• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.155-156
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze the factors that cause differences in the evaluation results of the life cycle carbon emissions assessment of buildings in both Korea and China as part of the methodology research of building life cycle assessment for Chinese buildings to promote building life cycle assessment in China. Specifically, it examines the building LCA standards of Korea and the standard for building carbon emission calculation in China as mentioned in the green building certification systems of both countries. Based on the investigation of the two standards, the life cycle carbon emissions of the evaluation target building were evaluated using the building life cycle assessment methods of both countries, and the influencing factors that cause differences in the life cycle carbon emission assessment results of the two countries were analyzed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.711-723
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• 2024

Water distribution systems are important large-scale social infrastructure facilities for maintaining human society. Large-scale social infrastructure facilities are increasing due to urbanization and industrialization. However, one of the problems caused by the progress of urbanization and industrialization is carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. In this study, a Life Cycle Carbon Emission Analysis (LCCEA) model was proposed to analyze the amount of CO₂ generated during the life cycle of water distribution systems, such as installation, maintenance, and repair. Based on the proposed LCCEA model, low-carbon optimal design was performed and compared with cost-optimal design. As a result of applying the LCCEA model to domestic and international water distribution systems, the low-carbon optimal design showed a decrease in total and annual CO₂ emissions compared to the cost-optimal design. In addition, when CO₂ emissions were converted to costs and compared, the low-carbon optimal design showed better results in terms of cost. The LCCEA model can be applied to various water distribution systems as well as domestic and international water supply networks used in this study, and it will show good results in the design and operation of water distribution systems.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2023

The study used the whole-life carbon assessment method to conduct a thorough carbon-neutral evaluation of a standard steel structure. To further assess carbon emissions, 11 design-changed models were evaluated, with changes made to the span between beams and columns. The results of the carbon emission assessment showed savings of approximately 13.1% by implementing the stage of the beyond life cycle. Additionally, the evaluation of carbon emissions through design changes revealed a difference of up to 42.2%. These findings confirmed that recycling and structural design changes can significantly reduce carbon emissions by up to 48.6%, making it an effective means of achieving carbon neutrality. It is therefore necessary to apply the stage of beyond life cycle and structural change to reduce carbon emissions.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2011

International cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is expected to provide a big crisis and a great opportunity at the same time for our industry that heavily consumes energy. To cope actively with the international environmental regulation, such as the Framework Convention on Climate Change, quantitative measurement of the volume of greenhouse gases emitted by various industries and quantitative prediction of the greenhouse gas emissions of the future are becoming more important than anything else at the national level. This study aims to propose the calculation process of carbon dioxide($CO_2$) emission for building in life cycle. This paper describes and compares 9 different tool for environmental load estimation with LCA. This study proposed the calculation process for quantitatively predicting and assessing $CO_2$ emissions during the life cycle of buildings based on the life cycle assessment(LCA). The life cycle steps of buildings were divided into the design/supervision, new construction, repair, renovation, use of operating energy in buildings, maintenance, and reconstruction stage in the life cycle inventory analysis and the method of assessing the environmental load in each stage was proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.04a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2022

In Korea, construction and development has been continued rapidly since the 1970s, and the reconstruction and renovation market has recently been activated to improve old buildings. Most of the environmental evaluation of reconstruction and renovation projects is focused on the use of operating energy, and It is necessary to analyze carbon emissions throughout the life cycle for a comprehensive evaluation of reconstruction and remodeling projects. Therefore, this study quantitatively predicted carbon emissions from reconstruction and renovation based on ISO 14040s through case analysis for the purpose of evaluating the carbon emissions of renovated buildings from the perspective of the whole life cycle. In additional, the amount of carbon savings of each was analyzed through comparison with existing building.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.125-126
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• 2022

As environmental problems around the world become serious, Korea has also raised the greenhouse gas reduction in the building sector to 32.8% compared to 2018, and efforts to reduce carbon in buildings are expanding. Recently, research is being actively conducted to reduce carbon in the long term by expanding the scope of greenhouse gas indirect emissions (Scope3), and even within the domestic Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design(G-SEED) by quantitatively evaluating the environmental impact of buildings during the entire life cycle. However, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the carbon emission of the transportation process by assuming the material transport distance in the evaluation of the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA). Therefore, in this study, the main building materials of the building were selected through case evaluation and the carbon emission of the material transport process was derived based on the actual transport distance, and this was compared and analyzed with the theoretical LCA results.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.183-186
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• 2010

