• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.962-968
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• 2016

The large scaled lead-acid battery is widely used for efficient operation of the photovoltaic system in many islands. However, lithium-ion battery is now being introduced to mitigate the fluctuation of wind power and to replace lead-acid battery. Therefore, hybrid ESS(Energy Storage system) that combines lithium-ion battery with lead-acid battery is being required because lithium-ion battery is costly in present stage. Under this circumstance, this paper presents the optimal algorithm to create composition rate of hybrid ESS by considering fixed and variable costs in order to maximize advantage of each battery. With minimization of total cost including fixed and variable costs, the optimal composition rate can be calculated based on the various scenarios such as load variation, life cycle and cost trend. From simulation results, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithms are an effective tool to produce a optimal composition rate.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제2권9호
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• pp.1191-1198
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• 2001

소프트웨어 개발에서 점점 더 중요시되는 사항은 개발 생명주기의 초기에 개발과 관련된 노력과 비용을 추정하는 능력이다. 제안된 모델 대부분은 경험 데이터의 직관, 전문가 판단과 회귀분석의 조합에 기반을 두고 있으나 다양한 환경에 적용될 수 있는 하나의 모델을 개발하는 것이 불가능하였다. 본 논문은 기능 구성요소 형태들로 측정된 소프트웨어 규모로 소프트웨어 개발노력을 추정하는 신경망 모델을 제안한다. 신경망의 은닉뉴런 수는 입-출력 관계로부터 휴리스틱하게 얻는 방법을 제안한다. 24개 소프트웨어 개발 프로젝트 사례연구를 통해 적합한 신경망 모델을 제시하였다. 또한, 회귀분석 모델과 신경망 모델을 비교하여 신경망 모델의 정확성이 보다 좋음을 보였다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2005

본 연구는 LCC 기법을 이용한 냉 $\cdot$ 난방 공조설비 시스템에 대하여 사업 실행전 LCC와 사업 실행후 LCC를 예측, 성과측정 및 경제성 평가를 목적으로 진행되었다. 이를 위해 신기술 냉 $\cdot$난방 공조설비 시스템의 Life Cycle동안의 비용자료를 실적자료와 견적자료, 인터뷰등의 방법으로 조사 $\cdot$ 분석하였다. 또한 분석기간 15년 동안의 사업 실행전 $\cdot$ 후의 LCC를 예측하여 성과측정 및 경제성 평가를 실시하였다. 이와 같은 과정을 통해 수행된 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다: 1)일체형 개별냉 $\cdot$난방공조설비의 설치로 인해 할인비용시 $21.6\%$의 경제성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 3)성과측정은 투자대비 회수배율로서 할인비용시 회수배율은 신축의 경우 4.8배, 리모델링의 경우 14.4배의 경제성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.489-500
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• 2013

Daily milk yields on test days were estimated using morning or afternoon partial milk yields collected by official agencies and the accuracy of the estimates was determined. Test-day data for milk yields consisted of 3,156,734 records of AM/PM partial milking measurements of 255,437 milking Holstein cows from 3,708 farms collected from December 2008 to April 2013. A linear regression model (LRM) was applied to estimate daily milk yields using alternate AM/PM milk yield records within lactation stages, milking intervals, and parities on every daily milk yield. The alternate statistical approach was a non-linear hierarchical model (NHM) in which Brody's growth function was implemented by reflecting an animal's physiological milk production cycle. When compared with LRM, daily milk yields predicted by the NHM were assumed to be functionally related to day in milk (or lactation) stage, milking intervals, and partial milk yields. Since the results were in terms of accuracies based on comparisons of different statistical models, accuracies of estimates of daily milk yields by NHM were close to those determined by the LRM. The average of these accuracies was 0.94 for AM partial milk yields and 0.93 for PM partial milk yields for first calving cows. However, the accuracies of AM/PM milk yield estimations from cows under a calving stage higher than the first parity were 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. Correlations between the estimated daily milk yields and the actual daily milk yields ranged from 0.96~0.98. These accuracies were lower for unbalanced AM/PM milking intervals and the first calving cows. Overall, prediction of daily milk yields by NHM would be more appropriate than by LRM due to its flexibility under different milk yield-related circumstances, which provides an idea of the functional relationship between milking intervals and days in milk with daily milk yields from statistical viewpoints.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.607-615
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• 2010

Urban green space is often at the centre of the debate on urban substantiality because it provides functions of space, e.g. for wildlife, recreation, growing vegetables, psychological wellbeing, social interaction, etc. Traditionally, the various functions of urban green spaces clearly show that green spaces contain important values that contribute to the overall quality of urban life. After Kyoto protocol, it has becoming important to more accurately evaluate carbon uptake by urban green space. Many studies have analyzed the benefits, costs, and carbon storage capacity associated with urban green space. These studies have been limited by a lack of research on urban tree biomass and carbon uptake by soil, such that estimates of carbon storage in urban systems. This study calculate more accurately the amount of carbon uptake by urban green space. This study also complement the existing methods to estimate the urban green space carbon uptake. It has been studied how to evaluate carbon uptake function of urban green space. The surface area of urban green space increased 5% by complemented method and carbon uptake is also increased. Based on this result, the carbon uptake per capita was analysed and compared to the area of carbon uptake. And this study discussed the reasons for the differences between the new and earlier estimates, as well as implications for our understanding of the global carbon cycle. In conclusion, these results could contribute as preliminary data to policy makers when climate change adaptation strategy is established.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2015

