• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2023

This study was conducted to determine the sowing limit period and predict growth in the northern region based on accumulative temperature for each growth stage of soybean cultivated in the southern regions of the Korean Peninsula. First, the results of a demonstration test in the central region (Yeoncheon) of the Korean Peninsula were very similar to the predicted and actual values on the date by growth stage obtained through cultivation. This method was then applied to seven agricultural climatic zones in the northern Korean Peninsula. The results predicted that regardless of ecotype, soybean could be grown and harvested in the southern and northern parts of Mt. Suyang, south of the East Sea, and in the central and northern inland areas. However, it was predicted that no ecotype could be grown and harvested normally in the northern alpine region. Furthermore, north of the East Sea, the prediction indicated that early and mid-maturing cultivars could be grown and harvested normally, but middle-late maturing cultivars appeared to lack the number of growth days. The sowing limit period also varied depending on the ecotype, although it was reached earlier as higher latitudes were approached; the period ranged from May 16 to June 26 in the northern and southern parts of Mt. Suyang, north and south of the East Sea, and central and northern inland areas. Furthermore, all ecotypes of the northern alpine region, as well as mid-late maturing cultivars in the north of the East Sea, were predicted to be unable to grow normally owing to the lack of number of days required for soybean growth and development.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.207-221
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• 2000

Purpose: Cost-effectiveness of myocardial SPECT for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease was investigated considering the present and amended costs of myocardial SPECT and exercise ECG in Korea. Materials and Methods: Four diagnostic tactics such as 1) coronary angiography (CAG) after exercise ECG, 2) CAG after myocardial SPECT, 3) direct CAG, and 4) CAG after myocardial SPECT following exercise ECG were chosen. Costs were calculated using the present costs of various tests and effects represented by Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) were estimated. Difference of QALY (${\Delta}QALY$) was calculated by subtracting QALY of diagnosed/treated cases from QALY of undiagnosed cases. $Cost/{\Delta}QALY$ was calculated and compared between four different tactics according to pre-test probability. Results: When pre-test probability was equal to or larger than 0.6, direct CAG was the most cost-effective. When pre-test probability was between 0.2 and 0.6, CAG after myocardial SPECT following exercise ECG was the most cost-effective. CAG after myocardial SPECT was the second most cost-effective. Cost-effectiveness was similar when the costs of exercise ECG were doubled or quadrupled. CAG after exercise ECG was always the least cost-effective. Conclusion: Myocardial SPECT with or without preceding exercise ECG was the most cost-effective method to diagnose coronary artery disease in the present or expected amended cost system.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1168-1175
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• 2017

Probiotics are usually defined as intestinal bacteria that provide healthy benefit to the host and may offer new therapeutic materials for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus are known as typical probiotics. But, these bacteria have mostly a weak viability and thus decreased probiotics-mediated effects in the intestinal tract. Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease, which is characterized by the releases of inflammatory mediators including cytokine and IgE. They are mainly associated with the recruitment, activation and disregulation of specific inflammatory cells, especially mast cells, monocytes, T cells, eosinophils and neutrophils in asthma. We performed these studies as in vitro and in vivo test the human inflammatory cell lines and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model. And then the inhibitory effects of Enterococcus faecalis whole extract on inflammatory responses were examined. For our examinations, the E. faecalis whole extract (Ef extract) was acquired from whole bacteria of E. faecalis using freeze/thawing after ultrasonication method. As results, OVA-mediated THP-1 cell viability was decreased by the treatment of Ef extract. In the asthmatic mouse model, Ef extract inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the inflammatory sites and blood. This whole extract may have anti-asthmatic effects associated with the regulation of IL-5 and IgE expression. It may also be a promising candidate in anti-allergic medicine for the treatment of asthma.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.811-817
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of baking method on the quality and shelf-life of Maejakgwa containing nuts and seeds. Four different types of nuts and seeds (almond, cashewnut, coconut, and sunflower seed) were added to flour, and baking method was applied to prepare the Maejakgwa, physicochemical properties of which were then evaluated. The proximate composition analysis demonstrated that crude protein, crude fat, and ash contents were higher in the Maejakgwa containing nuts and seeds than in the control group. The lightness (L) value of the control Maejakgwa was lower than that observed in the groups containing nuts and seeds. Maejakgwa made with cashewnut, coconut, and sunflower seed evidenced higher yellowness (b) values than were recorded in the control and coconut groups. The incorporation of cashewnut, coconut and sunflower seed into the Maejakgwa lowered the hardness values (p<0.05). Our consumer test demonstrated that Maejakgwa prepared with almond was the most highly preferred, and the control group was the least favored. After 30 days of storage at $60^{\circ}C$, the peroxide value of the Maejakgwa containing sunflower seed was substantially higher than in any other groups, thereby suggesting that the addition of sunflower seeds resulted in accelerated lipid oxidation. No noticeable changes in peroxide values were observed in the groups prepared with coconut and cashewnut during storage time. The acid value increased with increasing storage time, and the addition of sunflower seed evidenced the highest values as compared to other groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2013

