• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.382-386
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• 2012

A femtosecond laser with 775nm central wavelength and 150 fs of temporal pulse width was used for multi layered glass cutting applications. Ultrashort pulse was effectively used for clean glass cutting with $50{\mu}m$ depth and minimum cutting width. Laser beam was split to two stages and focused on the top surfaces of each layer. Ablation threshold of used glass was measured to be $2.59J/cm^2$. In experiments, 200mW laser power and 1mm/s scanning speed was used for preliminary experiment. Air gap was the major defect occurring parameter and laser power was less sensitive to glass cutting in the experiment. The maximum cutting speed was measured to be 60mm/min with 2kHz, however, Maximum 3m/min cutting speed can be achievable with a commercially available laser with 100kHz.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2009

Ultrashort pulse laser drilling of polycarbonate track-etched membrane (pTEM) material was used to fabricate a mouse embryo cell trapping device. Holes with a diameter of $2{\mu}m$ to $5{\mu}m$ were fabricated on a $10{\mu}m$ thick membrane using a femtosecond laser with a 150 fs pulse width and 775 nm wavelength and multiple-pulse irradiation. In cell trapping tests, the overall cell occupancy of the machined holes in the fabricated pTEM was found to be more than 80%. The results of a single pulse and multiple pulse irradiation were compared in terms of the surface quality. It was generally found that a single pulse with high energy was less desirable than irradiation with multiple pulses of lower energy.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.224-228
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• 2011

This research, integratable capacitive relative humidity sensor was produced using polyimide on glass substrate. Also, at the time of upper electrode formation, upper electrode grain size was affected by giving changes to sputtering condition. Through this analyzing electrical characteristics affect from capacitive relative humidity sensor was possible. Capacitance of capacitive relative humidity sensor was 330 pF, linearity of 0.6%FS and it showed less than 3% of low hysterisis. Specially, hysterisis was affected more from interface than interstitial. Also was affected by the grain size which is one of the formation condition of upper electrode.

• 대한소아신경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2018

목적: 열성 경련은 생후 첫 5년간 흔히 발생하는 경련성 질환으로 바이러스 감염과 관련이 있다. 인플루엔자 감염은 열성경련을 포함한 다양한 신경학적 증상과 연관이 있다. 이 연구에서는 열성 경련에 대한 인플루엔자 감염의 임상적인 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 총 388명의 소아 중 인플루엔자가 동반된 열성경련 환아 75명, 인플루엔자가 동반되지 않은 열성경련 환아는 313명의 두 그룹으로 나누었다. 이 환자들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여, 발작 유형, 발작 빈도, 발작 기간, 열성경련의 가족력 및 간질의 발병과 임상적 특징을 비교하였다. 결과: 전체 388명의 열성 경련 환자 중 75명(19.3%)가 인플루엔자 감염이 동반되었다. 인플루엔자 감염이 동반된 열성경련 환자가 인플루엔자 감염이 동반되지 않는 환자보다 평균적으로 나이가 많았으며 ($34.9{\pm}22.3$개월 vs $24.4{\pm}14.2$개월, P<0.001), 이전에 열성경련의 병력이 있는 경우가 더 흔하였다(40/75 (53.3%) vs 92/313 (29.4%), P<0.01). 또한 60개월을 기준으로 환자 군을 나누어 보았을 때 60개월이상 열성경련 소아에서 인플루엔자 감염 비율이 60개월 미만인 소아보다 유의하게 높았다(11/22 (50%) vs 64/366 (17.5) %, P=0.001). 결론: 인플루엔자 감염은 연장아의 열성경련과 연관된 것으로 보이며, 열성경련의 병력이 있는 환자에서 재발과 관련이 있다. 인플루엔자 감염이 동반된 연장아의 열성 경련 환자에서 추후 뇌전증 발병이나 항경련제의 복용 여부에 대한 장기적 추적 관찰이 필요하다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.421-437
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• 2010

SeaWiFS자료를 Maximum Normalized Difference Carbon Index(MNDCI) 알고리즘을 이용하여 추정된 particulate organic carbon(POC)는 장강에서 유입된 담수의 영향을 받는 동중국해에서 시/공간적 해양환경 변화를 조사하는데 사용했다. 10년 평균한 POC 농도는 (1997년-2007년) 뚜렷한 계절적 변화를 보인다. POC 경년 변화는 전체 지역 평균값과 표준편차를 이용하여 세 개의 지역으로 나누어 평균한 결과에서 1998년 이후 꾸준한 감소를 보이는 장강과는 달리 감소되는 경향이 관측되지 않았다. 자세한 POC 시/공간적인 변화를 관측하기 위하여, 2000년부터 2007년까지 여름철 (6월-9월) 자료를 선정하여 empirical orthogonal function(EOF) 분석을 실시하였다. 첫 번째 성분은 장강으로부터 유입되는 담수의 영향으로 공간적인 변화가 이루어졌다. 두 번째 성분은 장강의 유출량과는 약한 상관관계를 보이고, 공간적으로 남-북 방향의 변화가 관측되었다. 2000년부터 2003년까지 상대적으로 높은 POC 분포는 연구지역 남쪽 부분에서 나타난다. 2004년부터 2007년까지 이런 변화는 연구지역 북쪽 부분에서 관측되었다. 장기적인 변화는 방류량의 감소에 의한 영향보다는 공간적인 변화에 기인한 것으로 사료되며, 이는 현장 관측자료에서 유사한 결과를 보였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.233-243
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• 1992