Electro-mechanical actuator installed on aircraft consists of a decelerator which magnifies the torque in order to rotate an axis connected with aircraft control surface, a control section which controls the motor assembly through receiving orders from cockpit and a motor assembly which rotates the decelerator. Electro-mechanical actuator controls aircraft altitude, position, landing, takeoff, etc. It is an important part of a aircraft. Aircraft maneuvering causes vibrations to electro-mechanical actuator. Vibrations may result in structural fatigue. For that reason, it is necessary to analyze the system structural safety. In order to analyze the system structural safety. It is needed reasonable finite element model and structural response stress closed to real value. In this paper, analytic model is derived by using the simplified finite element model, and damping ratio which is closely related to response stress is derived by using modal test. So, we developed analytic model in less than 10 % error rate, compared with modal test. Vibration response stress close to real value was estimated from analytic model modified with modal experimental damping ratio. Estimation method for damping ratio with empirical formula was suggested partly. Finally, It was proved that electro-mechanical actuator had reasonable structure margin of safety at environmental random $3{\sigma}$ stress during life cycle.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2009

건설사업의 단계별 진행에 따라서 공정 스케줄의 정확도에 대한 요구수준이 달라진다. 본 연구의 목적은 건설사업의 초기단계에서 활용할 수 있는 표준공정모델을 제시하여 신속하게 전체 개략공기를 산정하는 체계를 제시하는 것이다. 표준공정모델을 적용하여 작업공정을 모듈화하고, Top-down 식 접근으로 상위레벨에서 공정모듈 간 작업연관관계를 분석함으로써 신속하게 프로젝트의 공사기간을 산정할 수 있다. 표준공정모델의 타당성을 검증하기 위해서 각 공정모듈의 작업기간이 일정하다고 가정하고, 가스 플랜트 공정에 대하여 적용시켰다. 그 결과 표준공정모델을 사용하여 계산한 개략 공사기간과 공정관리 툴을 사용한 상세 공사기간은 -3.1% 부터 +15.0%까지의 범위에서 차이를 가졌다. 이러한 결과는 제시된 표준공정모델이 일정 수준의 신뢰성을 가지는 공정 스케줄 정보를 제공하고, 사업기획과 타당성 분석 등 건설사업의 초기단계에서 신속하게 의사결정을 도울 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.103-118
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to discuss possibilities of applying growth curve models, such as Logistic, Log-Logistic, Log-Normal, Gompertz and Weibull, to three specific technology areas of Fishery Science and Technology in the process of measuring their technology level between Korea and countries with the state-of-the art level. Technology areas of hazard control of organism, environment restoration, and fish cluster detect were selected for this study. Expert panel survey was conducted to construct relevant panel data for years of 2013, 2016, and a future time of approaching the theoretical maximum technology level. The size of data was 70, 70 and 40 respectively. First finding is that estimation of shape and location parameters of each model was statistically significant, and lack-of-fit test using estimated parameters was statistically rejected for each model, meaning all models were good enough to apply for measuring technology levels. Second, three models other than Pearl and Gompertz seemed very appropriate to apply despite the fact that previous case studies have used only Gompertz and Pearl. This study suggests that Weibull model would be a very valid candidate for the purpose. Third, fish cluster detect technology level is relatively higher for both Korea and a country with the state-of-the-art among three areas as of 2013. However, all three areas seem to be approaching their limits(highest technology level point) until 2020 for countries with the state-of-the-art. This implies that Korea might have to speed up her research activities in order to catch up them prior to 2020. Final suggestion is that future study may better apply various and more appropriate models respectively considering each technology characteristics and other factors.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권12호
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• pp.2199-2201
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• 2008

Sulfur hexafluoride($SF_6$) is a gaseous dielectric used in high voltage electrical equipment such as an insultor or arc quenching medium in the transmission and distribution of electricity. however, $SF_6$ is one of the greenhouse gases(GHG) with a global warming potential that is 23,900 times greater than that of carbon dioxide($CO_2$). for this reason, $SF_6$ emissions in electric equipment shall be controlled to reduce GHG and improve cost-effective use of $SF_6$ for economical benefits. Until recently there has not been any investigation on $SF_6$ emission characteristics and inventory in Korea. To understand emission characteristics during the use-phase, the scope of this study was limited to the following closed pressure system equipment from 10 substations in Korea. This study highlights (1) the investigation of sampling/analysis methodology for $SF_6$ emissions in high voltage equipment, (2) the estimation of $SF_6$ emissions in the use-phase, and (3) the comparison between the emission ratio and the mass-balance applied to inventory study. According to this study, the majority of emissions were related to electric equipment nameplates and the rest of the emissions were related to the handling of $SF_6$ during operations. from this result, emission ratios estimated from this study were similar; GIS was 14% and GCB was 13%, as maintenance process conditions were the same as manual process conditions for both equipment.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제8D권5호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2001

소프트웨어 개발에서 점점 더 중요시되는 사항은 개발 생명주기의 초기에 개발과 관련된 노력과 비용을 추정하는 능력이다. 소프트웨어 개발노력과 비용추정을 위한 대부분의 모델이 선형회귀분석 절차를 사용하였다. 그러나 소프트웨어의 복잡성, 개발환경의 다양성으로 인해 소프트웨어 개발노력과 비용 추정은 점점 더 부정확해지고 있다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위해서는 비선형 방법을 사용해야 한다. 따라서 본 논문은 소프트웨어 개발 노력을 추정하는데 비선형 관계를 표현 가능한 RBF망 모델을 제안한다. 24개 소프트웨어 사례연구를 통해 적합한 RBF 망 모델을 제시하였다. 또한, 회귀분석 모델과 RBF망 모델을 비교하여 RBF 망 모델의 정확성이 가장 좋음을 보였다.