• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.581-592
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• 2013

This article provides an overview on the geothermal energy research in Europe and one of the EU funded projects 'GEISER (Geothermal Engineering Integrating Mitigation of Induced Seismicity in Reservoirs)' in which the authors were involved. More details are given for description of GEISER, in particular, about aims and discussions and how the project was managed. Emphasis is given to one of the work packages 'Induced Seismicity and Large Magnitude Events (LME)' and results of this work package are summarized. This article intends to summarize the lessons learned in the GEISER project and give recommendations to future geothermal projects by creating Enhanced Geothermal Systems hydraulic stimulation where induced seismicity issues are expected to be a major issue and obstacle.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2010

Recently, various development projects have occurred due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Both industry and population grew rapidly which causes a corresponding rise in pollution. The accumulated pollutants are washed-off during rainy days, highly degrading the water quality of the receiving water body. This is because a lot of non point source (NPS) pollutants were accumulated on the surface during dry periods. This research focuses on the development of Eco-Bio Filter (EBF) system that treats NPS pollutants. It is constructed at Kongju National University campus. The EBF is a type of a structured infiltration system that falls under the category of Low Impact Development (LID) hydrologic design practices. The monitoring of rain events was performed. It includes the development of design, the lessons learned from the post-construction testing and the improvements in the renovation made. After a series of monitoring, the MOE will use the results to apply the design to other areas in the country.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Today, scale of a disaster becomes huge, all the available resources should be mobilized to control the disaster situation, and situations of the disaster site is broadcasted by the various media on a real-time basis. Accordingly, The commander of the disaster site should manage the situation taking all the factors into consideration. Despite the importance of the factors affecting the command of disaster site, there are not much research on this topic. This study utilizes METT-TC(Mission, Enemy, Troops, Terrain and weather, Time available, and Civilian considerations) which is applied in a combat situation by the military area and proposes MORT-TEC(Mission, Object, Resources available, Terrain and weather, Time available, Exercise, and Civilian considerations) as factors affecting the effective command of disaster site. These factors are applied to the Sewol Ferry Incidents and policy implications which can help researchers and practitioners in the area are suggested.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.464-471
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• 2004

For the purpose of developing ‘Web-Based Nutritional Education Program’, this study did instructional analysis, analysis of entry behaviors and learner characteristics to select instructional contents for nutritional education program for junior/senior high school students. Survey questionnaires were distributed from October 21, 2002 to October 26, 2002 to a total of 564 junior/senior high school students in Seoul. The total number of questionnaires collected and used in our study was 479, which is 84.9% of the total questionnaires distributed. As a result of the curriculum analysis of ‘Technology-Home economics’, subjects related with ‘food and nutrition’ in the 7$^{th}$ educational course study result, lessons including the contents of food and nutrition were ‘nutrition and meal of adolescent’ in 7th grade, ‘family meal management’ in 9th grade and ‘practice of home life’ in 10th grade. According to the curriculum analysis, ‘nutrition’ and ‘food’ were chosen for the superior subjects of nutrition education program and four subordinate subjects per superior one were developed. Then, entry behaviors and learner characteristics were analyzed： life characteristics, internet usage, anthropometrics data and nutritional knowledge. Students were interested in using computer and preferred passive activity to dynamic activity. According. to the analysis of internet usage, WBI for students should composed active parts such as game, moving image, immediate reply and follow-up bye-mail, bulletin board and com- munity activity. Students’ BMI were in normal range but they were lacked nutritional knowledge. We wrote performance objectives that were specific behavior skills to be learned, the conditions under which they must be performed and the criteria for successful performance. The next step for developing the WBI nutrition education program would be based on the results mentioned above.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.243-250
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• 2015

Mobile learning content implementing is IT tourism convergence study that IT convergence IT and tourism. Learning to increase the effectiveness of mobile learning content for each learning module, It proposed u-smart tourist information 2.0 systems. Mobile learning content, implementation is u-smart tourist information 2.0 can use the system. Convergence/integration of design patterns and XML is so interesting to students. This is the maximum benefit which is taught classes for each learning module divided into learning the Design Pattern NCS. As a result, the learner. In particular, attendance has come out better the effect of learning and improved. Another advantage is tourism, information content information quality mobile learning content for and construct a tourist information content that you can do in real time. Also, mobile learning content, implementation in the next NCS expected to use a lot of help in learning. This study is the result of increased learning the analysis of the lessons learned. Implement mobile learning content gives fun and interesting to the learner to ten design process using the u-Smart Tourist Information class 2.0.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.197-217
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• 2020

