• 무역학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.71-89
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• 2020

This study was carried out to identify the impact of EU GDPR on international trade amid the ongoing digital trade liberalization. To do this, we first looked at the current trend of digital trade liberalization, the role of data in it, and the trade-restrictive elements of EU GDPR. This allowed us to identify the negative impact of GDPR on free trade. It then conducted an interview survey on Korean companies operating in the EU to verify the conclusions reached. The result of this survey showed that the level of GDPR risk perceived by Korean firms was very low compared with those of American, Japanese and Chinese firms. In particular, the impact of GDPR is not clear for Korea's SMEs. It can be assumed that the reason for this is that Korean SMEs are not using data as a major business tool while the capability of SMEs is sufficient to cope with GDPR. In this regard, the government's appropriate policies and further research for SMEs are needed.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2013

본 논문은 세계화가 우리나라 제조업 사업체의 성장과 양극화에 미친 영향을 살펴본 것이다. 본 논문은 먼저 이론적으로 세계화가 성장 및 양극화에 미치는 영향 및 그 구체적 메커니즘을 최근 이질적 기업의 무역이론들을 중심으로 논의하고, 나아가 관련 실증적 증거들이 존재하는지를 살펴보았다. 이를 통하여 본 논문은 세계화가 1990년대 이후 우리나라 제조업 사업체의 생산성 향상뿐 아니라 기업 간 생산성 및 숙련도별 임금 양극화 모두를 초래한 공통적 원인으로 작용하였음을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 최근 세계화된 경제환경하에서 왜 극소수의 대기업만이 특출한 성과를 나타내고 있는지를 이해하는 데 도움이 된다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 세계화의 부작용을 줄이고 그 편익을 보다 많은 기업들이 누릴 수 있도록 하기 위한 정책방향을 제시한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

In this paper, based on the reference, we try to review the second issues about opening medical market and health care privatization by each topic and propose the measures and alternatives. Currently, in Korea, connection with launch of the WTO system and force of the FTA, the medical industries getting liberalization and globalization. Thus, it is expected to plunge to full-free competition system, and Korean medical institutions started the global competition which completely different dimension. It means that according to the liberalization of the healthcare market the real problem can be caused and also, the incessant discussion and effort for the implementation of international community are needed. Regard to attracting foreign patients and opening medical markets, the government also spreading the continued advancement strategy politically until now. However, generating problems with implication is inevitable and measures and alternatives to it are also needed. In accordance with the opening, the accompanying suggestions is medical privatization, that is, whether the health care pursue the profit not the not-for-profit and the current hospitals in Korea they are leaved as non-profit hospitals and let the make the subsidiary as general commercial enterprises, it seems indirect. However, it is like a healthcare privatization virtually thus, implication seem be large. Of course, through the public opinion and legal reservation, the liberalization and privatization of medical market can be delayed or not forced. It would be not fit in the flow of the inevitable globalization, it can be inhibited national interest and economic development also, and it can be the critical implications which shake the health system and collapse of the domestic health care market.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.155-204
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• 2012

This study maps out the degree of liberalization of trade in services under four ASEAN+n frameworks. After constructing a database showing the existence of limitations on market access and/or national treatment by each service sector, the study finds that the commitment level differs greatly between sensitive and less sensitive sectors, and that the commitment level under the ASEAN Framework Agreement (AFAS) is the highest among the four FTAs studied. It also finds that there are cross-country and sector-wide similarities in the pattern of service sector commitment under and across each of the FTAs; this implies that the shared domestic sensitivities can be overcome by a shared economic cooperation scheme for enhancing competitiveness in the ASEAN+n region.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-40
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• 1996

This year marks the full liberalization(i.e., opening up) of the Korean distribution market to foreign firms. Therefore, we are likely to see much activity by foreign retailers who will be entering the Korean market and indigenous retailers trying to depend their current market positions. The liberalization of Korean distribution market will undoubtedly lead to some erosion of market share of indigenous retailers, but the benefits of rationalization of distribution, stable consumer prices, strengthened competitiveness of indigenous retailers far outweigh the costs. With liberalization, we are likely to see increased growth of "New Modes of Retailing(NMR)." In this paper, I describe the distinguishing characteristics of NMR as economies of scale, self service, large physical facilities, low-to-medium price, and systemization. I also describe the similarities and differences between the various types of NMR. Finally, I describe the fit between the various forms of NMR and the Korean consumer environment.vironment.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.65-86
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• 1993

