-unelucidated determinant factors such as habit, which were not included in traditional IT acceptance frameworks, and also re-emphasizes the importance of emotion-related constructs such as satisfaction in addition to conscious intention with rational beliefs such as usefulness. Experiences should also be considered one of the most important factors determining the characteristics of information system (IS) continuance and the features distinct from those determining IS acceptance, because more experienced users may have more opportunities for IS use, which would allow them more frequent use than would be available to less experienced or non-experienced users. Interestingly, experience has dual features that may contradictorily influence IS use. On one hand, attitudes predicated on direct experience have been shown to predict behavior better than attitudes from indirect experience or without experience; as more information is available, direct experience may render IS use a more salient behavior, and may also make IS use more accessible via memory. Therefore, experience may serve to intensify the relationship between IS use and conscious intention with evaluations, On the other hand, experience may culminate in the formation of habits: greater experience may also imply more frequent performance of the behavior, which may lead to the formation of habits, Hence, like experience, users' activation of an IS may be more dependent on habit-that is, unconscious automatic use without deliberation regarding the IS-and less dependent on conscious intentions, Furthermore, experiences can provide basic information necessary for satisfaction with the use of a specific IS, thus spurring the formation of both conscious intentions and unconscious habits, Whereas IT adoption Is a one-time decision, IS continuance may be a series of users' decisions and evaluations based on satisfaction with IS use. Moreover. habits also cannot be formed without satisfaction, even when a behavior is carried out repeatedly. Thus, experiences also play a critical role in satisfaction, as satisfaction is the consequence of direct experiences of actual behaviors. In particular, emotional experiences such as enjoyment can become as influential on IS use as are utilitarian experiences such as usefulness; this is especially true in light of the modern increase in membership-based hedonic systems - including online games, web-based social network services (SNS), blogs, and portals-all of which attempt to provide users with self-fulfilling value. Therefore, in order to understand more clearly the role of experiences in IS continuance, analysis must be conducted under a research framework that includes intentions, habits, and satisfaction, as experience may not only have duration-based moderating effects on the relationship between both intention and habit and the activation of IS use, but may also have content-based positive effects on satisfaction. This is consistent with the basic assumptions regarding the determining factors in IS continuance as suggested by Oritz de Guinea and Markus: consciousness, emotion, and habit. The principal objective of this study was to explore and assess the effects of experiences in IS continuance, with special consideration given to conscious intentions and unconscious habits, as well as satisfaction. IN service of this goal, along with a review of the relevant literature regarding the effects of experiences and habit on continuous IS use, this study suggested a research model that represents the roles of experience: its moderating role in the relationships of IS continuance with both conscious intention and unconscious habit, and its antecedent role in the development of satisfaction. For the validation of this research model. Korean university student users of 'Cyworld', one of the most influential social network services in South Korea, were surveyed, and the data were analyzed via partial least square (PLS) analysis to assess the implications of this study. In result most hypotheses in our research model were statistically supported with the exception of one. Although one hypothesis was not supported, the study's findings provide us with some important implications. First the role of experience in IS continuance differs from its role in IS acceptance. Second, the use of IS was explained by the dynamic balance between habit and intention. Third, the importance of satisfaction was confirmed from the perspective of IS continuance with experience.

참전복 치패의 최적사육 기술현황 (State of Optimal Rearing Technique on the Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) Juvenile)

  • 손맹현;이정의;박민우;임한규;김대중;황형규
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제42권6호
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    • pp.621-627
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    • 2009
  • In order to standardize the juvenile abalone rearing technique, we selected sample farms by region in East, West and South coasts of Korea and Jeju island. We also have reviewed previous literature and visited farms to survey on the management of abalone juvenile production, spawning, hatching and so forth. Results of investigation are as follows: The light colors of tanks for larvae breeding are good for a frequent examination of larvae behaviour changes during the breeding period. The tank for the abalone juvenile production is a rectangular form in general and its size should amount to 3.5 m in length and 1.2 m width. It also should be built with proper drainage. The best age and size of adult for juvenile production are 3-6 years old individuals, with 9-12 cm separate burial and 125-150 g average weight. To induce spawning, the use of the exposure on air and ultraviolet ray together was the most effective. The density of larvae by plate should be 150-300 individuals and the proper stocking density was est imated and amount to 10-30 individuals. It has been shown that a correlation between water surface size($X_1$) and number of plates ($Y_1$), when producing abalone juveniles, is quite high and it is described by equation $Y_1=138.88X_1-5,736.8\;(R^2=0.9028)$. In addition, it has also been shown that a correlation between production of abalone juveniles ($Y_2$) and number of plates ($X_2$) is high and it is described by equation $Y_2=4.554X_2+12,493\;(R^2=0.8818)$. In Jindo region where a mass production of juveniles abalone has been done, it was shown, that a correlation between rearing water surface size ($X_3$) and production of juveniles abalone ($Y_3$) is very high and this relationship was described by the equation $Y_3=747.03X_2+94,359(R^2=0.9809)$. It has also been shown that a correlation between water surface size ($X_4$) and production of abalone juveniles ($Y_4$) in nationwide is high and the relationship between this variables was described by equation $Y_4=635.85X_4+99,923\;(R^2=0.9020)$.

