• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2003

The ultimate objective of environmental education is to develop characteristics of the affective domain being the basis for environmental behavior. As this need, the researchers developed a modular program for environmental values education suited elementary school's actuality. In practice of program development, researchers analyzed the contents of environmental education in current curriculum. Researchers set up development principles of modular program according to the level of elementary moral development. The system of this modular program consists of three levels like environmental awareness, environmental literacy, environmental responsibility, and each module is made up of three subjects representing these levels. So this modular program is classified with three level's modular group like low grade, center grade, and high grade. And set in array after selecting value strategies suited each grade level. The expectant effects of this program for environmental values education are as follows: Students form sound environmental values and attitudes for environment through various strategies that develop environmental awareness and environmental literacy. And those strategies provides various experiences to construct knowledge, value, and attitude about environment by oneself working together with teacher. So teacher and students can utilize easily at school or in nature. Besides, since it relates with single environmental problem from awareness to participation about environment, teachers can conduct elementary environmental curriculum more systematically and effectively.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between regional financial development and corporate investment efficiency as well as the relationship between firm-level characteristics and corporate investment efficiency. Using a large sample of A-listed companies in China from CSMAR database between 2003 and 2016, this paper explores corporate investment efficiency and its influencing factors in emerging market on the basis of heterogeneous stochastic frontier model. The results show that: (1) the average investment efficiency of Chinese listed companies is 74.5%, and the investment efficiency of large enterprises, state-owned enterprises and enterprises with relatively high financial development level is significantly higher; (2) compared with average corporate investment efficiency in the year 2003, the investment efficiency of different types of enterprises in 2016 is significantly higher, and the gap is gradually widening; (3) enterprise heterogeneity namely firm size, nature of property right, and institutional environment reflected by the level of regional financial development indirectly affects corporate investment efficiency by influencing the financing constraints and uncertainty. The findings suggest that to improve corporate investment efficiency in emerging market, financial market should be accelerated, regional balance should be restored and the differences among regions, industries and differences between public and private sectors should be eliminated.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to identify the most stable boring shape among the circle, square, and inverted-triangle types in order to be applied to the development of a tractor-pulled underdrain boring device. Methods: The underdrain boring devices designed with the circle, inverted triangle, and square types were analyzed by numerical analysis, and they were evaluated by soil moisture and underground water level in the test field. Results: The results of the numerical analysis indicated that the increases in displacement, and strain when a uniform load is placed on the surface soil with soil weight were in the order of the inverted-triangle type, square type, and circle type. The soil moisture content and the underground water level after rainfall showed the largest difference in the order of the circle type, square type, and inverted-triangle type, indicating that the circle type had the largest drainage effects after rainfall. Conclusions: The overall findings of this study show that the circle type is the most stable among the circle, square, and inverted-triangle types.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2013

최근 도청 이전 신도시, 위례신도시 등 두 개 이상 지자체를 포함하는 신도시(복합경계신도시) 개발이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 현행 도시개발제도는 단일 지자체 신도시를 대상으로 하고 있어, 복합경계 신도시의 개발과 관리를 위한 제도 개선이 필요하다. 다층적 거버넌스(Multi-level governance) 개념은 광역지자체와 기초지자체가 포함된 위례신도시에서 갈등이슈를 파악하고, 개발사업자와 주민까지 참여하는 협력 대안을 모색하는데 유리한 개념틀을 제공한다. 본 연구의 목적은 위례신도시를 사례로 다층적 거버넌스(Multi-level governance)의 개념틀을 활용하여 복합경계신도시의 개발과 관리 운영 과정에서 발생하는 갈등이슈를 파악하고, 협력적 관리방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 관련자 및 전문가 인터뷰, 문헌연구, 전문가 포럼 등을 진행하였으며, 도시개발 관련 선행연구와 경제자유구역 등 유사사례로부터 시사점을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 위례신도시 개발 관리의 주요 부문을 학교 학군, 행정서비스, 공급처리시설, 도시기반시설로 구분하고, 각 부문별 갈등이슈를 분석하여 갈등구조를 파악하였다. 둘째, 위례신도시는 복합경계 신도시로서 행정구역 별 분리 관리와 통합 관리간의 대립, 광역적 관리 대 국지적 관리가 갈등의 기본축을 형성하고 있음을 확인하였다. 셋째, 위례신도시의 협력적 관리를 위해서는 최소한 지자체 행정협의회, 지자체조합, 전문관리기구의 세 가지 차원에서 Multi-level governance를 구성하여야 한다는 점을 향후 관리방안으로 제시하였다.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.109-130
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• 2020

