• 한국세라믹학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국세라믹학회 2003년도 추계총회 및 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.163.2-163
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• 2003

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.240-244
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• 2001

Recycling process involving mechanical, thermal, hydrometallurgical, and sol-gel step has been applied to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium ion batteries and to synthesize LiCoO$_2$from leach liquor as cathodic active materials. Electrode materials containing lithium and cobalt could be concentrated with 2-step thermal and mechanical treatment. Leaching behaviors of the lithium and cobalt in nitric acid media was investigated in terms of reaction variables. Hydrogen peroxide in 1 M HNO$_3$solution turned out to be an effective reducing agent by enhancing the leaching efficiency. O f many possible processes to produce LiCoO$_2$, the amorphous citrate precursor process (ACP) has been applied to synthesize powders with a large specific surface area and an exact stoichiometry. After leaching used LiCoO$_2$with nitric acid, the molar ratio of Li/Co in the leach liquor was adjusted at 1.1 by adding a fresh LiNO$_3$solution. Then, 1 M citric acid solution at a 100% stoichiometry was also added to prepare a gelatinous precursor. When the precursor was calcined at 95$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr, purely crystalline LiCoO$_2$was successfully obtained. The particle size and specific surface area of the resulting crystalline powders were 20 пm and 30 $\textrm{cm}^2$/g, respectively The LiCoO$_2$powder was proved to have good characteristics as cathode active materials in charge/discharge capacity and cyclic performance.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 1998

1M LiPF_6/EC:DME(1:1) 전해질 용액에서 시간-전위차법, 순환 전압-전류법, 시간-전류법 , 그리고 임피던스법을 이용하여 리튬 이온 전지의 충방전 용량을 조사하였고 초기 충전과정에서 용매 분해로 형성된 필름의 영향을 알아보았다. 충 방전 결과에 따르면, 1 M $LiPF_6/EC:DME$를 이용한 반쪽전지의 초기 비가역 용량은 상당히 크게 나타났다 이러한 비가역 용량은 대부분 용매 분해에 의한 것으로 해석되었으며, 용매 분해로 인하여 MPCF전극 표면에 필름이 형성되었다. 초기 충전과정에서 형성된 필름은 방전과정에서 산화되지 않았으며 2번째 충전부터 용매 분해는 더 이상 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 초기 충전과정에서 EC:DME용매속의 Li이 MPCF층 속으로 삽입될 때 용매와 함께 삽입됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 삽입이 진행될 때 MPCF표면의 입자들이 박리되고, 박리된 입자들과 용매 분해 생성물들이 서로 섞여 필름을 형성하므로써 필름의 저항은 크게 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.783-786
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• 2009

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ion chromatography(IC) were employed to analyze the thermal behavior of $Li_xCoO_2$ cathode material of lithium ion battery. The mass loss peaks appearing between 60 and 125 ${^{\circ}C}$ in TGA and the exothermic peaks with 4.9 and 7.0 J/g in DSC around 75 and 85 ${^{\circ}C}$ for the $Li_xCoO_2$ cathodes of 4.20 and 4.35 V cells are explained based on disruption of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. Low temperature induced HF formation through weak interaction between organic electrolyte and LiF is supposed to cause carbonate film disruption reaction, $Li_2CO_3\;+\;2HF{\rightarrow}\;2LiF\;+\;CO_2\;+\;H_2O$. The different spectral DSC/TGA pattern for the cathode of 4.5 V cell has also been explained. Presence of ionic carbonate in the cathode has been identified by ion chromatography and LiF reported by early researchers has been used for explaining the film SEI disruption process. The absence of mass loss peak for the cathode washed with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) implies ionic nature of the film. The thermal behavior above 150 ${^{\circ}C}$ has also been analyzed and presented.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2018

In this study, an experiment is performed to recover the Li in $Li_2CO_3$ phase from the cathode active material NMC ($LiNiCoMnO_2$) in waste lithium ion batteries. Firstly, carbonation is performed to convert the LiNiO, LiCoO, and $Li_2MnO_3$ phases within the powder to $Li_2CO_3$ and NiO, CoO, and MnO. The carbonation for phase separation proceeds at a temperature range of $600^{\circ}C{\sim}800^{\circ}C$ in a $CO_2$ gas (300 cc/min) atmosphere. At $600{\sim}700^{\circ}C$, $Li_2CO_3$ and NiO, CoO, and MnO are not completely separated, while Li and other metallic compounds remain. At $800^{\circ}C$, we can confirm that LiNiO, LiCoO, and $Li_2MnO_3$ phases are separated into $Li_2CO_3$ and NiO, CoO, and MnO phases. After completing the phase separation, by using the solubility difference of $Li_2CO_3$ and NiO, CoO, and MnO, we set the ratio of solution (distilled water) to powder after carbonation as 30:1. Subsequently, water leaching is carried out. Then, the $Li_2CO_3$ within the solution melts and concentrates, while NiO, MnO, and CoO phases remain after filtering. Thus, $Li_2CO_3$ can be recovered.