In this study, the early suicide prevention program was applied to the elementary school students and compared the prior & post effect of the program, and verified the status of psychology change like emotional status, or temptation to take a suicide, and presented the possibility as a suicide prevention program. The period of adolescence is the very unstable period in the process of growth being cognitively immature, emotionally impulsive period. It is the period emotionally unstable and unpredictable possible to select the method of suicide as an extreme method to escape the reality, or impulsive problem solving against small conflict or dispute situation. Many stress of the student such as recent nuclear family, expectation of parents to their children, education problem, socio-environmental elements, individual psychological factor lead students to the extreme activity of suicide in recent days. In this study, the scope of stress experienced in the elementary school as well as idea and degree of temptation regarding suicide by the suicide prevention program were identified, and through prevention program such as meditation training, breath training and through experience of anger control, emotion-expression, self overcome and establish positive self-identity and make understanding Self-control, Self-esteem & preciousness of life based on which the effect to suicide prevention was analyzed. The study was made targeting 51 students of 2 classes of 6th grade of elementary school of Goyang-si and processed 30 minutes every morning focused on through experience & activity of the principle & method of brain science. The data was collected for 20 times before starting morning class by using Suicide Probability Scale(herein SPS-A) designed to predict effectively suicide Probability, suicide risk prediction scale, surveyed by 7 areas such as Positive outlook, Within the family closeness, Impulsivity, Interpersonal hostility, Hopelessness, Hopelessness syndrome, suicide accident. Analytical methods and validation was used the Wilcoxon's signed rank test using SPSS Program. Though the process of program in short period, but there was a effective and positive results in the 7 areas in the average comparison. But in the t-test result, there was a different outcome. It indicated changes in the 3 questionnaires (No.7, No.14, No.19) out of 31 SPS-A questionnaires, and there was a no change to the rest item. It also indicated more changes of the students in the class A than class B. And in case of the class A students, psychological changes were verified in the areas of Hopelessness syndrome, suicide accident among 7 areas after the program was processed. Through this study, it could be verified that different results could be derived depending on the Student tendency, program professional(teacher in charge, processing lecturer). The suicide prevention program presented in this article can be a help in learning and suicide prevention with consistent systematization, activation through emotion and impulse control based on emotional stress relief and positive self-identity recovery, stabilization of brain waves, and let the short period program not to be died out but to be continued connecting from childhood to adolescence capable to make surrounding environment for spiritual, physical healthy growth for which this could be an effective program for suicide prevention of the social problem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.503-509
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Forest-walking exercise on gait pattern in the elderly. The subjects (n=37) were assigned to 2 groups: Forest-walking exercise (FWE) group (n=19, $66.34{\pm}4.31$ years old) and In-door treadmill-walking exercise (ITWE) group (n=18, $67.18{\pm}2.78$ years old). The subjects participated in FWE program or ITWE program (3 times/week, 80 min/day) for 12 weeks. The subjects were tested on functional fitness (strength, endurance, agility/balance, BMI) and gait pattern (cadence, velocity, and stability) at the beginning and the end of the 12-weeks program. For data analysis, mean and standard deviation scores were calculated, and independent t-test and repeated two-way ANOVA were used. The results of this study were as follow: First, FWE group was significantly more improved than ITWE group on functional fitness(lower-body muscular strength, lower-body flexibility, mobility, cardiorespiratory endurance) after 12-weeks exercise program. But both groups showed equally improvements on functional fitness (upper-body muscular strength, upper-body flexibility, BMI). Second, FWE group was significantly more improved than ITWE group on cadence, gait velocity, and gait stability after 12-weeks exercise program. Therefore, this study may suggest that Forest-walking exercise based on sensory-motor functional integration improves efficiently functional fitness and gait pattern in the elderly, and further becomes an effective exercise method that makes more dynamic life, and prevents from falling.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of oral health behavior factors to oral health promotion behavior in dental hygiene students and nonhealth-related majors, to identify factors affecting their oral health promotion behavior and ultimately to provide information on the oral health promotion of college students and behavioral factors related to that. Methods : The subjects in this study were three-year-course dental hygiene students and two-year-course nonhealth-related majors in G college located in the city of Gwangju. A self-administered survey was conducted for 11 days from September 9 to 19, 2009, and the answer sheets from 473 respondents were analyzed. To look for connections between their major and the characteristics of their oral health promotion behavior, t-test was utilized, and t-test and one-way ANOVA were carried out to find out the relationship oral health promotion behavior by general characteristics. Besides, multiple regression analysis was employed to grasp factors affecting oral health promotion behavior. Results : Among the subfactors of oral health promotion behavior, the dental hygiene students statistically significantly outdid the nonhealth-related majors in thorough post-meal toothbrushing(p<0.01), toothbrushing method(p<0.001), use of fluorine-containing dentifrice(p<0.001) and good nutrition(p<0.05). But the latter statistically significantly outperformed the former in use of fluorine-containing rinse(p<0.001) and limited sugar intake(0<0.05). Regarding variables affecting oral health promotion behavior, the age group, whether to get a dental checkup over the last year and whether to use oral hygiene supplies were identified as the variables to impact on oral health promotion behavior. Specifically, the age group(dental hygiene students) and the get a dental checkup over the last year(nonhealth-related majors) had a greater impact. Conclusions : To promote the oral health of college students, comprehensive oral health education should be provided, which covers the importance of dental checkup, recommendation for the use of oral hygiene supplies, etc. Specifically, oral health education should be offered as one of general education courses in order for nonhealth-related majors to get into sound life habits and improve their oral health promotion behavior. To make it happen, required institutional measures should be taken.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8101-8105
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• 2016