옥산지역에 위치하는 황학동광상은 초기백악기 퇴적암류내에 발달한 열극을 충진한 열수맥상 광상으로, 구조운동에 수반되어 3회에 걸쳐 생성된 석영 및 방해석맥으로 구성된다. 주된 금속광물로는 황철석, 자류철석, 황동석, 섬아연석, 방연석, 적철석 및 Ag-, Pb-, Bi-sulfosalts로, 이들의 침전은 주로 광화 제 1 기의 0.5~7.6 wt.% NaCl 상당염농도를 갖는 광화유체로부터 $370^{\circ}C$ 에서 약 $200^{\circ}C$ 에 걸쳐 진행되었으며, 광화 작용시의 압력은 <180 bar, 섬도는 700~2,400 m 였다. 광상내에서 보여주는 광물공생관계에 의한 열역학적 고찰과 유체포유물 및 안정동위원소 연구결과 등으로 미루어 본 광상광화유체내 Cu는 주로 chloride complex 상으로 이동되었으며, 주로 광화유체의 냉각작용과 이에 의한 지화학적 환경요인들($fs_2$, $fo_2$, pH)의 변화에 기인하여 침전되었음을 알수 있다. 유황안정동위원소 연구결과, 주광화시기인 광화1기중 광화유체의 ${\delta}^{34}S_{H_2S}$ 값이 초기 8.2‰ 에서 후기 4.7‰ 로 점차 감소함은 광화유체의 비등에 수반되어 수소이온농도와 함께 산소분압이 점진적으로 증가한 결과로 해석되며, 광화유체의 수소 및 산소동위원소 값으로부터 열수계에서 천수가 지배적인 역할을 하였음을 알수 있다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of dental students in detection of mandibular condyle fractures and the effectiveness of reference panoramic images. Materials and Methods : Forty-six undergraduates evaluated 25 panoramic radiographs for condylar fractures and the data were analyzed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. After a month, they were divided into two homogeneous groups based on the first results and re-evaluated the images with (group A) or without (group B) reference images. Eight reference images included indications showing either typical condylar fractures or anatomic structures which could be confused with fractures. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis of the difference between the first and the second evaluations for each group, and student�fs t-test was used between the two groups in the second evaluation. The intra- and inter-observer agreements were evaluated with Kappa statistics. Results : Intra- and inter-observer agreements were substantial (k=0.66) and moderate (k=0.53), respectively. The area under the ROC curve (Az) in the first evaluation was 0.802. In the second evaluation, it was increased to 0.823 for group A and 0.814 for group B. The difference between the first and second evaluations for group A was statistically significant (p<0.05), however there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the second evaluation. Conclusion : Providing reference images to less experienced clinicians would be a good way to improve the diagnostic ability in detecting condylar fracture.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1270-1275
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• 2004

Standard positive photoresist techniques were adapted to generate nano-scale patterns of gold substrate using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and femtosecond laser. SAMs formed by the adsorption of alkanethiols onto gold substrate are employed as very thin photoresists, Alkanethiolates formed by the adsorption of alkanethiols are oxidized on exposure to UV light in the presence of air to alkylsulfonates. Specifically, it is known that deep UV light of wavelength less than 200nm is necessary for oxidation to occur. In this study, ultrafast laser of wavelength 800nm and pulse width 200fs is applied for photolithography. Results show that ultrafast laser of visible range wavelength can replace deep UV laser source for photo patterning using thin organic films. Femtosecond laser coupled near-field scanning optical microscopy facilitates not only the patterning of surface chemical structure, but also the creation of three-dimensional nano-scale structures by combination with suitable etching methods.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.149-150
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• 2006

We describe a novel method of scanning probe nanofabrication using a AFM(atomic force microscopy) tip with assistance of Femtosecond laser pulses to enhance fabrication capability. Illumination of the AFM tip with ultra-short light pulses induces a strong electric field between the tip and the metal surface, which allows removing metal atoms from the surface by means of field evaporation. Quantum simulation reveals that the field evaporation is triggered even en air when the induced electric field reaches the level of a few volts per angstrom, which is low enough to avoid unwanted thermal damages on most metal surfaces. For experimental validation, a Ti: sapphire Femtosecond pulse laser with 10 fs pulse duration at 800 nm center wavelength was used with a tip coated with gold to fabricate nanostructures on a thin film gold surface. Experimental results demonstrate that fine structures with critical dimensions less than ${\sim}10nm$ can be successfully made with precise control of the repetition rate of Femtosecond laser pulses.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.434-443
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• 2009

Slope stability analysis is an essential part of rock slope design. For highly fractured rock, the limit equilibrium method (LEM) based slope stability analysis with a circular failure surface is often carried out assuming the rock mass behaves more or less as a continuum. This paper examines first, the applicability of the finite-element method (FEM) based shear strength reduction (SSR) technique for highly fractured rock slope, and second the use of Mohr-Coulomb (MC) failure criterion in conjunction with generalized Hoek-Brown (HB) failure criterion. The numerical results on a number of cases are compared in terms of the factor of safety (FS). The results indicated that the FEM-based SSR technique yields almost the same FSs from LEM, and that the MC and HB failure criteria yield almost identical FSs when the strength parameters for MC failure criterion are obtained based on the modified HB failure criterion if and only if value of the Hoek-Brown constant $m_i$ is smaller than 10 and slope angle is smaller than 1:1, otherwise MC failure criteria over-estimate the factor of safety.