• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.24 no.68
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• pp.51-65
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• 2001

This study is to make LCIA(Life Cycle Impact Assessment) easier as a methodology of environmental scores(called E-score) that integrated environmental load of each emission substance based on environmental damage such as in human health, ecosystem and resources category. The concept is to analyzes the LCI(Life Cycle Inventory) and defines the level of environment damages for human health, ecosystem and resources to objective impact assessment standard, and makes the base of marginal damage to calculate the damage factor, which can present the indication that can establish the standard value of environmental impact. First, damages to human health are calculated by fate analysis, effect analysis and damage analysis to get the damage factor of health effect as a DALY(Disability Adjusted Life Years) unit. Second, damages to ecosystem are calculated by fate analysis, effect analysis and damage analysis to get the damage factor of the effect as a PDF(Potentially Disappeared Fraction) unit through linking potentially increased disappeared fraction. Third, damages to resources are carried out by resource analysis and damage analysis for linking the lower fate to surplus energy conception to get damage factor as a MJ(Mega Joule) unit. For the ranking of relative environment load level each other, LCIA can be carried out effectively by applying this E-score methodology to the particular emission substances. A case study has been introduced for the emission substances coming out of a tire manufacturer in Korea. It is to show how to work the methodology. Based on such study result, product-designers or producers now can apply the E-scores presented in this study to the substances of emission list, and then calculate the environment load of the product or process in advance at any time and can see the environment performance comparatively and expected to contribute to the environmental improvement in view of environmental pollution prevention.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2016

SCM activities in a company are considered as total innovation through synchronizing supply and demand while maintaining appropriate inventory level and reducing the business operating costs. Until now, even several researches are carried out on the SCM performance of the companies which have introduced and been operating SCM, the research on the cost analysis for the inventory which occurs frequently on supply chain is still insufficient. Especially, for the electronics industry in which the product depreciation is sharp caused by the short product life cycle and the complexity of distribution channels, even the inventory related costs are a major factor in business management, since the current estimated criteria of inventory costs are limited to the interest and maintenance management costs, the criteria do not reflect the total influence of the product depreciation and lost opportunity cost which are related to the business management. Furthermore, even though the rapid price drops of the distributor inventory caused by the frequent new model launch can be covered by the product manufacturers, the scale of total costs related to the inventory has not been conceived because the price compensation is traditionally considered as a market costs. In this research, we analyzed the inventory characteristics of electronics industry in which the price depreciation happens frequently, newly defining the estimated criteria of the product total inventory cost which includes price depreciation from the product manufacturers' view. Finally we focus on the case study of a representative electronics company and verify the scale of the influence on management performance.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

The application of the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methodology to analyze the environmental burden of appling the digestates to corn field including different swine waste treatment systems was investigated. The first part of LCA is an inventory of parameters used to emissions released due to the system under investigation. In the following step, the Life Cycle Impact Assessment, the inventory data were analyzed and aggregated in order to finally get one index representing the each environmental burden. Each corn field applied with the aerobic and anaerobic digestates including different swine waste treatment systems was used as an example for the life cycle impact analysis. With analyzing the agricultural environmental burden, it observed that the effect of corn field applied aerobic digestate including digestion system was 7.6 times higher at eutrophication effects, but global warming potential effect was 0.9 times less than its applied anaerobic digestate.

• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2008

Life cycle assessment was carried out to evaluate the environmental values of dimethylas a diesel alternative fuel with the assumption of dimethyl ether production from natural gas via synthesis gas. The whole life cycles from raw material acquisitions to the final usages of diesel and dimethyl ether were involved in the assessment. Inventory analysis showed that the most significant environmental impacts came from resource depletions and air emissions. Impact assessment revealed that dimethyl ether was environmentally better in the aspect of human health and ecosystem quality but worse in resource depletions compared with diesel fuel. Suggestions for environmental improvement of dimethyl ether as a diesel alternative fuel were prepared based on the assessment results.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2009

LCA is nowadays getting popular as a tool to assess the environmental impacts. We can assess the environmental impacts of products and also compare the environmental performance between products with LCA. Furthermore, the LCA results can be used for designing eco-friendly products. But LCA needs an enormous amount of data collection, calculations of energy and material balance. which required to spend pretty much time and cost. However, If we use Input-Output Analysis, There is a lot of advantages that we can save time and cost to calculate and also analyze energy-material balance more comprehensively. Therefore, we implemented the fundamental research of the environmental impact assessment on railway system using life cycle inventory analysis and Input-Output Analysis method.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.612-620
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• 1999