Advanced Railway countries are developing technologies of production and management for low-carbon and green growth of their railway industry to hold a dominant position under post-Tokyo protocol regime through integrated approach which uses environmental quantitative analysis of train life cycle by using LCA(Life Cycle Assessment). On the contrary, Korea railroad industry attempts to make an environmental improvement only for using regenerative energy and improvement in operating energy consumption through adapting reduction weight of material technology and etc. without systematic environmental analysis approaches such as comparing and analyzing energy consumption as well as GHG emission in each life cycle stages of train. Therefore, In this paper, low-carbon management and comprehensive environmental improvement for sustainable development of Korea railway industry through analyzing the result of life cycle analysis in abroad are suggested.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2010

The world is moving towards a post-carbon society and needs clean and renewable energy for sustainable development. There are many methodological approaches which are helping this shift based on analyzed data about energy resources and which focus on limited types of energy including liquid fossil, solid fossil, gaseous fossil, and biomass (e.g. IPCC Guidelines, ISO 14064-1, WRI Protocol, etc.). We should also consider environmental impact (e.g. greenhouse gas emissions, water use, etc.) and the economic cost of the renewable energy to make a better decision. Recently, researchers have addressed the environmental impact of new technologies which include photovoltaics, wind turbines, hydroelectric power, and biofuel. In this work, we analyze the environmental impact with a carbon emission factor to present a correlation between $CO_2$ emission and the cost of energy resources standardized by the energy output. In addition, we reviewed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as another methodology. Researchers who are studying energy systems have ignored the impacts of entire energy systems, e.g. the extraction and processing of fossil fuels. In power sector, the assessment should include extraction, processing, and transportation of fuels, building of power plants, production of electricity, and waste disposal. Therefore LCA could be more suitable tool for energy cost and environmental impact estimation.

• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2013

The Korean government recently has rediscovered the potential value of Han-Ok, the Korean traditional house, as an eco-friendly building. In order to objectively verify the environmental performance of Han-Ok as a low carbon green building, this paper suggests the analysis method of GHG emission load of Korean traditional house, based on Life Cycle Assessment, which is commonly abbreviated to "LCA". The environmental impacts caused by building construction and operation can be analyzed through the sum of input and output data from every phase. The study particularly describes the GHG reduction effect by using traditional building materials such as wood products, traditional clay roof tiles, and mud, which are mainly used to construct Han-Ok. Also the study proposes the method for comparative analysis of quantity of GHG emissions in building's entire life cycle so that the data can be used as a reliable basis to optimize the environmental performance of building.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.79-88
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• 2013

This study creates the evaluation criteria to analyze the $CO_2$ emission quantity in the complex of apartment house among domestic buildings and proposes how to calculate the $CO_2$ emission quantity by the only simple information of apartment house. The study shows that in order to create the index of carbon emission evaluation criteria, $CO_2$ emission quantity for its input materials in these 27 apartment houses are 445,412g-$CO_2/m^2$ for apartment building, 474,322g-$CO_2/m^2$ for the basement parking lot, 483,523g-$CO_2/m^2$ for welfare facility, 729,957g-$CO_2/m^2$ for sales facility, 743,560g-$CO_2/m^2$ for other facility, 26,782g-$CO_2/m^2$ for public facility, 43,659g-$CO_2/m^2$ for landscape, 1,113g-$CO_2/m^2$ for indoor facility, 11,251g-$CO_2/m^2$ for outdoor facility and 891g-$CO_2/m^2$ for common temporary based on the average $CO_2$ emission by facility. We can also see the analysis data that in case of using the selected factors only, the rate of error is 7.51% comparing with the emission quantity by using simplified LCA method this study suggests for the whole range of apartment houses and the rate of error is average 3.24% using selective and main materials. And this it is evaluated that we can get the result which is similar to the actual $CO_2$ emission quantity with only the simple information about the apartment house.