• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 2013

This study was conducted to estimate organic Hanwoo carrying capacity when whole crop wheat and triticale as winter forage crops were grown on different applying sources (no fertilizer, organic fertilizer or cattle slurry), and mixed sowing in combination with hairy vetch and forage pea at the level of 50% cattle slurry application during the period of 2009~2011. The experimental plots were consisted of 5 treatments. Each treatment was triplicates and allocated in the randomized complete block design. For whole crop wheat, annual mean dry matter (DM) yield was significantly (P<0.05) higher for fertilizer application treatments than for no fertilizer treatment, and crude protein (CP) yield was significantly (P<0.05) higher for forage pea and hairy vetch-mixed sowing treatments than for no fertilizer and organic ferilizer treatments. Mean CP, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV) contents of legumes-mixed sowing treatments was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of other treatments. As diets replaced with 70% whole crop wheat were provided for 450kg of Hanwoo heifers, legumes-mixed sowing treatments could raise more heifers than organic fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments. For triticale, annual mean DM, CP and TDN yields were significantly (P<0.05) higher for fertilizer application treatments than for no fertilizer treatment, and CP content of legumes-mixed sowing and cattle slurry application treatments was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of other treatments. When 450kg of Hanwoo heifers were fed on diets replaced with 70% triticale, it was estimated that legumes-mixed sowing treatments at the level of 50% cattle slurry application could rear average 3.3~3.4 heads/ha/year, which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than no fertilizer treatment (2.5 heads/ha/year). It was indicated that DM yields of whole crop wheat and triticale were much more effective in cattle slurry application than organic fertilizer, and Legumes-mixed sowing at the level of 50% cattle slurry application rather than whole crop wheat or triticale alone increased yields per unit area and nutritional value such as CP content. In conclusion, it is conceived that whole crop wheat or triticale produced in the manner above can be used instead of grains imported as dietary protein sources in the organic Hanwoo feeding regimen.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.453-462
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the utilization value of legume crops collected in tropical and subtropical areas. We examined agronomic traits to assess domestic adaptability and evaluated useful components of foreign legumes. We used a total of 201 genetic resources of three legumes, consisting of 68 lentils, 72 chickpeas and 61 guars. The average number of days to flowering of the three legumes ranged from 56.7 to 60.8 days; the shortest in guar and longest in chickpea. The average number of days to growth of the three legumes ranged from the shortest 86.8 days in lentil, to the longest 163.9 days in guar. The maturation period of the three legumes lasted from the end of May until mid-September, based on sowing in March. However, the average yield of lentil was very low, ranging from 0.5 g to 30.6 g, with an average 16.4 g based on 10 plants per accession. The average 100 seed weight of the three legumes was 2.2 g for lentil, 22.9 g for chickpea, and 3.8 g for guar. The crude protein content ranged from 14.1% to 32.4% with an average of 20.4%, the highest for guar and the lowest for chickpea. The average crude oil content in the three legume crops was generally low, ranging from 0.8% in lentil, to 4.3% in chickpea. The average dietary fiber content in the three legume crops varied from 15.7% to 50.7%. Guar was the highest source of fiber, followed by chickpea (19.3%) and lentil (15.7%). From the agricultural traits analysis, chickpea and guar could grow domestically. However, lentil was difficult to flower and fruit normally during the warmer season after May. Therefore, lentil should be considered for late summer cropping during the cool season. The physicochemical properties of the three legumes seem to be useful as they are similar to, or better than, those of the control common bean.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.20-27
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

Metabolic engineering for production of isoflavones in non-legume plants could distribute the health benefits of these phytoe-strogens in more widely-consumed grains. We investigate the ability of the heterologous isoflavone synthase enzyme to interact with the endogenous phenylpropanoid pathway. Overall, results provide possibility of production of isoflavonoids in several plant tissue systems including soybean and non-legumes. In tissue that undergoes naturally enhanced synthesis of anthocyanins, genistein production was enhanced. In a monocot cell system, introduced expression of a transcription factor regulating genes of the antho-cyanin pathway was effective in conferring the ability produce genistein in the presence of the isoflavone synthase gene. However, in this case the intermediate accumulated to high levels indicating an inefficiency in its conversion. Introduction of a third gene, chalcone reductase, provided the ability to synthesize an additional substrate of isoflavone synthase resulting in production of the isoflavone daidzein. These research efforts provide insight into requirements for metabolic engineering for isoflavone production in non-legume dicot and monocot tissues.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 2005

