• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 1984

수도체(水稻體)가 감수분열기(減數分裂期) 및 츨수기(出穗期)에 저온(低溫)이 되었을 때 엽면시비(葉面施肥)된 인산(燐酸)이 식물체내(植物體內)로 침투(浸透)되는지의 여부(與否)와 침투(浸透)된 인산(燐酸)이 이삭으로 이동(移動)되어 어떠한 형태(形態)의 인산(燐酸)으로 곡립(穀粒)에 존재(存在)하는지를 알기 위해 상온(常溫)에서 생육(生育)한 벼와 저온처리(低溫處理)한 수도체(水稻體)를 상호비교(相互比較)하여 시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果) 아래와 같이 요약(要約)되었다. 1. 감수분열기(減數分裂期) 및 출수기(出穗期) 수도(水稻)에 엽면시용(葉面施用)한 $^{32}P$ 혼합(混合) 인산용액(燐酸溶液)은 식물체내(植物體內)로 쉽게 흡수이용(吸收利用)되었고 상온(常溫)($25^{\circ}C$)에서 더 잘 흡수(吸收)되나 저온(低溫)($17^{\circ}C$)처리(處理) 수도체(水稻體)에서도 상당량(相當量)이 흡수(吸收)되었다. 2. 엽면시용인산(葉面施用燐酸)은 지엽(止葉)과 같은 신전개엽(新展開葉)일수록 잘 흡수(吸收)되며 노화(老化)된 잎일수록 흡수정도(吸收程度)가 낮았다. 3. 엽면흡수(葉面吸收)된 인산(燐酸)은 대부분(大部分)이 곡실(穀實)로 이동(移動)하여 현미(玄米)에 집적(集積)되며 다른 이삭으로도 전류(轉流)되었다. 4. 곡립(穀粒) 중(中) 인산형태(燐酸形態)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 상온(常溫)에서 생육(生育) 수도체(水稻體)에서는 TCA에 가용(可溶)이고 Ba에 불용(不溶)인 인산(燐酸)이 대부분(大部分)이어서 주(主)로 저장태(貯藏態) 인산(燐酸)인 phytin태(態)로 존재(存在)하였다. 5. 저온처리(低溫處理)를 받은 수도체(水稻體)에서는 Ba가용(可溶)EtOH 불용(不溶)인 당인산태(糖燐酸態)가 가장 많고 그 다음으로 lipid-P가 증가(增加)하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2020

Exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) light induces photoaging of skin, leading to wrinkles and sunburn. The perennial herb Humulus japonicus, widely distributed in Asia, is known to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. However, the physiological activities of isolated compounds from H. japonicus have rarely been investigated. This study focused on the isolation of active compounds from H. japonicus and the evaluation of their effects on photoaging in UVB-irradiated human fibroblast (Hs68) cells. When the extract and four fractions of H. japonicus were treated respectively in UVB-irradiated Hs68 cells to investigate anti-photoaging effects, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed the strongest inhibitory effect on MMP1 secretion. From EtOAc fraction, we isolated luteolin-8-C-glucoside (1), apigenin-8-C-glucoside (2), and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (3). These compounds suppressed UVB-induced MMP-1 production by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). When the antioxidant activity of the compounds were estimated by conducting western blot, calculating the bond dissociation energies of the O-H bond (BDE) at different grade, and measuring radical scavenging activity, we found luteolin-8-C-glucoside (1) showed the strongest activity on the suppression of UVB-induced photoaging. These results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of three flavone glycosides derived from H. japonicus on MMP-1 production, MAPK and AP-1 signaling, and oxidative stress; this could prove useful in suppressing UVB induced photoaging.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 1986

Lenzites betulina(Fr.)에서 효소 분획을 추출하여 carboxymethyl cellulose에 대한 분해 작용을 실험하였다. carboxymethyl cellulase의 활성도는 1.65 unit/ml였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2001

