• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.370-370
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• 2012

Feature size of Cu interconnects keep shrinking into several tens of nanometer level. For this reason, the Cu interconnects face challenging issues such as increase of electro-migration, line-width dependent electrical resistivity increase, and gap-filling difficulty in high aspect ratio structures. As the thickness of the Cu film decreases below 30 nm, the electrical resistivity is not any more constant, but rather exponential. Research on alloying with other elements have been started to inhibit such escalation in the electrical resistivity. A faint trace of Al added in Cu film by sputtering was reported to contribute to suppression of the increase of the electrical resistivity. From an industrial point of view, we introduced cyclic metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in order to control Al concentration in the Cu film more easily by controlling the delivery time ratio of Cu and Al precursors. The amount of alloying element could be lowered at level of below 1 at%. Process of the alloy formation was applied into gap-filling to evaluate the performance of the gap-filling. Voidless gap-filling even into high aspect ratio trenches was achieved. In-depth analysis will be discussed in detail.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.161-167
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• 2021

Nowadays, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are placed among the key components of the economy in both developed and developing countries. They are internationally known as the driving force based on their enormous contributions to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and generating new employment. They are generally presumed as the leader of environmental sustainability, economic prosperity, and innovation, particularly for the economy of developing countries such as Vietnam. However, SMEs have difficulty in raising capital, as well as access to credit. One of the reasons is that there are inadequacies in accounting information quality in SMEs as well as the provision of accounting information and accounting information confidentiality. The main objective of this study was to identify, evaluate, and measure the attributes of accounting information quality of SMEs in Hanoi. The study was based on a field survey using a semi-structured questionnaire on a sample of 150 accountants. The study has identified and measured six (6) attributes of accounting information quality of SMEs that have great effects on accountants. There is, statistically, no significant difference in the level of accounting information quality of SMEs in Hanoi from these different business areas. There is no, statistically, significant difference in the level of accounting information quality of SMEs in Hanoi between the mentioned three groups of the job description. Based on the findings, some recommendations are given for SMEs to improve accounting information quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.237-248
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• 2017

The estimation method of economical leakage management target utilized upon planning business for improvement of revenue water ratio in South Korea is presented and applicability of methods developed in this study is assessed through application on site. With a consideration of revenue water ratio in application target area, estimation method of long-term economical leakage management target is applied. Three leakage reduction methods such as replacement of residual aged pipe, leakage investigation and restoration and water pressure management are applied with a consideration of characteristics of site. Due to difficulty of obtaining data, analysis of cost/benefit by leakage reduction methods is performed by applying method of leakages estimation equation among statistical methods. As a result of application, revenue water ratio corresponding to long-term economical leakage management target is 91.6 %.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.187-197
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• 1993

The objectives of this study were to investigate university students' knowledge of traditional dishes and seasonal festive foods, and to estimate the level of consumption in Korea. The result of the study indicated that their level of knowledge of the seasonal festive foods was very low on as average. The reason was that, because each family prepared only one or two festive dishes on seasonal festival days, these students had few opportunity of being acquainted with other kinds of festive foods. In case of traditional foods university students ate some traditional foods. However, they age other kinds of traditional foods such as Jun-Gol and San-Juk less than once a month because of the difficulty in cooking these foods everyday. Finally, the students showed their intention to eat more traditional foods and festive foods if they can find these types of foods easily. The findings of this study suggested that, in order to increase the consumption of our traditional foods, it is necessary to encourage the establishment of many traditional food stores and to provide an easy access to these stores. Furthermore, every effort should be made to develop various kinds of food materials and easy recipes which can be used at home.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and loneliness in elderly women living alone. Method: Between 1 October 2008 and 30 April 2009, a random sampling method was conducted to recruit 112 elderly women who were living alone. The subjects were at least 65 years of age. Data was collected using the social support questionnaire, and the translated Korean Version of the Revised University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (R-UCLA Loneliness Scale). Results: In our study, the sources of social support were the children, neighbours, brothers and sisters, in this order. We found that the loneliness of the subjects was related to age, the number of children, and financial difficulty. The level of loneliness negatively correlated with the social support provided by children, brothers and sisters, other relatives, and neighbours. Also, there was a negative correlation with the social support satisfaction. The social support satisfaction and the social support offered by neighbours and relatives were the significant predictors of loneliness. Conclusion: The sources of social support, such as neighbours and relatives, and the social support satisfaction should be considered when planning intervention by nurses or social workers to decrease the level of loneliness in elderly women living alone.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.12-14
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• 2016