Generation, Diversity Determination, and Application to Antibody Selection of a Human Naïve Fab Library

  • Kim, Sangkyu;Park, Insoo;Park, Seung Gu;Cho, Seulki;Kim, Jin Hong;S.Ipper, Nagesh;Choi, Sun Shim;Lee, Eung Suk;Hong, Hyo Jeong
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제40권9호
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    • pp.655-666
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    • 2017
  • We constructed a large $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ human Fab library ($3{\times}10^{10}$ colonies) from the lymphocytes of 809 human donors, assessed available diversities of the heavy-chain variable (VH) and ${\kappa}$ light-chain variable (VK) domain repertoires, and validated the library by selecting Fabs against 10 therapeutically relevant antigens by phage display. We obtained a database of unique 7,373 VH and 41,804 VK sequences by 454 pyrosequencing, and analyzed the repertoires. The distribution of VH and VK subfamilies and germline genes in our antibody repertoires slightly differed from those in earlier published natural antibody libraries. The frequency of somatic hypermutations (SHMs) in heavy-chain complementarity determining region (HCDR)1 and HCDR2 are higher compared with the natural IgM repertoire. Analysis of position-specific SHMs in CDRs indicates that asparagine, threonine, arginine, aspartate and phenylalanine are the most frequent non-germline residues on the antibody-antigen interface and are converted mostly from the germline residues, which are highly represented in germline SHM hotspots. The amino acid composition and length-dependent changes in amino acid frequencies of HCDR3 are similar to those in previous reports, except that frequencies of aspartate and phenylalanine are a little higher in our repertoire. Taken together, the results show that this antibody library shares common features of natural antibody repertoires and also has unique features. The antibody library will be useful in the generation of human antibodies against diverse antigens, and the information about the diversity of natural antibody repertoires will be valuable in the future design of synthetic human antibody libraries with high functional diversity.

Diagnostic Evaluation of Non-Interpretable Results Associated with rpoB Gene in Genotype MTBDRplus Ver 2.0

  • Singh, Binit Kumar;Sharma, Rohini;Kodan, Parul;Soneja, Manish;Jorwal, Pankaj;Nischal, Neeraj;Biswas, Ashutosh;Sarin, Sanjay;Ramachandran, Ranjani;Wig, Naveet
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제83권4호
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    • pp.289-294
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    • 2020
  • Background: Line probe assay (LPA) is standard diagnostic tool to detect multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Non-interpretable (NI) results in LPA (complete missing or light wild-type 3 and 8 bands with no mutation band in rpoB gene region) poses a diagnostic challenge. Methods: Sputum samples obtained between October 2016 and July 2017 at the Intermediate Reference Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, New Delhi, India were screened. Smear-positive and smear-negative culture-positive specimens were subjected to LPA Genotype MTBDRplus Ver 2.0. Smear-negative with culture-negative and culture contamination were excluded. LPA NI samples were subjected to phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) using MGIT-960 and sequencing. Results: A total of 1,614 sputum specimens were screened and 1,340 were included for the study (smear-positive [n=1,188] and smear-negative culture-positive [n=152]). LPA demonstrated 1,306 (97.5%) valid results with TUB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) band, 24 (1.8%) NI, three (0.2%) valid results without TUB band, and seven (0.5%) invalid results. Among the NI results, 22 isolates (91.7%) were found to be rifampicin (RIF) resistant and two (8.3%) were RIF sensitive in the pDST. Sequencing revealed that rpoB mutations were noted in all 22 cases with RIF resistance, whereas the remaining two cases had wild-type strains. Of the 22 cases with rpoB mutations, the most frequent mutation was S531W (n=10, 45.5%), followed by S531F (n=6, 27.2%), L530P (n=2, 9.1%), A532V (n=2, 9.1%), and L533P (n=2, 9.1%). Conclusion: The present study showed that the results of the Genotype MTBDRplus assay were NI in a small proportion of isolates. pDST and rpoB sequencing were useful in elucidating the cause and clinical meaning of the NI results.