Five different types of catalases from photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum S1 grown aerobically in the dark were found in this study, and designated Catl (350 kDa), Cat2 (323 kDa), Cat3 (266 kDa), Cat4 (246 kDa), and Cat5 (238 kDa). Analysis of native PAGE revealed that Cat2, Cat3, and Cat4 were also produced in the cells anaerobically grown in the light. It is notable that only Cat2 was expressed much more strongly in response to the anaerobic condition. Enzyme activity staining demonstrated that Cat3 and Cat4 had bifunctional catalase-peroxidase activities, while Catl, Cat2, and Cat5 were typical monofunctional catalases. S1 cells grown aerobically in the presence of malate as the sole source of carbon exhibited an apparent catalase Km value of 10 mM and a Vmax of about 705 U/mg protein at late stationary growth phase. The catalase activity of Sl cells grown in the anaerobic environment exhibited a much lower Vmax of about 109 U/mg protein at late logarithmic growth phase. The catalytic activity was stable in the broad range of temperatures (30$\^{C}$-60$\^{C}$), and pH (6.0-10.0). R. rubrum S1 was much more resistant to H$_2$O$_2$in the stationary growth phase than in the exponential growth phase regardless of growth conditions. Cells of stationary growth phase treated with 15 mM H$_2$O$_2$for 1 h showed 3-fold higher catalase activities than the untreated cells. In addition, L-glutamate induced an 80-fold increase in total catalase activity of R. rubrum S1 compared with magic acid. Through fraction analyses of S1 cells, Cat2, Cat3, Cat4 and Cat5 were found in both cytoplasm and periplasm, while Catl was localized only in the cytoplasm.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2013

The enzymatic interesterification was performed to produce structured lipids (SLs) with palm mid fraction (PMF) and stearic ethyl ester (STEE) for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hr at $80^{\circ}C$. The reaction was catalyzed by Lipozyme TLIM (immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus, amount of 20% by weight of total substrates) in a shaking water bath set at 180 rpm. The optimum condition for synthesis of asymmetric SLs were: substrate molar ratio 1:0.5 (PMF:STEE, by weight), reaction time 6 hr, enzyme 20% (wt%, water activity=0.085) of total substrate and reaction temperature $80^{\circ}C$. After reaction at optimized condition, triacylglycerols (symmetrical and asymmetrical TAGs) from reactants were isolated. POP/PPO (1,3-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol or 1,2-palmitoyl-3-oleoyl glycerol), POS/PSO (palmitoyl-oleoyl-stearoyl glycerol or palmitoyl-stearoyl-oleoyl glycerol), SOS/SSO (1,3-stearoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol or 1,2-stearoyl-3-oleoyl glycerol) were obtained by solvent fractionation. Finally, refined SLs contained stearic acid of 16.91%. Solid fat index and thermogram of the refined SLs were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry. The degree of asymmetric triacylglycerol in the refined SLs was analyzed by Ag-HPLC equipped with evaporated light scattering detector (ELSD). The refined SLs consisted of symmetric TAG of 41.15 area% and asymmetric TAG of 58.85 area%.

• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.43-58
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• 1998

The Kwinana Shoreline Fumigation Experiment (KSFE) took place at Fremantle, WA, Australia between January 23 and February 8, 1995. The CSIRO DAR LIDAR measured plume sections from near the Kwinana Power Station (KPS) stacks to up to about 5 km downstream. It also measured boundary layer aerosols and the structure of the boundary layer on some occasions. Both stages A and C of KPS were used as tracers at different times. The heart of the LIDAR system is a Neodymium-doped Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser operating at a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm, with harmonics of 532 nm and 355 nm. For these experiments the third harmonic was used because the UV wavelength at 355 nm is eye safe beyond about 50 m. The laser fires a pulse of light 6 ns in duration (about 1.8 m long) and with an energy (at the third harmonic) of about 70 mJ. This pulse subsequently scattered and absorbed by both air molecules and particles in the atmosphere. A small fraction of the laser beam is scattered back to the LIDAR, collected by a telescope and detected by a photo-multiplier tube. The intensity of the signal as a function of time is a measure of the particle concentration as a function of distance along the line of the laser shot. The smoke plume was clearly identifiable in the scans both before and after fumigation in the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL). Both power station plumes were detected. Over the 9 days of operation, 1,568 plumes scans (214 series) were performed. Essentially all of these will provide instantaneous plume heights and widths, and there are many periods of continuous operation over several hours when it should be possible to compile hourly average plume statistics as well. The results of four days LIDAR observations of the dispersion of smoke plume in the TIBL at a coastal site are presented for the case of stages A and C.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2007

농업용 필름을 제조하는데 사용되는 EVA 공중합체, LDPE, LLDPE 혼합물의 접촉 열분해 반응에 있어서 MCM-41 촉매에 aluminium을 첨가가 생성물의 수율, 탄소 수 분포 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Aluminium은 direct 및 post 방법으로 첨가하였고, 열분해 반응은 액상 접촉과 기상 접촉 반응 결과를 비교하였다. Direct 또는 post 방법으로 aluminium이 첨가된 MCM-41에서 aluminium 첨가량이 증가할수록 Lewis 산점이 증가하여 전체 산점의 양이 증가하였는데 post 방법으로 제조된 촉매에서 산점의 양이 더 많이 증가하였다. 액상 접촉 반응에서 aluminium의 양이 증가하면 가벼운 탄화수소가 많이 생기는데, $C_5-C_{12}$ 범위의 탄소화합물의 생성에 Al-MCM-41-P 촉매가 더 효과가 컸다. 기상 접촉 반응에서는 Al-MCM-41-D와 Al-MCM-41-P사이의 차이가 액상 접촉 반응시보다 상대적으로 적게 나타났으나, 액상접촉 반응에 비해 $C_{13}-C_{32}$ 범위의 탄화수소가 크게 감소했음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.149-162
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• 1984