Shield TBM tunneling, used in the construction of Seoul subway line 7 and line 9, has been well known as a very efficient, as well as safe, tunneling method. Although the Shield TBM method has been known to be effectively used in poor ground conditions, a number of troubles have occurred during the use of the shield TBM, due to inappropriate machine selection, machine breakdown, and unpredicted ground conditions etc. In this study, several accidents and trouble cases occurred during excavation by Shield TBM, reported from Japan, were investigated. A series of numerical analysis was then performed to compare with the trouble cases and back-analysis results for the cause analysis. The lessons learned from the case studies are presented at the end.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.106-131
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• 2016

The general purpose of this paper is to identify opportunities for and to measure existing collaboration on research and development between institutions from the countries of Asia and Latin America in FEALAC's framework, in the fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology and their convergence. The methodological approach includes scientific and technological surveillance and research seeking to identify both the R&D and innovation capacities of the countries as well as the degree of international cooperation between countries of the two regions; case studies and a study of the governance framework of international collaboration in R&D about issues considered global challenges. The study has three main findings. First, nanotechnology, biotechnology and their convergence contribute to solving the problem of contamination by heavy metals affecting most of the countries that are part of FEALAC and to address problems arising from the accelerated rate of energy consumption, which also contributes to environmental damage. In this scenario, important business opportunities arise from the adaptation and development of bio-refinery technologies. Second, the scientific relationship between FEALAC countries, mainly between Asian and Latin American countries, is weak as can be seen in research for articles and patents. But there is plenty of room and potential for improvement. Third, current and upcoming joint R&D programs and projects should be linked both to existing governance structures and to new ones that serve as experiments of STI public policy regarding innovative management of intellectual property and capacity building. Practical implications are included in lessons learned and a set of recommendations involving a couple of proposals. One proposal calls for research and innovation in promising fields for international cooperation. Another proposal creates mechanisms in the governance framework for sharing knowledge, capacity building, and funding.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.173-179
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• 2013

For this study, we conducted a survey targeting elementary school students to examine how the type of family communication shows differences in the children's use of media to draw up effective measures to use media. The result of study is that meaningful differences showed according to the time spent watching TV(F=6.719, p<.05) and using PC(F=7.713, p<.05) or cell phone(F=6.404, p<.05). The authoritative type pursuing obedience preferred entertainment programs and spent much time watching TV and preferred entertainment games when using a PC. The deliberating type pursuing conversations preferred educational and informative programs when watching TV and informative programs when using a PC. This study is meaningful in that it presents lessons learned to draw up measures for children to effectively use media based on the study results.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.197-209
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• 2020

Evidence of liquefaction during the 2017 Pohang earthquake has highlighted the urgent need to evaluate the current seismic design standard for liquefaction in Korea, particularly the liquefaction triggering standard. With the simplified method, which is the most popular method for evaluating liquefaction triggering, the factor of safety for liquefaction triggering is calculated via the cyclic stress ratio (CSR) and the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR). The parameters in the CSR and CRR have undergone changes over time based on new research findings and lessons learned from liquefaction case-histories. Hence, the current design standard for liquefaction triggering evaluation in Korea should also reflect these changes to achieve seismic safety during future earthquakes. In this study, liquefaction susceptibility criteria were discussed initially and this was followed by a review of the current liquefaction triggering codes/guidelines in other countries and Korea. Next, the parameters associated with the CSR such as the maximum ground acceleration, stress reduction factor, magnitude scaling factor, and overburden correction factor were discussed in detail. Then, the evaluation of the CRR using the SPT N-value and CPT qc-value was elaborated along with overburden and clean-sand correction factors. Based on this review of liquefaction triggering evaluation standards, recommendations are made for improving the current seismic design standard related to liquefaction triggering in Korea.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.153-163
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• 2016

Environments in nuclear power plants (NPPs) are changing as the design of instrumentation and control systems for NPPs is rapidly moving toward fully digital instrumentation and control, and modern computer techniques are gradually introduced into main control rooms (MCRs). Within the context of these environmental changes, the level of performance of operators in a digital MCR is a major concern. Situation awareness (SA), which is used within human factors research to explain to what extent operators of safety-critical systems know what is transpiring in the system and the environment, is considered a prerequisite factor to guarantee the safe operation of NPPs. However, the safe operation of NPPs can be guaranteed through a team effort. In this regard, the operating team's SA in a conventional and digital MCR should be measured in order to assess whether the new design features implemented in a digital MCR affect this parameter. This paper explains the team SA measurement method used in this study and the results of applying this measurement method to operating teams in different MCR environments. The paper also discusses several empirical lessons learned from the results.