• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.138-148
• /
• 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNA molecules best known for their function in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Immunologically, miRNA regulates the differentiation and function of immune cells and its malfunction contributes to the development of various autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Over the last decade, accumulating researches provide evidence for the connection between dysregulated miRNA network and autoimmunity. Interruption of miRNA biogenesis machinery contributes to the abnormal T and B cell development and particularly a reduced suppressive function of regulatory T cells, leading to systemic autoimmune diseases. Additionally, multiple factors under autoimmune conditions interfere with miRNA generation via key miRNA processing enzymes, thus further skewing the miRNA expression profile. Indeed, several independent miRNA profiling studies reported significant differences between SLE patients and healthy controls. Despite the lack of a consistent expression pattern on individual dysregulated miRNAs in SLE among these studies, the aberrant expression of distinct groups of miRNAs causes overlapping functional outcomes including perturbed type I interferon signalling cascade, DNA hypomethylation and hyperactivation of T and B cells. The impact of specific miRNA-mediated regulation on function of major immune cells in lupus is also discussed. Although research on the clinical application of miRNAs is still immature, through an integrated approach with advances in next generation sequencing, novel tools in bioinformatics database analysis and new in vitro and in vivo models for functional evaluation, the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of miRNAs may bring to fruition in the future.

• 동양고전연구
• /
• 제34호
• /
• pp.167-206
• /
• 2009

본고는 금영작(金永爵)이 중국 문인들로부터 받은 편지를 모아놓은 척독집 "중조학사서한록(中朝學士書翰錄)"을 새로 발굴하고 소개한 글로, 정공수(程恭壽), 옹학함(翁學涵), 장병염(張丙炎), 소언한(少言翰)과 자렴함(子廉銜), 이문원(李文源) 등이 김영작에게 보낸 편지 10통, 조정황(趙廷璜)이 김영작의 아들 김홍집(金弘集)에게 보낸 편지 1통 및 시(詩) 5수가 수록되어 있다. 김영작은 많은 중국 문인들과 직접 또는 간접적인 교유를 진행하였다. 그는 연행을 갔다 온 친구 홍양후(洪良厚)의 소개로 중국 문인 이백형(李伯衡), 수방울(帥方蔚)과 편지를 주고받으며 30여 년간 간접적인 교유를 진행하였다. 1858년에는 동지사(冬至使)의 부사(副使)로 직접 북경에 가서 현지 중국 문사 섭명례(葉名澧), 장병염(張丙炎), 오곤전(吳昆田), 정공수(程恭壽), 조광(趙光) 등과 만나서 교유하고 귀국 후에도 지속적으로 척독교류를 진행하였다. 김영작은 학계에 별로 알려지지 않은 인물이나 한중 문화교류에서 빼놓을 수 없는 중요한 인물이다. 김영작이 생면부지의 중국 문사 이백형(李伯衡)과 수방울(帥方蔚)에게 먼저 편지를 보내어 교유를 청하였고 상대방 역시 흔쾌히 답장을 보내면서 평생 편지로만 문학적, 개인적 교류를 진행하였으며, 또한 김영작이 조선의 명문가의 사대부로서 연행사(燕行使)의 부사(副使)라는 높은 신분으로 중국 현지의 문사들과 친밀하게 교유할 수 있었던 것은 그만큼 한중 인사들의 마음이 열려있고 신뢰성과 친숙감이 전제되어 있다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 이는 홍대용을 비롯한 많은 선배 문인들의 교유의 전통이 있어 기초를 닦아놓았기에 가능했다. 이런 의미에서 19세기 후반 김영작과 중국 문사들의 교유는 중요한 의미를 지니며 그 사실을 보여주는 척독집 "중조학사서한록(中朝學士書翰錄)"도 중요한 자료적 가치를 갖고 있다. 다만 아쉬운 점은 "중조학사서한록(中朝學士書翰錄)"만으로는 김영작과 중국 문사들이 주고받은(교류의) 내용을 완전하게 파악할 수 없다는 자료적 한계를 갖고 있는 점이다. 앞으로 중국 측에 교유 기록이 남아있는 자료들을 더욱 많이 발굴해낼 것을 기대할 뿐이다.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.861-870
• /
• 2007

In this paper, under suitable conditions, we show that the new class of iterative process with errors introduced by Li et al converges strongly to the unique solution of the equation involving strongly accretive operators in real Banach spaces. Furthermore, we prove that it is equivalent to the classical Ishikawa iterative sequence with errors.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.1289-1298
• /
• 2016

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.2145-2148
• /
• 2012

Objective: This study concerns expression of PBK/TOPK during differentiation of HL-60 leukemic cells induced by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). Methods: Wright-Giemsa staining was performed to observe morphological changes in the HL-60 cells, and flow cytometry was used to assess the cell cycle and CD11b, CD14, CD13, and CD33 expression. PBK/TOPK levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Results: After treating HL60 cells with $5.1{\times}10^{-9}$ mmol/L of TPA for three days, the number of nitroblue-tetrazolium-positive cells and CD11b, CD13, and CD14 expression increased, whereas the PBK/TOPK levels decreased. Conclusions: TPA can inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation of HL60 cells of the granulocytic or monocytic lineage. PBK/TOPK expression was downregulated during this process, whereas the Pho-PBK/TOPK expression was increased.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권7호
• /
• pp.3239-3245
• /
• 2012

Gliomas are a group of heterogeneous primary central nervous system tumors. Hyperthermia has proven to be a potential therapeutic tool for cancers in the clinic. However, the molecular mechanisms of hyperthermia remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hyperthermia on the invasiveness in C6 glioma cells and related molecular pathways. Here our data show hyperthermia stimulated the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and decreased C6 glioma cell migration and invasive capability at 30, 60, 120 and 180 min; with increased spontaneous apoptosis in C6 glioma cells at 120 min. We also found mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK) protein expression to be increased and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) protein expression decreased. Based on the results, we conclude that hyperthermia alone reduced invasion of C6 glioma cells through stimulating TNF-${\alpha}$ signaling to activate apoptosis, enhancing P38 MAPK expression and inhibiting the NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway, a first report in C6 rat glioma cells.

• 전기의세계
• /
• 제54권8호
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2005

Briefly introduce the EE education nowadays in China. Instead of the narrow and deep educational plan of different specialties in the past, now emphasize more on the fundamental and basic courses given and the independent ability cultivated. Large amount of graduates with the BS, MS or PhD degree are welcomed local or abroad for the rapid development of advanced power industry in China.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
• /
• pp.82-82
• /
• 2004

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제15권1_2호
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2004

In this paper we consider the dual problems for multiobjective programming with generalized convex functions. We obtain the weak duality and the strong duality. At last, we give an equivalent relationship between saddle point and efficient solution in multiobjective programming.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제13권1_2호
• /
• pp.223-232
• /
• 2003

In this paper we investigate the oscillation of nonlinear differdntial equation with damping term. Some new oscillation criteria for the equation are obtained.