• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2022

Hunminjeongeum had 17 initial consonant letters. Among them, five consonant letters, those are ㄱ (牙音, molar sound letter), ㄴ (舌音, lingual sound letter), ㅁ(脣音, labial sound letter), ㅅ (齒音, dental sound letter), ㅇ (喉音, guttural sound letter), were served as chief consonants. There was no argument that consonant letters were made by symbolizing the shape of vocal organs during phonation of them. It could be phoniatrically explained that all of five chief consonants were morphologically symbolized from left lateral view of vocal tract during articulation. Although 'ㄱ' was known as molar sound, it was not modeled the shape of molar tooth but modeled the shape of tongue at molar teeth bearing area. The same principle applies to 'ㅅ', and it was represented the shape of upper surface of anterior tongue instead of incisor teeth. 'ㄴ' was a lingual sound and directly shaped the shape of tongue. 'ㄷ' was made by addition of a stroke 'ㅡ' meaning hard palate above 'ㄴ'. 'ㅁ' was represented the shape of lateral view of anterior mouth. 'ㅇ' was looked like shaping left lateral view of laryngopharyngeal space.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.83-91
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• 2014

The main purpose of this research is to understand how the problems, which existing letter-shape houses have, are solved in Unjoru which is one of the letter-shape houses. Furthermore, there is the secondary purpose which is to realize the architectural characteristics of Unjoru through the process from the composition of rooms and buildings to the method of structure and roof formation. This research was approached in terms of architectural design, and as the result, the problems of the existing letter-shape houses was resolved by literally converting the shape of outdoor space to 品-shape form. Moreover through the result, it was recognized that the 占-Shape plan was flexible in responding to the demand of the times, such as the order of precedency within men and women and each generation. In addition to the previous results, it was confirmed that the location of major rooms was also decided by considering the interrelationship with natural environment of surrounding area. Also, in the whole proportion of building's plan, each building, such as ㄷ-shape Anchae and big-sized and middle-sized Sarangchae having 丁-shape form, and major rooms in the each building have proportion system such as 1:1, 3:4, $1:\sqrt{2}$, and 3:5 as aesthetic numerical value. Finally, it was understood that the architectural intention had double-sided characters, one side was authority and dignity in the aspect of shape and another side was practicality in aspect of inner housing life.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.121-135
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the image evaluation and the preference of tailored jacket according to the body type and the degree of satisfaction with their body of middle-aged women. The subjects used for this study were three hundred and twenty three middle-aged women ranging from 35 to 50 years old. We measured their bodies and asked them report to the questionnaire. The results are as follows. 1) Middle-aged women were classified into four typical types of body. The type 1 was tall and thin and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter X. The type 2 was the tallest and the medium of fatness and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter H that the lower part of the body is short. The type 3 was the medium of height and width and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter A that the upper part of the body is short compared with their height. The type 4 were the shortest and the fattest and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter Y that the lower and upper parts of the body is the longest. 2) Middle-aged women roughly tended not to be satisfied with part of their body. The results showed that a neck was the most satisfied body part and the weight was the least satisfied as well as overall leg shape among all 13 body parts. 3) The type 1 had the highest the degree of satisfaction on their face size, upper arm girth, waist, hip girth, weight and body shape, etc., excepting hip shape among 4 body types.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.427-430
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• 1995