Background: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Bahasa Malaysia (BM) version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Colorectal Cancer-specific Quality Of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-CR29). Materials and Methods: We studied 93 patients recruited from University Malaya and Universiti Kebangsaan Medical Centers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia using a self-administered method. Tools included QLQ-C30, QLQ-CR29 and Karnofsky Performance Scales (KPS). Statistical analyses included Cronbach's alpha, test-retest correlations, multi-traits scaling and known-groups comparisons. A p vaue ${\leq}0.05$ was considered significant. Results: The internal consistency coefficients for body image, urinary frequency, blood and mucus and stool frequency scales were acceptable (Cronbach's alpha ${\alpha}{\geq}0.65$). However, the coefficients were low for the blood and mucus and stool frequency scales in patients with a stoma bag (${\alpha}=0.46$). Test-retest correlation coefficients were moderate to high (range: r = 0.51 to 1.00) for most of the scales except anxiety, urinary frequency, buttock pain, hair loss, stoma care related problems, and dyspareunia (r ${\leq}0.49$). Convergent and discriminant validities were achieved in all scales. Patients with a stoma reported significantly higher symptoms of blood and mucus in the stool, flatulence, faecal incontinence, sore skin, and embarrassment due to the frequent need to change the stoma bag (p < 0.05) compared to patients without stoma. None of the scales distinguished between patients based on the KPS scores. There were no overlaps between scales in the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29 (r < 0.40). Conclusions: the BM version of the QLQ-CR29 indicated acceptable psychometric properties in most of the scales similar to original validation study. This questionnaire could be used to complement the QLQ-C30 in assessing HRQOL among BM speaking population with colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.80-90
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• 1982

