• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.445-450
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• 1998

In the present paper the effects of combined heat and mass transfer on the fin efficiency were calculated. Sector method was used for calculating the fin efficiency of the continuous fin. The parameter Lewis No. and C which describe the combined heat and mass transfer is derived by using the heat and mass transfer analogy and effects of Lewis No. and C on the fin efficiencies were calculated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.140-144
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• 1987

The effect of Lewis acids on spectroscopic properties and photodimerization of coumarin and 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin was investigated. Quantum yields of coumarin photodimerization increase in the presence of $BF_3{\cdot}OEt_2$ but those of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin decrease. The spectroscopic properties of the coumarin-$BF_3{\cdot}OEt_2$ and 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin-$BF_3{\cdot}OEt_2$ complexes were studied by UV, IR, $^1H$ NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.150.2-151
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• 2003

We have focused on various biological activities of acharan sulfate (AS) isolated from the giant African snail Achatina fulica. In a previous study, AS showed antiangiogenic and immunomodulating activity. We also investigated antitumor activity of AS. In vitro AS had no cytotoxicity within 0 to 200 ug/ml in tumor cells such as Lewis lung carcinoma(LLC) , KM1214 (human colon cancer cell) and Caki-1 (human kidney cancer cell) by both MTT and SRB assay. In vivo AS was used to treat C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC by subscutaneous injection. (omitted)

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 1999

Monolayer thick fluorocarbon films were characterized by the contact angle measurements. The contact angles of three different liquids, water, formamide and diiodomethane were measured on spun coated, vapor phased deposited films and Teflon surface. The highest contact angle over $130^{\circ}$was observed on fluorocarbon films deposited on Al substrates while the lowest angles below $70^{\circ}$deposited on oxide. The surface energies were calculated based on Lewis acid /base theory. The surface energies of Teflon and spin coated FC films were calculated to have 18 and 8.4 dynes /cm, respectively. Higher energies of 31 to .35 dynes /cm were calculated on vapor phase deposited films on silicon and oxide. However vapor phase deposited films on aluminum only showed a large Lewis base energy term. It might be explained by the surface roughness and heterogeneity as observed by dynamic contact angles and AFM measurements.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.501-510
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• 2020

Purpose: To develop a probability-based differential diagnosis for pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) based on age and socioeconomic status of the country of origin. Methods: Comprehensive literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases was performed. Children 0-22 years of age who met PALF registry criteria were included. Articles included >10 children, and could not be a case report, review article, or editorial. No language filter was utilized, but an English abstract was required. Etiology of PALF, age of child, and country of origin was extracted from included articles. Results: 32 full text articles were reviewed in detail; 2,982 children were included. The top diagnosis of PALF in developed countries was acetaminophen toxicity (9.24%; 95% CredI 7.99-10.6), whereas in developing countries it was Hepatitis A (28.9%; 95% CredI 26.3-31.7). In developed countries, the leading diagnosis of PALF in children aged <1 year was metabolic disorder (17.2%; 95% CredI 10.3-25.5), whereas in developing countries it was unspecified infection (39.3%; CredI 27.6-51.8). In developed countries, the leading diagnosis in children aged >1 year was Non-A-B-C Hepatitis (8.18%; CredI 5.28-11.7), whereas in developing countries it was Hepatitis A (32.4%; CredI 28.6-36.3). Conclusion: The leading causes of PALF in children aged 0-22 years differ depending on the age and developmental status of their country of origin, suggesting that these factors must be considered in the evaluation of children with PALF.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.441-447
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• 1976

The infrared spectra obtained in the region of $4000∼1200 $cm^{-1}$ has been measured for pyridine, tertiary butylamine, and ethylenediamine adsorbed on various cation-exchanged silicates at various degassing temperature. It was possible to distinguish between protonic and aprotonic acid sites of all cation-exchanged silicates which exhibited both Bronsted and Lewis acidity. The sodium form appeared to be the least reactive towards adsorbates. The relative ratio of the band intensities of tertiary butylamine was directly related to the polarizing power of exchanged cations. Ethylenediamine was less easily desorbed from silicate surface than tertiary butylamine due to the additional amino group to react with surface active site, and probably to form ether hydrogen bond with surface oxgen by liberating migrating proton besides the coordination bond with Lewis acid site and the formation of$NH3^+$ species with Bronsted acid site.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.313-316
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• 2012