• 폴리머
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.886-892
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• 2000

폴리비닐페놀 (PVPh)을 LiOH로 중화시켜 중화도가 다른 여러 종류의 PVPh 이오노머 (PVPh-Li)를 제조하였다. 중화도에 따른 PVPh-Li의 $T_{g}$ 변화를 DSC로 측정한 결과 Li mol% 당 3.$8^{\circ}C$의 $T_{g}$ 증가가 관찰되었으며 유사한 구조를 지닌 poly(styrene-co-hydroxy styrene)의 3.$2^{\circ}C$ 증가에 비해 높은 수치이다. 이는 중화되지 않은 -OH가 -OLi와 강한 상호작용을 하기 때문인 것으로 생각되며, 이러한 상호작용으로 인해 -OLi 끼리의 클러스터 형성이 어려워져 소각X선산란 실험에서도 뚜렷한 피크가 관찰되지 않았다. 제조된 PVPh-Li를 PVPh와 블렌드시 50/50 조성의 경우 중화도가 10 mo1%인 PVPh-Li와 혼합되어도 상분리를 관찰할 수 없었으나, 폴리메틸메타크릴레이트 (PMMA)와 블렌드시 중화도가 5 mol%인 PVPh-Li가 혼합되면 거대 상분리를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이로부터 수소결합으로 인해 혼화성이 있는 블렌드라 하더라도 한 성분을 이오노머를 변환할 경우 새로운 강한 분자간 이온-다이폴 상호작용이 생성되지 않는 한, 아주 낮은 정도만 이오노머로 변환되어도 혼화성이 급격히 감소해 상분리가 관찰됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.167-170
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• 1995

LiCoO$_2$is a electrode material of Li ion Cell which is expected as the cell with a very high electric charge density. The recent study is mainly to focused on a high power secondary cell. If very thin Li ion Cell can be made in the scale of IC substrate it can be a electric souse in IC chip , micro machine or very thin electrical display etc. LiCoO$_2$thin film can be made by CVD, Laser ablation, E-Beam, ton Beam process, sputtering etc. But to make the material with a high quality for a cell is difficult as the electrode in cell have the fitable ratio in components and a lattice structure of bulk etc. In this study, LiCoO$_2$is made by R.F magnetron sputtering with the variance of substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure etc. In the substrate temperature of 600$^{\circ}C$ and the oxygen rate of 10%, we can acquire the good thin film LiCoO$_2$compared wish a bulk material.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.125-128
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• 2007

In these recent years, low cost and stable battery electrode materials have been studied for HV/HEV application. Spinel cathode material $LiMn_2O_4$ is widely studied as a promising cathode material of lithium ion secondary batteries because of it is low cost, easily to be prepared and capable to be operated in high voltage range. In this study, $LiMn_2O_4$ was undergoing surface modification with spinel lithium titanium oxide by sol-gel method in order to enhance its capacity retention. Properties of both unmodified and surface-modified $LiMn_2O_4$ were characterized by XRD, SEM, particle size analyzer while their cycling performance was tested with charge and discharge tester.

• 멤브레인
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2022

최근 전기자동차용 이차전지 등의 수요가 급증하면서 효율적인 리튬 화합물의 생산이 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 바이폴라막 전기투석은 친환경적이며 경제성 및 효율성이 우수한 전기화학적 리튬 화합물 생산공정으로 알려져 있다. 바이폴라막 전기투석 공정의 효율은 바이폴라막의 성능에 의해 좌우되기 때문에 바이폴라막의 선택이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 세계적으로 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 대표적인 상용 BPM인 Astom사의 BP-1E 및 Fumatech사의 FBM을 비교 분석함으로써 전기화학적 LiOH 생산을 위한 BPED 공정에 적합한 BPM의 특성을 도출하고자 하였다. 체계적인 평가를 통해 BPM의 특성중 막의 이온전달저항 및 co-ion leakage를 줄이는 것이 가장 중요하고 이러한 관점에서 BP-1E가 FBM보다 더 우수한 성능을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2024

Ni-rich cathode is one of the promising candidates for high-energy lithium-ion battery applications. Due to its specific capacity, easy industrialization, and good circulation ability, Ni-rich cathode materials have been widely used for lithium-ion batteries. However, due to the limitation of the co-precipitation method, including sewage pollution, and the instability of the long production cycles, developing a new efficient and environmentally friendly synthetic approach is critical. In this study, the Ni_0.91Co_0.06Mn_0.03CO₃ precursor powder was successfully synthesized by an efficient spray-drying method using carbonate compounds as a raw material. This Ni_0.91Co_0.06Mn_0.03CO₃ precursor was calcined by mixing with LiOH·H₂O (5 wt% excess) at 480℃ for 5 hours and then sintered at two different temperatures (780℃/800℃) for 15 hours under an oxygen atmosphere to complete the cathode active material preparation, which is a key component of lithium-ion batteries. As a result, LiNi_0.91Co_0.06Mn_0.03O₂ cathode active material powders were obtained successfully via a simple sintering process on the Ni_0.91Co_0.06Mn_0.03CO₃ precursor powder. Furthermore, the obtained LiNi_0.91Co_0.06Mn_0.03O₂ cathode active material powders were characterized. Overall, the material sintered at 780℃ shows superior electrochemical performance by delivering a discharge capacity of 190.76 mAh/g at 1^st cycle (0.1 C) and excellent capacity retention of 66.80% even after 50 cycles.