In cases of replantation, accurate closure of all structures, including bone, tendons, arteries, nerves, and veins is essential. Among these, the vein is a weaker structure and is damaged severely in most amputation cases. After fixation of bone, repair of tendons, nerves, and arteries, surgeons often experience difficulty in performing venous anastomoses. We found that in such cases, venous anastomosis is easy to perform using an additional incision after closure of the original wound. In a 33-year-old male patient with amputation of all four fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint level, venous anastomoses were performed with dorsal veins using additional incisions after completion of the fixation of bones and repair of all other structures and closure of the skin due to surgical site tension.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.457-463
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the knowledge and the use of Korea traditional basic side dishes, Jangachies, by housewives. Among the 58 kinds Jangachies, the most well-known Jangachies (above 80% of subjects) turned out to be Perilla leaf, Red pepper leaf, Garlic, Young stem of garlic, Green red leaf, Cucumber and dried Radish Jangachi in the order. In cooking experience of Jangachi, 40% of subjects in Perilla leaf, 28.0% in Green red pepper, 24.8% in Garlic and 24.1% in Red pepper leaf Jangachi have cooked frequently. The proportion of subjests who has bought the marketed Jangachi products were 51.6%. Major problem of that products was pointed out for a sanitary condition, high price and poor taste. If marketed Jangachies were improved over the aspects, the proportion of subjects who would buy the products was 76.2%. The frequency of Jangachi intake was very low on a average due to too salty taste and the difficulty in preparation. The older in age, the more in interest level for Jangachi (p<0.05). 39.6% of subject have had preparation ability of Jangachies. With increasing age (p<0.01), decreasing education level (p<0.01) and those who live in rural area (p<0.05), preparation ability of Jangachi tended to be higher.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.535-546
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• 2024

This research aims to develop a model to objectively and quantitatively measure the skill level of aircraft body assembly workers. Because aircraft body assembly is predominantly a manual process, skills management is a key factor of manufacturing competitiveness. Currently, skills management relies on the subjective judgment of supervisors, which lacks objectivity and reliability. As a remedy, this study proposed a systematic skill management model based on objective and quantitative evaluation criteria. By considering prior research, we developed an evaluation model that takes into account both expertise and versatility of a worker. The model selected five major tasks required for aircraft body assembly and established evaluation criteria considering the difficulty and maturity of each task. We then conducted a pilot evaluation with over 200 workers in four SMEs to validate the practicality and effectiveness of the model. Consequently, we identified and addressed the limitations of the existing evaluation method, subdivided the skill levels based on the performance capabilities of each task, and proposed a career growth path. The developed evaluation model offers critical data for executives and managers to determine work assignments, education, training, performance incentives, and wages. It is expected to enhance the attraction of new talent and systematize skills management in aviation manufacturing in the future.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.8
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• pp.1192-1197
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• 2013

In this paper Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export was defined, and it's job analysis. The authors have been defined the job and classified duties and tasks of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export. To fine what is the most efficient task for Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export, we have been investigated the levels of importance, difficulty, frequency and entry in each task. A DACUM committee is composed of total 12 members, which are one facilitator, 10 panel members, one coordinator & recorder to analyze the job of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export. Following is the result of this study. First, The process began with the identification of a job title and definition of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export. Second, a job model of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export is constructed based on the results of DACUM job analysis. 5 duties and 33 tasks are analyzed. Third, occupational specification was drawn up in consultation with SME council. Fourth, duty specification was drawn up in consultation. 33 tasks that are essential in entry level of occupation are identified. Fifth, task specification was drawn up in consultation. Detail task component which include skill, materials, knowledge, equipment, achievement level and tool was specified in task specification.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.112-125
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• 2020

Objectives: Diet and incidence of chronic diseases are highly related. This study examined the characteristics of dietary safety awareness and competency for chronic disease prevention among adults. Methods: Data were collected from 247 adults in Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas using a self-administered questionnaire in May and June of 2018. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, χ²-test, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variances, and correlation. Results: The results of the factor analysis indicate that dietary safety awareness of health management was classified into chronic disease anxiety and obsession. Awareness of dietary safety management was sub-grouped into difficulty in acquiring knowledge, lack of awareness of over and malnutrition, food safety anxiety, importance of weight management, education requirement for cancer prevention, and knowledge. Dietary safety behavior composed of a balanced diet, unhealthy diet, and health-functional pursuit. Dietary safety management competency was comprised of health management, food management, and cooking. The competency scores of dietary safety management factors were significantly different according to sex, age, and education level (P < 0.05). Balanced diet factor was significantly correlated with knowledge, health-functional pursuit, health management, food management, and cooking capacity factors (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Active education for dietary safety management competency according to age, gender, and education level should provide dietary safety education to reduce anxiety and obsession regarding chronic diseases and sustainable health management.