Fossil legumes of Albizia miokalkora Hu et Chaney (Mimosoideae) were found in the Miocene Duho Formation of the Yeonil Group distributed along the coast of Yeonil Bay in the Pohang area. The legume is flat and long and has 5-7 rounded seeds. The legumes of Albizia miokalkora are rare in the Cenozoic floras of the world and only known to Middle Miocene of East Asia. The fossil Albizia may use one of the important taxa to construct the biogeographic history of East Asia. This discovery is the first record of Albizia from the Neogene strata of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 1981

In reviewing of the literature concerning agronomic practices on intensive pasture establishment the following suggestions were made : (1) The seedbed preparation should be involved physical manipulation of the soil tilth and consolidation of the soil by harrows and heavy roller. (2) In terms of methods of sowing, drilling favours the first and broadcasting the second however, the apparent superiority of band sowing over the above conventional methods is to reduce the direct toxic chemical effects from fertilizers to germinating seeds. (3) The most satisfactory seeding depth for grasses and legumes is commonly agreed to be approximately 1.3cm and seeding depth greater than 2.5cm seems to be generally detrimental. (4) Autumn and spring are most common sowing periods for grasses and legumes, however, early autumn being the most generally favoured, particularly in areas not subject to severe winter kill. (5) Select nurse crop species or cultivars which make Bess demands on light, nutrients and water, and lower seed rates should be used. (6) Seeding mixtures should be simple rather than complex and aggressive species should be included to a minor extent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2011

The main objective of the study was to investigate the phytic acid contents of various cereals and legumes produced in Korea. The results showed that the phytic acid contents of buckwheat, foxtail millets, sorghum, millet, barley, jobs' tears, yellow corn and wheat flour (Urimil) were in a range of 0.13 to 2.27%. The contents of the phytic acid ranged from 1.03 to 1.16% for legumes including red Indian bean, black Indian bean, mung bean, and black soybean. The phytic acid content of brown rice was five times higher than those of 100% polished rice. The polishing process of the rice decreased significantly the content of the phytic acid. We estimate that the daily phytic acid intake from rice was changed from 653 mg/day in 1995 to 430 mg/day in 2005 based on the results of a national nutrition survey.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.257-259
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• 1992

Three tropical legumes, very different in growth form, but believed to be of potential value for animal production were evaluated by substituting the leaf meal made from each for lucerne at the level used in a standard diet for growing rabbits (50%). Each leaf meal had a nitrogen content of close to 3.5% and contributed about 60% of the crude protein in the diet. Albizia lebbeck and Clitoria ternatea showed no evidence of toxic or antinutrient effects. The protein digestibility of the complete diets were 66 and 61% respectively, implying a protein digestibility of the leaf of at least 50%. Both species would be suitable for practical production diets for rabbits and should be excellent for ruminants. In contrast, the diet containing Desmanthus virgatus had a protein digestibility of only 40%, implying that only about 15% of the leaf protein was available. The leaves showed marked non-enzymic browning on drying. When dried this species is clearly unsuitable as a feed for rabbits and possibly also for ruminants. However, it may well be valuable as fresh forage.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.290-294
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• 1999

From the legumes of Albizzia julibrissin Durazzini (Leguminosae), a mixture of long-chain alcohols, ${\alpha}-spinasterol$, a mixture of acylated sterol glycosides and ${\alpha}-spinasteryl$ $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ were isolated. Two mixtures of long-chain alcohols and acylated sterol glycosides were characterized as 1-hexacosanol (major) and 1-tetracosanol, and $3-O-[6'-O-palmitoyl-{\beta}-D-glucosyl]-{\alpha}-spinasterol$ (major) and its 6'-O-stearoyl ester. All compounds were identified on the basis of spectral data and chemical reactions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2004

An interaction between Legumes and Rhizobia establishes a symbiotic new organ, the nodule that supports atmospheric nitrogen fIxation. The specific communications between the microbes and legume plants are necessary for both nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Through genetic and biochemical analyses several genes playing pivotal roles in nodulation had been identified to be a receptor kinase like CALVATAl involved signal transduction for development. This emphasizes peptides as signals to be transmitted for a short or long distance transport for nodulation. In addition, a quorum sensing in rhizobia has become a focus as counterpart signal. In an attempt to reveal proteins factors and signaling molecules acting on nodulation, proteome analyses of nodule and the proteins in apoplast upon communication between Legumes and Rhizobia were performed.