This study was undertaken to determine the influence of a chronic disease on body image, and to show that body image is directly related to one's self concept. Body image is the concept of one's own body based on present and past perception, and is elated to one's self concept. Body image is a dynamic concept constantly changing throughout the life cycle but it changes greatly in illness, surgery, and accident. The child with a chronic disease experiences pain and immobilization due to illness and he/she experiences a strange environment in the hospital. illness often brings feeling of frustration and loss of self-esteem. Therefore this study was done to compare the body image of a child with a chronic disease（Asthma), with that of a normal healthy child, and to determine the relationship between the body image and self concept. The subjects in this study were 36 children being treated for asthma at the allergy clinic of Y University Hospital in Seoul (patient group) and 44 children attending elementary school in Kwanak Ku Seoul (normal healthy group). For the measurement of the body image, the researcher used Secord & Jourard's Body Cathexis Scale, and another scale which was constructed after reading about Osgood's Semantic Differential Method. For the measurement of the self concept, the researcher used Jacox & Stewart's Health Self Concept. The period for data collection was from October 7th to October 27th, 1982. The analysis of data was done by use of Percentage, t-test, Chi-square test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and ANOVA, The results of the study were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis,“That the chronically ill (Asthma) child will have a more negative body image than the normal healthy child.”was supported. 2. The second hypothesis,“The more negative the body image, the lower the self concept.”was also supported. 3. The researcher failed to obtain statistically significant results in the analysis of the general characteristics which affect the body image except in the case of the older child as compare to the younger Child having a mole positive body image (r=.2751, r=.2481, p<.05). However it was found that, 1) Boy's have a more positive body image than girls (Mean=〔37.81, 141.09〕,〔37.00, 126.54〕), 2) The child who has been hospitalized has a more negative body image than the child who has never been hospitalized (Mean=〔33.25, 122.45〕,〔35.68, 129.93〕). 3) The younger the child when the disease is discovered and diagnosed, the more negative the body image (Onset of illness: Mean=〔31.44, 117.33〕,〔34.00, 103.50〕, 〔35.75, 140.38〕,〔36.33, 130.00〕, Time of Diagnosis: Mean=〔29.00, 117.33〕,〔33.89, 115.00〕,〔33.36, 124.93〕,〔37.10, 139. 20〕). In conclusion the chronically ill(.Asthma) child has a more negative body image than the normal healthy child, and the more negative the body image the lower the self concept. Therefore the concept of body image is useful in understanding the influences of chronic disease on body' image and self concept.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.145-161
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• 1998

This correlational study sought to find the relationship among women's health status and the level of importance & performance of postpartal care. One hundred thirty three women who live in Seoul and rural area including hospitalized in a general hospital and midwifery clinic were studied from 1st April, 1998 to 25th April, 1998 for 25 days. Data analysis consisted of frequency, percentage, Pearson Correlation Coefficiency, t-test, ANOVA and Sheffe test as a post hoc, using SPSS. The results of analysis were as follows ; mean age of respondents was 31.9 years and mean number of children was 1.8. The most of family type was nuclear family and lived int apartment. Mean frequency of pregnancy was 2.7 times and most women delivered at local clinic, general or University hospital. Mean period of after delivery was 53.7 month. The level of importance and performance of traditional postpartal care (Sanhujori) was more higher than hospital postpartal care. The level of importance, performance of postpartum care and health status had significant relationship. The higher level of importance was, & the higher level of performance was higher, and the higher degree of health status. The factors related to health status were postabortal sahujori period after abortion, nuclear family, the evaluation of sahujori, whether women and followed the caregiver's advice well or not and whether they have physical symptoms or not, at the level of $5{\sim}0.1%$ of significance statistically. The factors related to the level of importance of postpartal care were the number of child, present health status and health status of pre-post of delivery, deliver place and the opinion of effective postpartum care method at the level of $5{\sim}0.1%$ of significance statistically. The factors related to the level of performance of postpartal care were delivery place, the opinion of whether they can do at the hospital or not and whether they have physical symptom or not at the level of $1{\sim}0.1%$ of significance statistically. In conclusion, this finding reconfirmed the relationship among women's health status and the postpartal care. It provides a challenge to the health professional caregivers to research continually and repeatedly and confirm the conceptual model of Sanhujori, reestablish effective and integrative postpartal caring system which contains oriental and western paradigm for women's life long health toward the 21C.