• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.653-664
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• 2013

The design of computer-based instrumentation and control (I&C) systems is determined by the allocation of I&C functions to I&C systems and components. Due to the characteristics of computer-based technology, component failures can negatively affect several I&C functions, so that the reliability proof of the I&C systems requires the accomplishment of I&C system design analyses throughout the I&C life-cycle. On one hand, this paper proposes the restructuring of the sequential IEC 61513 I&C life-cycle according to the V-model, so as to adequately integrate the concept of verification and validation. On the other hand, based on a metamodel for the modeling of I&C systems, this paper introduces a method for the modeling and analysis of the effects with respect to the superposition of failure combinations and event sequences on the I&C system design, i.e. the temporal change of physical structure is analyzed. In the first step, the method is concerned with the modeling of the I&C systems. In the second step, the method considers the analysis of temporal change of physical structure, which integrates the concepts of the diversity and defense-in-depth analysis, fault tree analysis, event tree analysis, and failure mode and effects analysis.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.26-47
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• 2014

The paper examined effect of age cohort on life cycle financial planning. A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed with a 55.2% return rate. Seven hypotheses were analysed using hierarchical and ordinary regression analysis. The results revealed that age cohort variables made significant contribution to life cycle financial planning as well as personal orientation towards retirement planning, particularly the younger age cohort. Age cohorts do affect personal orientation towards retirement planning with the confidence level making a significant impact. Current financial resources do have a strong positive impact on consumption for all age cohorts. On the other hand, no significant effect was found between age cohorts and current financial resources but older age cohorts were relatively more significant predictors. The implication was that not only should their individual perceptions of financial planning become an increasingly important part of people's long-term commitment throughout their life-cycle, it must also assume the role as a self-directed life-long learning process, in view of the ever-changing and complicated financial environment.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.123-129
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to provide the fundamental data for the effective housing remodeling plan. Through the questionnaire survey, the actual conditions of remodeling in apartment housing were investigated. And as the result of statistic analysis, the relationships between characteristics of remodeling and building life-cycle, and family life-stage, were found out. The major findings of this study are as follows; 1) Most of apartment residents have remodeled the family living space and private living space. In detail, they performed remodeling frequently the change of finishing materials, facilities and equipments, and the change of the location of curtain wall ＆ storage fixtures. 2) It might be predicted that the building life-cycle was influential variable to predict apartment residents' remodeling. Therefore, in planning the support service for the remodeling, the building life-cycle should be taken into consideration.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to identify the problems in the consumption life of household over the family life cycle so that they would support to select the consumer education subjects and the establish the long-term household plan. For these purposes, a survey was conducted using questionnaire. The data used in this study included 562 homemakers living in Seoul. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency distribution, Mean, Percentile, One-way Anova, Scheffie-test, Multiple Classification Analysis. Major findings were as follows; 1) In the level of the problems in the consumption life of household, housing problem, durable goods problem, healthy-medical problem and child education problem area were in the low level. Leisure problem and properties management problem area were in the high level. 2) The problems in the consumption life of household differed significantly over the family life cycle. 3) When controlling family monthly income and education level of husband was compared with not-controlling them, the influences of family life cycle on the problems in the consumption life were as follows. (1)At housing problem area, the effect of the FLC was higher in controlling them than not-controlling them. (2) At other problems the effects of the FLC was lower or same in controlling them than not-controlling them.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1076-1080
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• 2009

An analysis of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is to evaluate the system through the total cost accounting during the total life cycle. Railway system has problem that abundant capital has to be utilized efficiently because railway system is a combined system such as power supply, machines, electric signals. Especially, Magnetic Levitation Train needs high technique and more study about the Life Cycle cost by using the system being developed currently in Korea. Therefore, the Modeling of Life Cycle Cost for Magnetic Levitation Train is proposed considering the tendency of the studies in other countries.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2011

International cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is expected to provide a big crisis and a great opportunity at the same time for our industry that heavily consumes energy. To cope actively with the international environmental regulation, such as the Framework Convention on Climate Change, quantitative measurement of the volume of greenhouse gases emitted by various industries and quantitative prediction of the greenhouse gas emissions of the future are becoming more important than anything else at the national level. This study aims to propose the calculation process of carbon dioxide($CO_2$) emission for building in life cycle. This paper describes and compares 9 different tool for environmental load estimation with LCA. This study proposed the calculation process for quantitatively predicting and assessing $CO_2$ emissions during the life cycle of buildings based on the life cycle assessment(LCA). The life cycle steps of buildings were divided into the design/supervision, new construction, repair, renovation, use of operating energy in buildings, maintenance, and reconstruction stage in the life cycle inventory analysis and the method of assessing the environmental load in each stage was proposed.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.185-202
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• 2000

Uncertainty and variability in Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) have been significant key issues in LCA methodology with techniques in other research area such as social and political science. Variability is understood as stemming from inherent variations in the real world, while uncertainty comes from inaccurate measurements, lack of data, model assumptions, etc. Related articles in this issues were reviewed for classification, distinguish and elaboration of probabilistic/stochastic health risk analysis application in LCA. Concept of focal zone, streamlining technique, scenario modelling and Monte Carlo/Latin Hypercube risk analysis were applied to the uncertainty/variability analysis of health risk in LCA. These results show that this general framework of multi-disciplinary methodology between probabilistic health risk assessment and LCA was of benefit to decision making process by suppling information about input/output data sensitivity, health effect priority and health risk distribution. There should be further research needs for case study using this methodology.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.121-133
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological wellbeing as applied to the bioecological family life welfare model, concerning individual attributes, family backgrounds, and family processes across the family life cycles. Based on Bronfenbrenner's bioecological perspective, the "bioecological family welfare model", which includes person (individual attributes), context (family background), process (mechanism - family process), and time (the family life cycles), was applied as a research paradigm for this study. The sample for the questionnaire study comprised for 900 families, considering the family life cycle in Busan and the Kyungnam area. The families were categorized into 6 family life cycles based on Duvall and Hill's family life cycle. For the final analysis, 628 families were used. According to the path analysis results, the length of commitment before marriage and self-esteem had significant effects on the stress coping ability. Several individual attributes and family backgrounds such as age, length of marriage, family life cycle, self-esteem and stress coping ability had significant effects on marital adjustment. The family life cycle and age were significant variables on family function. The significant variables on psychological wellbeing were monthly income, length of commitment before marriage, stress coping ability and marital adjustment. The regression model showed that the variables of the individual attributes, context and family process accounted for 51% of the psychological wellbeing. The results show that the suggested research model was significant and effective to explain the mechanism of psychological wellbeing. Individual attributes and family context have an impact on stress coping, marital adjustment, and family function, which in turn affect psychological wellbeing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.1883-1888
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• 2000

In this paper a computer aided analysis method is proposed for durability assessment in the early design stages using dynamic analysis, stress analysis and fatigue life prediction method. From dynamic analysis of a vehicle suspension system, dynamic load time histories of a suspension component are calculated. From the dynamic load time histories and the stress of the suspension component, a dynamic stress time history at the critical location is produced using the superposition principle. Using linear damage law and cycle counting method, fatigue life cycle is calculated. The predicted fatigue life cycle is verified by experimental durability tests.

• IE interfaces
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 2005

This paper is concerned with the life-cycle cost(LCC) of the urban transit system which was developed by KRRI and is now under test in Gyeongsan, Korea. Its reliability, availability and maintainability(RAM) were analyzed. LCC is the core part of analyzing the total cost of acquisition and ownership of a system. LCC analysis of a system is the most effective when it is applied in the it's early design phase. In this paper, we present IEC 60300-3-3(Life Cycle Costing) in detail and propose how to apply LCC in assessing the urban transit system according to RAM process. This case study demonstrates that reliability management system is very effective in reducing the operating cost of subway corporations in Korea.