In this paper, fishery economics is reviewed to extend a basic opportunity for developing new fishery economics and to evaluate the effects of the import liberalization on the fish trade structure of Korea. The principle outline of extensions emphasis to realize the modern fishery problems based on fishery economics and develop the practical methodology in order to analyze the impacts of the import liberalization on the fishery and fishermen welfare. During the process of export - oriented industrilization, the role and position of fishery in the economy is changed dynamically. When faced with the imperative of the role and position of fishery in the economy, fishery economists and domestic policy makers must decide how to organize themselves for solving fishery problems under the new regime in the import liberalization on the fish trade. Fishery problems impacted by the new regime can not be solved by fishery itself but be solved by the centralized efforts of all contributors in national views. Therefore the new systematic analytical methodology must be develop and the traditional fishery economics must be related to the regional development strategy and fishery sociology as subsidiary theories specialized. Due to the impacts of the import liberalization on the fish trade structure, fishery economists face with radical changes in the domestic fishery : a place of the resources harvest to place of the combination resource harvest and its demand, a fishing as a resource exploitation to a fishing as a resource management, a traditional small scale costal fishing to a modernized and scaled fishing, fishery using the given natural resource itself to fishery as technology intensive industry, and a food supply industry to a welfare indusry based on the regional and economic resource and social environment. As these changes, fishery and its community's regional and economic resource and social environments as multiple roles of the regional economic development are emphasized in fishery economics under the new regime in the import liberalization on the fish trade. Furthermore, domestic policy makers and administrators in a public sector must realize the above radical changing trends in fishery and understand a social and economic environment in fishery and develop a new fishery structure focusing on the fishing system and the fishery laws. As this point, they make efforts to improve and develop fishery as a food supply industry. Japan, for example, has a non - governmental organization to conflict the problem of international fishery such as a movement of a civil environmental protection. Also fishermen in Japan already realized conservation and pollution problems in fishing as fundamental issues of human being.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.125-151
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• 1990

본고(本稿)는 경제자유화(經濟自由化)의 대표적 사례(事例)로 일컬어지는 남미(南美) 자유화과정(自由化過程)을 살펴보고 몇가지 교훈(敎訓)을 도출해 보고자 함에 목적이 있다. 칠레, 아르헨티나, 우르과이의 남미(南美) 3국(國)은 각기 서로 다른 과정(過程)을 밟아 경제자유화(經濟自由化)를 이룩하려고 하였는데 실제로 무역(貿易) 및 자본시장(資本市場)의 개방(開放)을 추진하여 자원배분(資源配分)의 실효성(實效性)을 높이려면 국내거시경제상황의 안정(安定)이 필수적임을 각국(各國)의 경험(經驗)이 보여주고 있다. 우선 재정(財政) 통화정책(通貨政策)의 안정(安定) 없이는 무역(貿易) 자본시장(資本市場)의 개방(開放)이 오히려 국내경제(國內經濟)를 불안하게 한다. 재정적자(財政赤字)는 실질이자율(實質利子率)을 올리거나 실질평가절상(實質平價切上)을 유발하여 이 경우 자본시장(資本市場)이 개방되면 오히려 국내경제불안이 가중된다. 둘째, 구매력평가설(購買力評價設)과 이자율평가설(利子率平價設)에 기초한 통화론적(通貨論的) 안정화정책(安定化政策)은 각국(各國)에 내재한 여러가지 구조적(構造的) 요인(要因)으로 이론에 걸맞는 성과(成果)를 거두기 어려우며 오히려 자유화과정(自由化過程)에서 실질환율(實質換率)과 실질이자율(實質利子率)의 불안정(不安定)을 초래한다. 마지막으로 경제자유화(經濟自由化)의 순서(順序)와 속도(速度)는 정치(政治) 경제적(經濟的) 상황(狀況)에 따라 달라지며 이론적(理論的) 실증적(實證的)으로 최적(最適)의 자유화계획(自由化計劃)을 결정할 수 없다. 그러나 무역자유화(貿易自由化) 및 자본자유화(資本自由化)를 순차적으로 추진하면서 실질환율(實質換率)과 실질이자율(實質利子率)의 안정(安定)에 유의하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2006

This paper presents one possible approach for liberalization of the radio spectrum based around spectrum usage rights (SURs) which are technology and usage neutral. This is challenging technically because of the complexity of defining rights which are flexible and technology-neutral while retaining sufficient safeguards against interference. The work presented here is part of an ongoing process of defining and testing SURs. Of com is currently considering SURs, though is not committed to implementing them at this stage, and will issue further discussion documents on this area in due course.

• 전기저널
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• 8호통권92호
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• pp.20-24
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• 1984

• 노동경제논집
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.25-57
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• 2014

산업별 자료에 기초하여 무역거래 자유화 확대가 고용조정의 속도와 고용의 임금탄력성에 미치는 효과를 분석한 결과, 고용조정 속도는 취업자 기준보다 피고용자 기준의 경우가 좀 더 빠르게 나타나며, 수입 비율이 높은 산업들에서 수출 비율이 높은 산업들에 비해서 좀 더 빠르게 나타난다. 또한 경제개방의 확대는 피고용자 기준으로 볼 때 고용조정 속도를 조금씩 느리게 만들고 있으며 이는 주로 수출 비율 상승에 의해 주도된다. 고용의 임금탄력성은 경제개방률이나 수출 비율이 높을수록 상승하여 '고용 없는 성장(jobless growth)'의 환경이 강화되고 있다.