This paper proposes a new image processing algorithm to recognize korean documents. It take out the region of syllable area from input character image, then it makes recognition of a consonant and a vowel in the character. A precision segmentation is very important to recognize the input character. The input image has 8-bit gray scaled resolution. Not only the shape but also vertical and horizontal lines dispersion graph are used for segmentation. Theresult shows a higher accuracy of character segmentation.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.10 no.3 s.27
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• pp.25-43
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning of letter-shaped house plan of the Imchongak in Andong and to Analyze its housing principles. The letter-shaped house plan of the Imchongak lays its root in the traditional Eastern thoughts, showing feature of Taolsm. The Imchongak applied the principles of a good land and a good house, which are originated from the Yonyang theory, Five elements theory, Poongsochiri, housing principles and letter shapes of good fortune. The letter shape of the Imchongak is 用(as below), and 日, 月, and 明 are contained in it. The lette 明means brightening the mind and life of human being by himself. The letter 用 is shaped to express the idea of Cheayong Theory of Confucianism, which refer to everlasting interaction of all thing in the universe. In applying the housing principles, Potaebob was used for the orientation of the house. Samhabbob, Jungeomjungyangbob and Dongsusataecbob were utilized to locate the gate. In addition, Dongsusataecbob was used for the positioning of rooms in most cases. The Imchongak succeeded traditional Eastern thoughts and it realized the concept and philosophical idea of Confucianism as a house. What is importan in the house plan of the Imchongak is that it repesents the ideal of Confucians in Chosun Dyansty that the man, house, nature, and universe are one. It also advocates ideology of Confucianism which emphasizes that a human life can be completed when man live together with the nature and harmonize themselves with it.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.13.2-18
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude related to the purchasing and wearing dress shoes for Korean adult women. 480 adult women age from 18 to 86 years participated in the survey and they were recruited in Seoul and Taejeon. The results were as following; 1. The most common dress shoes sizes were 235 and 240. 2. The subjects age uder 30 years perceived that the fashion is mor important than the comfort when they purchase dress shoes. The suvjects age over 60 years preferred shoes design giving comfort than fashionably designed one. 3. The most frequent complainings with dress shoe design were narrow shoe width, the stiffness of material, and discomfortable sole shape. 4. The letter size designation of dress shoes was not fulled recognized by the consumers. The use of letter size designastion was extremely low when they purchased shoes that fit their foot.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.1735-1737
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• 2003

To find the best intagliated shape on edgelit signboard, it was prepared wilt variations of illumination by changing the depth and angle of an engraved letter, the thickness of acrylic panel and wavelength of light source in this paper. As the result of analyzing optical design program, shallower depth and larger than critical angle on a visible side of panel, a favorable illumination characteristics was found. Also considering those factors, it was able to select the model which showed effectively engraved letter.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.630-633
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• 2010

In this letter, we propose a novel polygonal approximation of digital curves that preserve original shapes. The proposed method first detects break points, which have two different consecutive vectors, and sets an initial dominant point set. The approximation is then performed iteratively by deleting a dominant point using a novel distance, which can measure both the distance and the angle acuteness. The experimental results show that the proposed method can preserve original shapes and is appropriate for various shapes, including slab-sided shapes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.498-510
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• 2022

Among the various factors that form fonts, the concept of a new Korean font term called Inner Space Width was developed and the effect of changes in fonts applied to readability was analyzed. [Experiment 1] An empirical analysis was attempted on how the Korean-shaped Outer Space Width affects readability among the texts. Among the factors that make up the paragraph, Outer Space Width by letter size, letter size, letter spacing, letter spacing, and letter shape was composed of Yoon Myung-jo 110-160 and Inner Space Width of Yoon Myung-jo 110 was the widest at 26.83%. [Experiment 2] In-depth interviews with experts were conducted to derive factors and evaluation indicators constituting the inner space. Inner Space Width is evaluated as a complex factor that affects preference and fatigue, and is related to understanding and speed. This study empirically reviewed the effect on readability using the concept of Inner Space Width in the absence of existing research on Hangul-shaped fast space, and is expected to be actively used in the development of fonts in the future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.145-152
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• 2011

Salvador Dali put a title of his work as 'A Propos of the Treatise on Cubic Form by Juan de Herrera' at 1960. Through this work which is consisted in cube frame surrounding black and white letter squares and nails in the sky, he directly referred about the cube which were showed in his pictures. To understand the meaning of this work, Dali's paintings and Juan de Herrera's design and architectural ideas are analysed by building. His concerning about absolute existence like god and nuclear takes the cubic form by Juan de Herrera instead of pictorial tendencies of Cubism, however pictorial elements such as sky and nails were still used in the work. He use alphabet letter as pattern consisting wall and symbol representing 'Juan de Herrera', moreover number '2' is taken to show up line attribute. Dali had several design develop process, and finally he reached an new stage called 'Hypercube'. Hypercube can distinguish from Cubism and Herrera's architectural idea, and it will be free from objective world based in Euclid geometry. Although cubic is the simplest shape. It can contain the variety of developments in these fields - philosophy, architecture, painting and etc.- from Platon to nuclear physics and coexists in a picture of Salvador Dali.