Until now, 53 species belonging to 22 genera of 6 subfamily of family Histeridae have been recorded in Korea. As a result of this study, we newly add two subfamily, three genera, and three species, Niponius osorioceps Lewis, 1885, Plegaderus (Plegaderus) marseuli Reitter, 1877, and Trypeticus fagi (Lewis, 1884), to Korea along with a brief description and illustration of the diagnostic characters.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 1969

Added masses of two-dimensional cylinders of curvilinear-element sections with chines, which are similar to marked V character ship sections with either single or double chines, oscillating at high frequency in a free surface of an ideal fluid are calculated for both vertical and horizontal vibration by employing two particular two-parameter families of the conformal transformation. The numerical results are graphically presented in the forms of added mass coefficient curves in terms of the sectional area coefficient and the half beam-draft ratio together with the section contours derived with the employed transformations, and discussed in comparision with those of the Lewis forms and of straightline-element sections with single chine for vertical vibration, and, for horizontal vibration, with those of the Lewis forms.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 1999

Background: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can induce antitumor effects in vivo. This antitumor effect is associated with T cell infiltration but the effect of IL-12 on the steps of T cell migration into the tumor tissue has not been fully elucidated. This study focused on the effect of IL-12 on the tumor growth and the metastasis and on the expression of E-selectin, an adhesion molecule which is activated endothelial specific in its expression. In addition, we studied whether the expression of E-selectin is associated with the TNF-$\alpha$, a cytokine that its production is increased by IL-12 and has functions inducing a variety of adhesion molecules. Methods: Mice of C57BL/6 strain were injected with Lewis lung cancer cells followed by either IL-12, TNF-$\alpha$, or normal saline by intraperitoneal route. Twenty eight days after tumor cell inoculation, metastatic nodules of lung were enumerated and immunohistochemical staining of the subcutaneous tumors were performed with monoclonal antibodies to CD4, CD8, CD16, and E-selectin. In IL-12 treated mice, the subcutaneously implanted Lewis lung tumors were decreased in size and the metastases were also decreased in number compared to control mice. On tumor tissues, increased infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ cells were oberved in IL-12 treated mice compared to control mice. In control mice, E-selectin was absent on tumor vessels, but the expression of E-selectin was increased on tumor vessels of IL-12 treated mice. Administration of TNF-$\alpha$ increased not only the expression of E-selectin but also infiltrations of CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ cells on tumor tissues. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that IL-12 inhibits tumor growth and metastases through infiltrations of inflammatory cells in mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma and E-selectin may playa role in inflammatory cell recruitment on tumor tissue following IL-12 administration. Also, TNF-$\alpha$ may have a role as a mediator responsible for the IL-12 induced expression of E-selectin.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.301-319
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• 2002

In a recent paper, I have proposed an analysis concerning propositions and 'that'-clauses as a solution to Kripke's puzzle and other similar puzzles, which I now call 'the Indefinite Description Analysis of Belief Ascription Sentences.' I have listed some of the major advantages of this analysis besides its merit as a solution to the puzzles: it is amenable to the direct-reference theory of proper names; it does not nevertheless need to introduce Russellian (singular) propositions or any other new entities. David Lewis has constructed an interesting argument to refute this analysis. His argument seems to show that my analysis has an unwelcome consequence: if someone believes any proposition, then he or she should, ipso facto, believe any necessary (mathematical or logical) proposition (such as the proposition that 1 succeeds 0). In this paper, I argue that Lewis's argument does not pose a real threat to my analysis. All his argument shows is that we should not accept the assumption called 'the equivalence thesis': if two sentences are equivalent, then they express the same proposition. I argue that this thesis is already in trouble for independent reasons. Especially, I argue that if we accept the equivalence thesis then, even without my analysis, we can derive a sentence like 'Fred believes that 1 succeeds 0 and snow is white' from a sentence like 'Fred believes that snow is white.' The consequence mentioned above is not worse than this consequence.