최근 기술의 혁신을 위한 연구개발의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 연구개발의 급속한 발전은 다양한 긍정적 효과가 있지만, 동시에 정보 및 기술에 대한 유출 범죄를 가속화시키는 부정적 영향 또한 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 점차 심각해지는 연구개발 결과물 유출 사고를 대비하기 위해 조직 차원에서 이루어지는 연구개발 환경을 안전하게 보호할 수 있는 연구보안 수준측정 모형을 개발하였다. 먼저 국내외 연구개발 관련 보안정책들을 분석하고 종합하여, 연구보안 수준평가 항목 10개(연구보안 추진체계, 연구시설과 장비 보안, 전자정보 보안, 주요 연구정보 관리, 연구노트 관리, 지식재산권/특허 관리, 기술사업화 관리, 내부연구원 관리, 인가된 제3자 관리, 외부자 관리)를 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 도출하였다. 다음으로, 도출한 연구보안 수준평가 항목을 조직의 연구개발 환경에 다차원적 관점에서 적용 가능하도록 연구보안 수준평가 모형을 설계하였다. 마지막으로 모형에 대한 타당성을 검증하고, 실제 연구개발을 수행하는 조직을 대상으로 시범 적용하여 연구보안 수준을 평가해보았다. 본 연구에서 개발한 연구보안 수준평가 모형은 실제 연구개발을 수행하고 있는 조직 및 프로젝트의 보안 수준을 적절하게 측정하는 데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되고, 연구개발을 직접 수행하는 연구원들이 자체적으로 연구보안 체계를 수립하고 보안관리 대책을 마련하는 데 도움이 될 것이라 판단된다. 또한 연구개발을 수행하는 조직 차원의 보안성 향상뿐만 아니라 프로젝트 단위의 연구개발을 안전하게 수행함으로써, 연구개발 투자에 대한 안정적이고 효과적인 성과를 낼 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.95-97
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• 2005

Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) to be launched in year 2008 will be the first Korean multi-purpose geostationary satellite aiming at three major missions, i.e.: communication, ocean, and meteorological applications. The development of systems for the meteorological mission sponsored by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) consists of payloads, ground system, and data processing system. The program called COMS Meteorological Data Processing System (CMDPS) has been initiated for the development of data processing system. The primary objective ofCMDPS is to derive the level-2 environmental products from geo-Iocated and calibrated level 1.5 COMS data. Preliminary design for the level-2 data processing system consists of 16 baseline products and will be refined by end of 3rd project year. Also considered for the development are the necessary initial information such as land use and digital elevation map, algorithms for the vicarious calibration and procedures for the calibration monitoring, and radiative transfer model. Here, we briefly introduce the overall development strategy, flow chart for the intended baseline products, a few preliminary algorithm results and future plans.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.313-325
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• 1998

Government-Supported Research Institutes(GSRI) have done complex product(CP) development with national needs. The products to be developed have very limited demand. The most important things at CP development are technology innovation through knowledge creation and acquisition. Then, this paper suggests the technology innovation system for CP development. In CP development like satellite, government must do strategic management at national level and technology management at program level. Two managements are tools to achieve the strategic goals. The key points in CP are integration and interface among subsystems and person. From these factors and innovation system, R&D planning and practice are based on sharing and creation of knowledge. CP development projects ought to overlap and parallel for sustainable acquisition and creation of knowledge.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2020

The study aims to analyze the theoretical background of the economic growth and sustainable development; systematization of scientists view on monitoring and economic and innovative evaluation, analysis and diagnosis of factors affecting these processes. Rating characteristics of the level of innovative resources development obtained based on the comparative analysis of Kazakhstan regions. Calculations were done based on official statistics during 2010 and 2015-2017. Based on obtained data there has been grading of the country regions and their ratings were determined by the level of development of innovative resources. This research identifies areas and mechanisms to ensure balanced sustainable development of the national economy. The findings suggest that sustainable development of the state is affected by the innovative activity of the regions, the sustainable development of which is ensured by innovative enterprises. Transition to the model of sustainable territorial development involves the formation of such conditions and the use of mechanisms under which the natural base of this development is not destroyed, the environment suitable for human existence is preserved and reproduced. The findings of this research support for pursuing a national policy of reducing regional imbalances, and promoting a more balanced and sustainable development of the whole country.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.4042-4051
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• 2021

In this work, we applied a multilevel modeling technique to estimate the diametral creep in the pressure tubes of Korean Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) units. Data accumulated from in-service inspections were used to develop the model. To confirm the strength of the multilevel models, a 2-level multilevel model considering the relationship between channels for a CANDU unit was compared with existing linear models. The multilevel model exhibited a very robust prediction accuracy compared to the linear models with different data pooling methods. A 3-level multilevel model, which considered individual bundles, channels, and units, was also implemented. The influence of the channel installation direction was incorporated into the three-stage multilevel model. For channels that were previously measured, the developed 3-level multilevel model exhibited a very good predictive power, and the prediction interval was very narrow. However, for channels that had never been measured before, the prediction interval widened considerably. This model can be sufficiently improved by the accumulation of more data and can be applied to other CANDU units.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.248-259
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Contaminated water was a major source of food-borne pathogens in various recent fresh produce-related outbreaks. This study was conducted to investigate the microbial contamination level and correlations between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens in agricultural water by logistic regression analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Agricultural water was collected from 457 sites including surface water (n=300 sites) and groundwater (n=157 sites) in South Korea from 2018 to 2020. Sanitary indicator bacteria (total coliform, fecal coliform, and Escherichia coli) and food-borne pathogens (pathogenic E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes) were analyzed. In surface water, the coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli were 3.27±0.89 log CFU/100 mL, 1.90±1.19 log CFU/100 mL, and 1.39±1.26 log CFU/100 mL, respectively. For groundwater, three kinds of sanitary indicators ranged in the level from 0.09 - 0.57 log CFU/100 mL. Pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were detected from 3%-site, 1.5%- site, and 0.6%-site water samples, respectively. According to the results of correlations between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens by logistic regression analysis, the probability of pathogen detection increased individually by 1.45 and 1.34 times as each total coliform and E. coli concentration increased by 1 log CFU/100mL. The accuracy of the model was 70.4%, and sensitivity and specificity were 81.5% and 51.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The results indicate the need to manage the microbial risk of agricultural water to enhance the safety of fresh produce. In addition, logistic regression analysis is useful to analyze the correlation between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens in agricultural water.