The research was conducted(1) to confirm the agent(s) responsible for the antimicrobial activity contained in the fermented tomato juice with L. acidophilus(2) to extract and purify the antimicrobial agent(s)(3) to find the biological, physical and chemical properties of the agent(s). The following results were obtained and summarized as followings; 1. The agent responsible for the inhibitory activity was confirmed by both well assay method using fermented tomato juice with L. acidophilus and turbidimetric technique using the cell-free filtrate or neutralized filtrate of tomato acidohilus culture and found exerted antimicrobial agent other than lactic acid. 2. The procedures of purification : The isolation and purification of antimicrobial agent from the lyophilized acidophilus tomato culture were carried out by (1) methanol extraction (2) acetone extraction, (3) Sephadex G-50 gel filtration (4) paper chromatography and (5) thin layer chromatography. 3. The biological, physical and chemical properties of antimicrobial agent: The biological, physical, chemical properties of the purified antimicrobial agent were: (1) The antimicrobial activity was strong against test organisms; Bacillus subtilis(ATCC 6633), Escheichia coli(ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 167), Pseudomonas fluorescens(KFCC 32394), Proteus vulgaris and Shigella dysenteriae. (2) The pH value of the agent was 2.0 and the inhibitory activity was lost when it was neutralized at 7.0 of pH and the agent was heat stable at $121^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes. (3) The ultraviolet light absorption spectra of methanol-acetone extract and TLC fraction exhibited a maximum absorption at 260nm and 224nm respectively. (4) The most purified agent from TLC plate increased about 130-fold in activity. (5) The agent isolated from TLC plate was free from $H_2O_2$ or lactic acid. 4. Bioautographic assy: By means of bioautography of the agent on silica gel of TLC plate a strong inhibitory activity against B. subtilis was demonstrated. 5. Mass spectrometry: The agent obtained from TLC plate was analyzed by mass spectrometry which show the parent peak at m/e 264 suggesting the molecular weight of the compound and molecular group such as [$C_2H{^+}_4$], [CO], [CH=NH], [$C_3{H^}4_7$], [$\begin{array}{rcl}O\\{\parallel}\\CH_3-C\\\end{array}$], [$C_6-H{^+}_{11}$], [$C_5H{^+}_{11}$], [$\begin{array}{rcl}O\\{\parallel}\\C_5H_7-C^+\\\end{array}$] were suggested.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2011

본 논문은288, 298, 308, 318 K에서 구성 요소의 전체 영역에서 이성분 혼합물과 그 특징을 발표하였다. 각각의 다른 온도에서 초과유전상수, 초과 몰 부피, 초과 굴절률, 몰 굴절, 초과 몰 굴절은 실험적으로 측정된 이전의 파라미터 값으로부터 계산되었고 Redlich-Kister 식으로 확인했다. 초과 유전상수, 초과 몰 부피, 초과 몰 편광은 음수인 반면에 초과 굴절률은 모든 온도에 대해 메틸 아세테이드의 전체 몰 분율에서 양수이다. 본 결과는 이성분 혼합물에서 발생하는 분자 사이의 상호작용을 고려하여 논의 되었다. Redlich-Kister 다항식의 예측된 계수와 계수에 따른 표준오차 또한 보고되었다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2013

Drag reduction of a running vehicle is very important issue for the energy savings and emission reduction of its power train. Especially for a solar powered electric vehicle, the drag reduction and weight lightening are two serious problems to be solved to extend its driving distance under the given energy condition. In this study, the ground effect of an airfoil shaped road vehicle was studied for an optimum body design of an ultra-light solar powered electric vehicle. Clark-Y airfoil type was adopted to the body shape of the model vehicle to reduce aerodynamic drag. From the study, it was found that the drag of the model vehicle was reduced as the height(h) between ground and the lower surface of the model vehicle was decreased. It is due to the reduction of the down-wash decreasing the induced drag of the vehicle. The lift was also decreased as the height decreased. It is due to the turbulent boundary layer developed beneath the vehicle body. The drag is classified into two types; the form and friction drag. The fraction of form drag to friction one is 76 to 24 on the model vehicle. As the height(h) of the model vehicle from the ground surface increases the form drag also increases but the friction drag is in reverse.