Environmental impact assessment in the step of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) measures relative values of importance or weight of the environmental load characterized in the inventory analysis. The weight measurements are used to evaluate the environmental load or the effect of the industrial product or technology. In this paper the Analytic Network Prpcess (ANP) is introduced to calculate a relative weighting of the environmental impact. The ANP is considered as one of the useful decision making framework and allow for more complex interrelationships, feedback, and inner/outer dependence among the decision level and factors. The weighting from the ANP may applied to obtain the overall evaluation value of environmental load.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction technology, one of the promising solutions for climate change, can convert CO₂, a representative greenhouse gas (GHG), into valuable base chemicals using electric energy. In particular, carbon monoxide (CO), among various candidate products, is attracting much attention from both academia and industry because of its high Faraday efficiency, promising economic feasibility, and relatively large market size. Although numerous previous studies have recently analyzed the GHG reduction potential of this technology, the assumptions made and inventory data used are neither consistent nor transparent. In this study, a comparative life cycle assessment was carried out to analyze the potential for reducing GHG emissions in the electrochemical CO production process in a more transparent way. By defining three different system boundaries, the global warming impact was compared with that of a fossil fuel-based CO production process. The results confirmed that the emission factor of electric energy supplied to CO₂-electrolyzers should be much lower than that of the current national power generation sector in order to mitigate GHG emissions by replacing conventional CO production with electrochemical CO production. Also, it is important to disclose transparently inventory data of the conventional CO production process for a more reliable analysis of GHG reduction potential.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2003

The suitability of the life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to analyze the environmental impact of rice cultivation with different fertilizing systems is investigated. The arst part of an LCA is an inventory of parameters used and emissions released due to the system under investigation. In the following step, the Life Cycle Impact Assessment the inventory data were analyzed and aggregated in order to finally get one index representing the total environmental burden. For the life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) the Eco-indicator 95 method has been chosen because this is well documented and regularly applied impact assessment method. The resulting index is called Eco-indicator value. The higher the Eco-indicator value the stronger is the total environmental impact of an analyzed fertilizing system. The rice field experiment conducted in middle parts of korea was chosen as an example for the life cycle impact analysis. In this experiment the treatments were consisted of none fertilizer plot (NF), standard fertilizer plot (SF) applied chemical fertilizers based on soil chemical analysis before rice transplanting, and efflux fertilized plot (EF) applied with pig wastes fermented as the same rates of SF plot as basis on total nitrogen content. The obtained Eco-indicator values were clearly different among the treatments in the rice trial. The total Eco-indicator values for SF and EF have been observed 58 and 38% relative to the NF, respectively. For all the treatments the environmental effects of eutrophication contributed most to the total Eco-indicator value. The results appeared that the LCA methodology is basically suitable to assess the environmental impact associated with different fertilizer applications for rice cultivation. A comparative analysis of the fertilizing system's contribution to global warming and eutrophication is possible.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2005

In this study, life cycle assessment(LCA) technique was employed to evaluate the environmental impact of material recycling of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) bottle. Life cycle inventory was established based on the data collected from recycling companies in Korea. Simapro 5.0 LCA software and Eco-indicator 95 index were used for the analysis. The biggest impact by the material recycling of PET bottle on the environmental category was the global warming. It is because melting and production of the recycled PET product consume a significant amount of electricity and energy. In the environmental pollution discharge, $CO_2$ emission was the highest, followed by NOx. This is probably due to the use of diesel and gasoline in the consumption of electricity and transportation. All the environmental impact showed (-) value except the ozone layer depletion, which means that the material recycling of PET bottle is environmentally fair. The use of recycled PET product greatly reduced the environmental impact.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2006

In this paper, the methodology of life-cycle assessment was applied to an ethanol production process based on catalytic reaction. The environmental performance of the process was quantified and compared with that of the fermentation process. The purpose of the assessment was to develop design guidelines for the environmentally better ethanol production. The assessment was carried only on the stages of raw material acquisition through ethanol manufacture since it was assumed that ethanol from two processes had the same environmental impacts through its use and discard. The inventory analysis of the catalytic process resulted in that carbon dioxide from methanol production was the major environmental impact. The impact assessment showed that the fermentation process was environmentally better than the catalytic one. Suggestions for environmental improvement of the catalytic process were prepared based on the assessment results.